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The competence to conclude treaties in international law and the invalidity of treaties within the scope of article 46 of the Vienna convention on the law of treaties
No full textDevletlerin bir andlaşma ile bağlanma süreçlerinde iç hukuklarında uygulanacak usule ilişkin düzenlemeleri, uluslararası hukuk ile iç hukukun kesiştiği sınırlı alanlardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bununla birlikte devletlerin bu alandaki düzenlemelerinin çeşitli usulleri içerdiği gözlenmektedir. Geleneksel olarak yürütmenin elinde olan andlaşma akdetme yetkisinin demokratikleşme süreçleriyle birlikte yasama ile paylaşılan bir uygulama halini aldığı görülmektedir. Kimi devletlerde bu süreçlere anayasa mahkemeleri veya benzer yetkiyle donatılmış yargı organlarının da dahil olması mümkün olabilir. Hatta halk oylamasından geçmesi öngörülen andlaşma akdetme usulleri de mevcuttur. İç hukukta öngörülen bu kuralların ihlal edilmesi yoluyla bir uluslararası andlaşmaya taraf olan devlet, andlaşmanın geçersizliğini 1969 Viyana Andlaşmalar Hukuku Sözleşmesi’nin (VAHS) 46. maddesine dayanarak ileri sürebilir. Uluslararasıcılık ile anayasalcılığı bağdaştırıcı bir çözüm sunar gibi gözüken bu hüküm, gerçekte son derece zor ve istisnaî bir uygulamaya sahiptir. Gerek devletlerin andlaşma akdetme konusundaki kurallarının karmaşık olması gerekse genel bir sınıflandırmayı zorlaştıracak kadar çeşitli olması, konuyu daha da çetrefilli hale getirmektedir. Bu çalışma, ilgili hükmün hazırlık çalışmaları, kapsamı ve sınırlarını ayrıntılı bir biçimde incelemektedir. Çalışmada ayrıca, VAHS’nin hazırlık çalışmalarında da en tartışmalı konulardan biri olan bu geçersizlik gerekçesinin neden son derece istisnaî ve ileri sürüldüğünde başarı şansının zayıf olduğu değerlendirilmiştir. Bunların yanında, bu hükmün şu anda akademik çevrelerde tartışılmakta olan andlaşmalardan çekilmeye ilişkin kurallara benzer şekilde uygulanabilirliği de ele alınmıştır.The regulations governing the domestic procedures that states are to follow in their processes regarding the conclusion of a treaty represent one of the limited areas where international law intersects with domestic law. Nonetheless, the regulations in this area include various procedures. The power to conclude treaties, traditionally vested in the executive, has become a practice shared with the legislature in line with democratization processes. Constitutional courts or judicial bodies with similar powers may be able to be involved in these processes in some states. Other states even have treatyconcluding procedures that require a referendum. If a state becomes a party to an international treaty in violation these rules of domestic law, it may invoke the treaty’s invalidity under Article 46 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT). While this provision may seem to challenge both internationalism and constitutionalism, its practical application proves to be extremely difficult and rare. Both the complexity of states’ rules on treaty-making and their diverse nature further complicates the matter to the extent that a general categorization becomes challenging. The study delves into the development, scope, and limitations of the relevant provision in VCLT and analyzes why this ground of invalidity, which was one of the most controversial issues in the preparatory work of the VCLT, is highly exceptional and unlikely to succeed if invoked. In addition, this study addresses the applicability of this provision to the rules on withdrawal from treaties that are currently under discussion in academia.WOS:001155134000003Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)ArticleUluslararası işbirliği ile yapılmayan -HAYIRYÖK- 2023-24Aralı
The Queen, God bless her [music] : patriotic song /
No full textN & Co. 361 (Publisher number). For voice and piano.; Caption title.; Pl no.: N & Co. 361.; "Sung with great success by the late Mr. Gladstone Wright, on the occasion of the Jubilee of Her Majesty the Queen"--Cover.; Portrait of Queen Victoria on cover.; Also available online http://nla.gov.au/nla.mus-vn4515127
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The stress-strain response of nanocrystalline metals: A quantized crystal plasticity approach
No full textThis paper develops a finite element-based model with quantized crystal plasticity (QCP) to study distinctive features of nanocrystalline (nc) metal behavior, including an enhanced flow, stress, extended plastic transition strain and propensityfor strain localization. The QCP feature is motivated by molecular dynamics simulations of dislocation loop propagation across nc grains, showing that the grain-averaged plastic strain jumps by discrete amounts. Further, a simple geometric analysis suggests that the magnitude of the jumps is similar to 1/grain size, thereby incorporating a grain size effect. QCP simulations of 1000-grain polycrystals can reproduce the unique experimental stress-strain features of nc metals, but only if the probability density distribution for a slip event increases abruptly at a threshold stress similar to 1/grain size. Possible explanations for such a unique signature are discussed in terms of dislocation loop expansion conditions that become important in the nc limit. (c) 2008 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.X114643sciescopu
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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