48 research outputs found
A Comparative Review of the Views about the Verses on Stoning Satans by Meteors
No full textThe present paper seeks to review the Quranic verses on stoning Satans by meteors and reanalyze different interpretive views about the issue, proposed by commentators and thinkers. The paper reviews the view of different scholars and commentators such as Seyyed Qutb, Makarem, Allamah Tabatabaii, Tabarsi, Abdulali Bazargan, Tantawi, Nasr Hamed Abuzeid, and Soroush. Some commentators have implicitly interpreted these verses and others have reviewed the outer meaning of the verses and relevant traditions, relying on detailed specification. Some others have interpreted them on the basis of new cosmological theories. Still others have relied on probable and hypothetical theories. And others have proposed inner meaning for the verses and have considered them as simile and maxim. On the contrary, some commentators hold that these verses cannot be interpreted. Among these views, those regarding the verses as maxim are worthy to be taken into consideration and the view that interprets and justifies the outer meaning of the verses on the basis of new scientific discoveries in the field of cosmology seems more acceptable and correct. Keyvan Ehsani[1] Maryam Parvizian[2] [1] Assistant professor of department of sciences of the Holy Quran and Hadith, Arak University, [email protected] [2] Corresponding author, MA student of sciences of the Holy Quran and Hadith, Arak University, [email protected]
Regularity of projection operators attached to worm domains
No full textThis paper considers the non-smooth unbounded worm domains
Dβ={(z1,z2)∈C2:Re(z1e−ilogz2z⎯⎯⎯2)>0,|logz2z⎯⎯2|<β−π2},
where β>π2. These model domains were important when the first author [Acta Math. 168 (1992), no. 1-2, 1–10; MR1149863] used them to show that on the Diederich-Fornæss worm domains [K. Diederich and J. E. Fornæss, Math. Ann. 225 (1977), no. 3, 275–292; MR0430315] the Bergman projection does not map the Sobolev space Wk into itself when k≥π/(total amount of winding). In the paper under review, the authors construct an oblique projection operator on Dβ which preserves the level of the Sobolev spaces. More precisely, let
L2j(Dβ)={f∈L2(Dβ):f∘ρθ=eijθf},
where ρθ=(z1,eiθz2) is a rotation on Dβ. Define Bj(Dβ):=L2j(Dβ)∩{holomorphic functions on Dβ}, Wsj(Dβ):=L2j(Dβ)∩Ws(Dβ), and Ws(Dβ) the closure of :=C∞0(Dβ) in Ws(Dβ). The main theorem of the paper shows that for all j∈Z there exists a bounded linear projection Tj:=L2(Dβ)→Bj(Dβ)
which satisfies Tj:Ws(Dβ)→Wsj(Dβ)for every s≥0
Fixed Linguistic Forms and Problems of Finding Its Equivalence In Translations of Nahj Al-Balagha
No full textWithin the text of Nahj al-Balagha, one may come across words and phrases that can be classified as profane or offensive statements. These terms serve two purposes. Some of them denote profanity and obscenity, while others seem to be using profanity. However, it possesses a metaphorical connotation and does not include any profanity. Understanding the historical origins of these statements, as well as their textual and temporal context, is essential and highly beneficial for comprehending the intended meaning of Imam Ali (peace be upon him). This study employed a prescriptive methodology to extract fourteen collective curses from Nahj al-Balagha and analyze the translation performance of five translators in relation to this work. The translators are Faiz al-Islam, al-Shahidi, al-Faqihi, al-Dashti, and al-Ansari. Each of these translators embodies a distinct translation style. The research findings revealed that many statements that may appear to be curses were not employed as insults but rather served various purposes such as praise, adoration, attention, and punishment. These translators neglected this difficulty and attempted to translate these meanings either word-for-word or with an imprecise functional equivalent, resulting in an incorrect translation of these meanings. Of the various translation methods available, the faithful approach and the literal method offer greater potential for translating this specific category of fixed language structures.Keywords: Translation, Fixed Form of Language, Cursing, Nahj al-Balagha.IntroductionGiven the intimate connection between translation and culture, the primary obstacle for the translator will be to convey these ideas accurately in the target language. Multiple hypotheses have been put out in the process of converting these concepts into different languages. Newmark (2011) has put forward a total of eighteen approaches, while Ivier (1987) has suggested a total of seven methods. Gradler (2000) and Harvey (2000) both postulated four distinct procedures. Additionally, Chesterman (1997) and Pedersen (2007) have put up alternative approaches. The primary distinction in the categorization of methodologies in these types of studies lies in the specific focus that each method places on the primary unit of language in translation (Alizadeh, 2019: 54). Profane expressions are seen as established linguistic and cultural phenomena that vary across different cultures. Consequently, translators often opt for literal translations, disregarding cultural nuances, resulting in inaccurate translations. To ensure a dependable scientific outcome, we chose five translations of Fayz al-Islam, al-Shahidi, al-Faqihi, al-Dashti, and al-Ansari from a pool of several translations of Nahj al-Balagha. We next examined how well these translations rendered eight collective cursing expressions. The primary objective of the ongoing research is to determine whether the cursing idioms found in Nahj al-Balagha exclusively convey the act of cursing or if alternative interpretations may be attributed to them based on the context and circumstances.Can a Persian-compatible cultural counterpart be provided for these allegedly cursed phrases? If the answer is yes, then which translator achieved greater success?Which translation method offered the most optimal approach for translating profanities?Literature Review The majority of research conducted in the realm of translating cultural components focuses on English translation. The research conducted in the domain of Arabic is exceedingly restricted. The majority of the works conducted in this domain, with the exception of a small number, pertain to the genre of novels and stories. This article introduces and critiques the following research studies relating to the subject:The study titled "A Study of the Content and Structure of Cursing Expressions in Nahj al-Balagha" was authored by Mir Ahmadi and his colleagues and published in the Journal of Studies in Nahj al-Balagha in 2017. Through an analysis of the rhetoric, style, and structure of cursing words in Nahj al-Balagha, the researchers aimed to examine the concept of politeness in Nahj al-Balagha from various perspectives. Their objective was to demonstrate that the Imam (peace be upon him) adhered to the teachings of the Holy Qur'an even when using cursing, maintaining a sense of politeness, and refraining from using vulgar language. The research approach employed in this study diverges significantly from the current essay, which seeks to critique the translation of profane terms in Nahj al-Balagha.The paper titled "A Study of the Expressions of Cursing and Cursing of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in Nahj al-Balagha" was authored by Akbar Tawhid Law and published in the Journal of Modern Studies in Nahj al-Balagha in 2016. This essay focuses on elucidating the semantic and conceptual distinctions between the idioms of cursing found in the Qur'an and Nahj al-Balagha.The subject of the current research is novel and groundbreaking in comparison to earlier studies, and no research has been conducted using this approach thus far.Research MethodologyThis research used a prescriptive methodology. In this approach, after examining each sample, the researcher provides explicit instructions or recommendations that outline a particular approach for conducting translation tasks (refer to Manafi Anari, 2015: 13). The chosen samples are additionally evaluated and examined using the techniques suggested in the Newmark model.ConclusionThe results gained from researching five Persian translations of Nahj al-Balagha's sermons and messages for expressing collective cursing expressions are as follows:Translators have encountered comparable difficulties while translating profane terms, which include: A) Restricting their analysis to the surface meaning of certain curses and disregarding their purpose in early Islam. B) The inaccuracy lies in the verb's structure in translation, as it is employed to convey meaning based on a different structure. C) Failing to embrace a singular approach. When encountering comparable circumstances, the process of translating a term takes place.2: Upon evaluating the translators' performance, we observed deficiencies and inadequacies in their ability to accurately comprehend and convey meaning in this domain. The translators, as a whole, did not execute their tasks correctly and did not adhere to the established scientific principles of translation studies. Consequently, it is not possible to favor the performance of one translator over another.Some of the profanities found in Nahj al-Balagha serve purposes beyond mere cursing. They are employed in various contexts to express admiration, astonishment, caution, and other intentions.Hence, translators must diligently consider the many connotations of these terms and render them in accordance with the specific context in which they are employed. It is advisable for them not to solely depend on the Nahj al-Balagha dictionary and its explanations. Instead, students should explore these terms in poetry, ancient prose, collections of proverbs, and other sayings to get insight into their various applications and the intended meaning by the Imam
US efficient factors in a Bayesian model scan framework
No full textPurpose: The author examines the impact these efficient factors have on factor model comparison tests in US returns using the Bayesian model scan approach of Chib et al. (2020), and Chib et al.(2022). Design/methodology/approach: Ehsani and Linnainmaa (2022) show that time-series efficient investment factors in US stock returns span and earn 40% higher Sharpe ratios than the original factors. Findings: The author shows that the optimal asset pricing model is an eight-factor model which contains efficient versions of the market factor, value factor (HML) and long-horizon behavioral factor (FIN). The findings show that efficient factors enhance the performance of US factor model performance. The top performing asset pricing model does not change in recent data. Originality/value: The author is the only one to examine if the efficient factors developed by Ehsani and Linnainmaa (2022) have an impact on model comparison tests in US stock returns
PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A CAST MODULAR CONNECTOR FOR SEISMIC-RESISTANT STEEL FRAMES.
No full textRights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author
Fault Tolerant Control of PMSM with Inter-turn Short Circuit Fault
No full textDue to its high-torque density and high efficiency, the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) is widely used in a broad range of applications. Extensive work has been presented in the literature related to modeling, fault diagnosis and fault tolerant (FT) control of electric drive system. On the other hand, because of higher requirements in industry, higher performance is always expected with implementation of new structure, new fault detection and new control method. In this background, the author proposed diagnosis method with a novel objective, identification of fault degree instead of fault isolation. Based on this concept, a new FT control based on fault degree information is proposed to optimize post-fault performance. The diagnosis and FT control can be applied on PMSM with inter-turn short circuit (SC). Its theoretical base and practical performance are presented and its strength over previous methods are come up with
Analyzing Ibn ʿĀdil’s Critiques of Zamakhsharī in Theological and Literary Interpretations of the Qur’anic Verses
No full textReceived: 2021/2/19 | Accepted: 2021/7/4Ibn-ʿĀdil Dimashqī is a nineth-century Interpreter of the Qur’an and an expert scholar in various scientific fields, including Arabic literature, Islamic jurisprudence, principles of Islamic jurisprudence, as well as Islamic Hadith and narrations. Benefiting the viewpoints of dozens of the Qur’anic interpreters and other Islamic scholars, in some cases, he has criticized or refuted them in his own interpretation, namely al-Lubāb fī ʿUlūm al-Kitāb, which should be considered as a large encyclopedia of various Islamic sciences. One of the most famous Qur’anic interpreters who has been criticized by Ibn-ʿĀdil is Zamakhsharī, the early sixth-century author of a prominent Qur’anic interpretation, namely al-Kashshāf. Despite acknowledging the importance and prominence of the work and referring it widely and frequently, Ibn-ʿĀdil has emerged notable controversies over it in terms of theological thoughts based on his Ash’arite presuppositions. One can consider in this regard, for example, their contradictory interpretations concerning some divine attributes that have been mentioned by the Qur’an, such as deceive, anger, mock, arrogance, as well as other Islamic conceptions including intercession and human free will. Using a speculative approach and desk research method, as well as introducing both interpretative works, the present article suggests some examples of Ibn-ʿĀdil’s theological and literary critiques of Zamakhsharī and analyzes the effects of his preferred religious beliefs on his perceptions of the Qur’anic verses, especially in the field of their conflict points.Ehsani, K. (2022) Analyzing Ibn ʿĀdil’s Critiques of Zamakhsharī in Theological and Literary Interpretations of the Qur’anic Verses. Biannual Journal of Comparative Exegetical Researches, 7 (14) 145-168. Doi: 10.22091/PTT.2021.5084.1685
Rhetoric of Syntax in the Historical Text Nafsat Al Masdur by Zeydari Nasavi
No full textSyntax refers to the poet's skill in arranging the components of a phrase in a balanced and proportionate manner. The eloquence of a sentence is an essential aspect of artistic expression, particularly in poetry and poetic prose, as well as in any form of word-based art. This refers to the skillful manipulation of sentence components. The syntactic options of any language are the most constrained alternatives. When constructing a sentence, we have the freedom to choose any word in the language to begin our statement. However, this initial decision narrows down the options for succeeding words in the sentence. We engage in this practice because, within the vast array of classes that might be grammatically positioned in this particular category of the speech sequence, certain classes are harmonious with the initial word while others are not. Conversely, syntax is the most adaptable and flexible area of language studies. Generally, prominent Iranian and Islamic rhetoric theorists, such as "Jorjani," focus on both themselves and the subject of syntax, envisioning rhetoric and its impact on the syntactic structures of language. People widely regard Zeydari's book Nafsat Al Masdur as a highly significant work in Persian history and literature. Shahab Zeydari authored this book four years subsequent to his sojourn in Meyafarikîn, during which he acquired knowledge regarding the conclusion of Sultan Jalal al-Din's tenure as complaint lyrics. The book elucidates the challenges that beset the Sultan towards the end of his rule, as well as the author's own tribulations.IntroductionNasavi wrote a cordial missive to a Khorasan noble, in which he expounded on the Tatar invasion of Azerbaijan, the tribulations faced by Sultan Jalal al-Din at the end of his rule, and the contemporary hardships endured. The historical significance of this treatise lies in two aspects: First, the author served as Sultan Jalal al-Din's secretary, allowing him to witness numerous events firsthand. Secondly, the author wrote the treatise from the perspective of the defeated, free from the influence of the dominant political discourse (the Mongols). As a result, it serves as a candid reflection of the events and conveys the genuine sentiments of the author and his fellow countrymen towards the invading forces. Clericalism heavily influences Nafsat Al Masdur, an artificially composed work. It is characterized by an abundance of linguistic and spiritual techniques, as well as an excessive use of Arabic language, literature, poems, traditions, and artificiality. We can attribute this to the prevailing trend of competition in historical writing and clerical prose. During the early 7th century, he effectively utilized the force and authority of his writing. Zeydari’s artistic approach enriches his historical writing in this book, adding depth and complexity to the text. This multi-dimensional reading appeals to historians and holds significance from a variety of literary perspectives. Consequently, in contemporary linguistics, the examination of how rhetoric influences syntax and structure holds significant significance.Literature ReviewAs of now, there has been no autonomous investigation carried out in the Persian language about the rhetorical impact and syntactic organization of artificial prose writings, specifically focusing on the novel Nafsat Al Masdur. This article will begin by examining syntax and its relationship to order and rhetoric. After providing a critical overview of the research background, we will then explore the rhetorical role of syntax in Nafsat Al Masdur’s text. We will accomplish this by presenting examples and taking into account the situational context. We demonstrate the emotive and melodic qualities of Zeydari's words and emphasize the importance of evoking the audience's emotions through the author's skillful use of syntactic structure. This essay presents the results of a syntactic analysis of Persian grammar structure and Georgian rhetoric.MethodologyThe findings of this study, obtained through a descriptive-analytical approach and library data, demonstrate that Zeydari effectively uses syntactic organization for simulations and internal discussion with himself. The arrangement and composition of sentence parts are a rhetorical and stylistic classification. Zeydari employs a distinct rhetorical-stylistic framework through the careful selection, combination, introduction, delay, and syntactic arrangement of words. Zeydari Nasavi has derived the greatest advantage from the conventional structure and organic organization of sentences. This book's author reveals the components of a sentence, which are only comprehensible when the situational context of the text is considered. This study employs document analysis, library studies, and content analysis to gather data. We randomly select the data, evaluating elements in relation to the research title. The research relies on authentic Persian grammar books as the standard for evaluating syntactic structure, while Jurjani's theories serve as the basis for the rhetorical analysis of syntax.ConclusionZeydari's novel Nafsat Al Masdur utilizes diverse structural connections to create a poetic texture that arises from semantic difficulties. Zeydari designs these syntactic patterns to ensure thematic coherence and meet the audience's needs. At the conclusion of each simple or compound sentence, the reader encounters an autonomous significance. The text does not contain antecedents and suffixes, which deviates from the standard norm. Zeydari takes measures to enhance sentence processing and achieve news harmony, aiming to overcome the artificial and poetic nature of the text as well as the presence of abandoned Arabic words. Previously utilized. The excessive length and repetitive nature of sentences and descriptions, as well as the author's tendency to use synonyms or repeat imagery in Nafsat Al Masdur, result in a loss of clarity in sentence meaning. Additionally, the presence of difficult Arabic words, lengthy sentences, and occasional obscenities further contribute to the reader's difficulty in understanding the text. Ideally, the words should align with the intended meaning and flow smoothly. Zeydari Nasavi's primary focus appears to be on engaging with the audience and exerting influence through the medium of "conversation." He employs a considerable array of distinctive and expressive techniques to demonstrate his mastery and dominance in the realm of language by creating unique and captivating visuals. Zeydari has skillfully crafted enduring images by blending many layers of fictional elements, whether in decorative illustrations or in the images that serve as the focal point of reporting and narrating events. This technique effectively communicates his purpose in creating visual representations. Recognizing the influential nature of images, the author incorporates visual elements alongside textual descriptions, resulting in a peculiar and rather challenging reading experience. However, his proposed method for addressing the issue of delayed text is to employ clarity through the use of normal syntax, particularly in the organic arrangement of words when referring to the institution. In addition, he adapts his language to suit the audience's level of comprehension, particularly when using complex and metaphorical vocabulary. He also minimizes the use of non-standard language in order to maintain the integrity of the institutional structure
Measures of co-expression for improved function prediction of long non-coding RNAs
No full textBackground
Almost 16,000 human long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes have been identified in the GENCODE project. However, the function of most of them remains to be discovered. The function of lncRNAs and other novel genes can be predicted by identifying significantly enriched annotation terms in already annotated genes that are co-expressed with the lncRNAs. However, such approaches are sensitive to the methods that are used to estimate the level of co-expression.
Results
We have tested and compared two well-known statistical metrics (Pearson and Spearman) and two geometrical metrics (Sobolev and Fisher) for identification of the co-expressed genes, using experimental expression data across 19 normal human tissues. We have also used a benchmarking approach based on semantic similarity to evaluate how well these methods are able to predict annotation terms, using a well-annotated set of protein-coding genes.
Conclusion
This work shows that geometrical metrics, in particular in combination with the statistical metrics, will predict annotation terms more efficiently than traditional approaches. Tests on selected lncRNAs confirm that it is possible to predict the function of these genes given a reliable set of expression data. The software used for this investigation is freely available.publishedVersion© The Author(s). 2018 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Enhanced identification of significant regulators of gene expression
No full textBackground
Diseases like cancer will lead to changes in gene expression, and it is relevant to identify key regulatory genes that can be linked directly to these changes. This can be done by computing a Regulatory Impact Factor (RIF) score for relevant regulators. However, this computation is based on estimating correlated patterns of gene expression, often Pearson correlation, and an assumption about a set of specific regulators, normally transcription factors. This study explores alternative measures of correlation, using the Fisher and Sobolev metrics, and an extended set of regulators, including epigenetic regulators and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Data on prostate cancer have been used to explore the effect of these modifications.
Results
A tool for computation of RIF scores with alternative correlation measures and extended sets of regulators was developed and tested on gene expression data for prostate cancer. The study showed that the Fisher and Sobolev metrics lead to improved identification of well-documented regulators of gene expression in prostate cancer, and the sets of identified key regulators showed improved overlap with previously defined gene sets of relevance to cancer. The extended set of regulators lead to identification of several interesting candidates for further studies, including lncRNAs. Several key processes were identified as important, including spindle assembly and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
Conclusions
The study has shown that using alternative metrics of correlation can improve the performance of tools based on correlation of gene expression in genomic data. The Fisher and Sobolev metrics should be considered also in other correlation-based applications.publishedVersionOpen Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material
