1,721,516 research outputs found
Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation correlates with E-cadherin mRNA, but not protein expression in epithelial cell populations from mouse ovaries with serous inclusion cysts
No full textOvarian inclusion cysts, thought to be precursor lesions for some epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC), are assumed to form from invagination of ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). We hypothesize inclusion cysts are derived from more than one epithelial source in mice. While rare cortical cysts are possibly derived from OSE invagination, large cysts connected to the ovarian hilus probably arise from dilation of the rete ovarii. We compared E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression with cell proliferation measured by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, in different epithelial cell compartments of ovaries from breeder mice (BR) or female mice subjected to incessant ovulation, at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-months of age. Incessant ovulation was induced by keeping Swiss Webster mice in cages divided by a screen. Epithelial cell samples from the OSE, rete ovarii and cyst epithelia were obtained by laser-capture microdissection from IO ovaries and E-cadherin and ߭actin expression determined by quantitative RT-PCR. E-cadherin protein and BrdU incorporation were measured by immunohistochemistry. Low concentrations of E-cadherin mRNA, but no protein immuno-staining were observed in OSE. Conversely, no E-cadherin mRNA could be detected in rete ovarii, despite strong membrane immuno-staining and similar ?-actin mRNA concentrations to those measured in OSE. High concentrations of E-cadherin and ?-actin mRNA and variable E-cadherin immunoreactivity were measured in inclusion cyst cells. Very few BrdU-labeled cells were observed in rete ovarii at any age, whereas 0.4-0.8% of OSE cells and 1.0-1.2% of cyst cell nuclei incorporated BrdU. We conclude normal rete ovarii cells divide infrequently and have low turnover of E-cadherin protein. OSE cells have higher rates of division and low E-cadherin mRNA expression, but the mRNA is not translated into junctional protein in this mesothelium. Cells lining cystic rete ovarii and cortical cysts have higher rates of proliferation as cysts expand. E-cadherin mRNA expression increases, but many cyst cells lose E-cadherin protein immunoreactivity. E-cadherin expression in this mouse model of ovarian inclusion cyst formation is therefore consistent with changes observed in human ovarian cystadenoma, but this protein cannot be used to determine inclusion cyst cellular origin in mice.Griffith Sciences, School of Natural SciencesNo Full Tex
kConFab: a research resource of Australasian breast cancer families. Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer.
No full textkConFab: a research resource of Australasian breast cancer families. Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer
Analysis of cancer risk and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation prevalence in the kConFab familial breast cancer resource
Full text linkIntroduction The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab) is a multidisciplinary, collaborative framework for the investigation of familial breast cancer. Based in Australia, the primary aim of kConFab is to facilitate high-quality research by amassing a large and comprehensive resource of epidemiological and clinical data with biospecimens from individuals at high risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer, and from their close relatives. Methods Epidemiological family history and lifestyle data, as well as biospecimens, are collected from multiple-case breast cancer families ascertained through family cancer clinics in Australia and New Zealand. We used the Tyrer-Cuzick algorithms to assess the prospective risk of breast cancer in women in the kConFab cohort who were unaffected with breast cancer at the time of enrolment in the study. Results Of kConFab\u27s first 822 families, 518 families had multiple cases of female breast cancer alone, 239 had cases of female breast and ovarian cancer, 37 had cases of female and male breast cancer, and 14 had both ovarian cancer as well as male and female breast cancer. Data are currently held for 11,422 people and germline DNAs for 7,389. Among the 812 families with at least one germline sample collected, the mean number of germline DNA samples collected per family is nine. Of the 747 families that have undergone some form of mutation screening, 229 (31%) carry a pathogenic or splice-site mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Germline DNAs and data are stored from 773 proven carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA1 mutations. kConFab\u27s fresh tissue bank includes 253 specimens of breast or ovarian tissue – both normal and malignant – including 126 from carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Conclusion These kConFab resources are available to researchers anywhere in the world, who may apply to kConFab for biospecimens and data for use in ethically approved, peerreviewed projects. A high calculated risk from the Tyrer-Cuzick algorithms correlated closely with the subsequent occurrence of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation positive families, but this was less evident in families in which no pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation has been detected
Analysis of cancer risk and BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation prevalence in the kConFab familial breast cancer resource
Full text linkINTRODUCTION: The Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab) is a multidisciplinary, collaborative framework for the investigation of familial breast cancer. Based in Australia, the primary aim of kConFab is to facilitate high-quality research by amassing a large and comprehensive resource of epidemiological and clinical data with biospecimens from individuals at high risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer, and from their close relatives. METHODS: Epidemiological, family history and lifestyle data, as well as biospecimens, are collected from multiple-case breast cancer families ascertained through family cancer clinics in Australia and New Zealand. We used the Tyrer-Cuzick algorithms to assess the prospective risk of breast cancer in women in the kConFab cohort who were unaffected with breast cancer at the time of enrolment in the study. RESULTS: Of kConFab's first 822 families, 518 families had multiple cases of female breast cancer alone, 239 had cases of female breast and ovarian cancer, 37 had cases of female and male breast cancer, and 14 had both ovarian cancer as well as male and female breast cancer. Data are currently held for 11,422 people and germline DNAs for 7,389. Among the 812 families with at least one germline sample collected, the mean number of germline DNA samples collected per family is nine. Of the 747 families that have undergone some form of mutation screening, 229 (31%) carry a pathogenic or splice-site mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Germline DNAs and data are stored from 773 proven carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA1 mutations. kConFab's fresh tissue bank includes 253 specimens of breast or ovarian tissue â both normal and malignant â including 126 from carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. CONCLUSION: These kConFab resources are available to researchers anywhere in the world, who may apply to kConFab for biospecimens and data for use in ethically approved, peer-reviewed projects. A high calculated risk from the Tyrer-Cuzick algorithms correlated closely with the subsequent occurrence of breast cancer in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation positive families, but this was less evident in families in which no pathogenic BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation has been detected.Graham J Mann, Heather Thorne, Rosemary L Balleine, Phyllis N Butow, Christine L Clarke, Edward Edkins, Gerda M Evans, Sian Fereday, Eric Haan, Michael Gattas, Graham G Giles, Jack Goldblatt, John L Hopper, Judy Kirk, Jennifer A Leary, Geoffrey Lindeman, Eveline Niedermayr, Kelly-Anne Phillips, Sandra Picken, Gulietta M Pupo, Christobel Saunders, Clare L Scott, Amanda B Spurdle, Graeme Suthers, Kathy Tucker and Georgia Chenevix-Trenc
Risk factors, screening, prophylaxis and outcomes in individuals from breast cancer families: kConFab Follow-Up Study
No full textHaving a strong family history of breast cancer is one of the most important risk factors for the disease. Two major genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2, have been identified which, when abnormal, result in an inherited tendency towards developing breast cancer. Women with a strong family history of breast cancer can undergo testing for these gene abnormalities via Family Cancer Centres around Australia. However, once a gene abnormality is found, little is known about the best ways to prevent cancer or detect it early. The Kathleen Cuningham Consortium for Research into Familial Aspects of Breast Cancer (kConFab) has been recruiting families with exceptionally strong histories of breast cancer since 1997. kConFab is funded to collect epidemiological information and biological specimens on such individuals only at the time of their initial recruitment. In 2000 the NHMRC recognised the importance of undertaking clinical follow-up of this precious cohort of individuals, and provided funding through a 3 year project grant to commence the first round of 3 yearly follow-up on this cohort (NHMRC Project Grant #145684). The first 2 years of this follow-up has been completed successfully and the current is application is for a renewal of funding (to commence in 2004) to enable us to undertake further follow-up of the now much larger cohort. In the short term we will examine the screening and preventive surgery behaviours of high risk women within this study to determine whether they are optimal. The ultimate aim of this long term follow-up of individuals in kConFab is to determine what factors impact on the development of cancer in well individuals with a genetic predisposition to breast cancer.$AUD 510,675.00NHMRC Project GrantsStandard Project Gran
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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