127 research outputs found
Articulations clinique-recherche: autour de la psychopathologie et de la psychiatrie
No full textUn des objectifs du Centre de recherches en santé et développement psychologique (CSDP) de l'Université catholique de Louvain (UCL) est de promouvoir les échanges et les collaborations entre chercheurs et cliniciens. Cet ouvrage publie les premiers travaux du Centre sur cette thématique. Les six chapitres publiés montrent plusieurs articulations possibles entre les pratiques cliniques et de recherche. Ils amènent à réfléchir sur la nature des potentielles relations entre approches cliniques et démarches de recherche.
Nous avons cherché à évaluer comment des hypothèses issues de travaux empiriques peuvent se mettre en place sur le terrain, et inversement, comment les cliniciens à partir de leur pratique peuvent interroger les chercheurs pour mettre en place des projets de recherche. En d’autres termes, il s’agissait de construire des « ponts à double voie » entre la recherche et la pratique clinique, ceux-ci étant synthétisés et discutés en conclusion de l’ouvrag
Resilience and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity under acute stress in young men.
No full textThe present study examined the relationship between resilience (measured using the Resilience Scale for Adults) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. We examined the subjective and cortisol responses of 28 healthy young men to an acute stressor (public speech task). Eight saliva samples were collected in order to obtain the response curve (anticipation, reactivity, recuperation) for each subject. ANOVA indicated that highly resilient individuals tended to display less mood deterioration than less resilient individuals (marginal p(time x group interaction) = 0.075). They also revealed that the former tended to secrete less cortisol overall than the latter during the experiment (marginal p(main group effect) = 0.087) but this effect was not uniform across time (p(time x group interaction) = 0.029). Additional analyses performed to identify the source of this interaction revealed that resilience moderates cortisol secretion in anticipation of the stressor (i.e. highly resilient individuals secreted less cortisol than less resilient ones, p = 0.05) but that it is not conductive to lower HPA reactivity amidst stress (i.e. there was no difference between groups in the increase in cortisol secretion from baseline to peak). The recovery slopes were likewise not statistically different. The implications of these findings regarding health are discussed.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Quand le psychologue rencontre systématiquement le patient : quelle place pour une demande personnelle ? Expérience auprès de patients atteints d’un cancer
No full textL’analyse de la demande constitue une démarche essentielle en psychologie clinique. Le patient se doit d’être investi dans le désir de cette rencontre. À l’hôpital général, il en est autrement: la demande d’intervention émane principalement de l’équipe médicale. Le patient consulte dans le but de traiter une maladie somatique. Ainsi, il n’est généralement pas demandeur d’une prise en charge psychologique. Toutefois, l’annonce d’un diagnostic de cancer a des conséquences sur l’équilibre psychique du patient. La démarche systématique permet éventuellement au malade de susciter une demande d’intervention psychologique. À travers cette approche, créons-nous de la demande ou permettons-nous à celle-ci d’émerger
Face processing in chronic alcoholism: a specific deficit for emotional features.
No full textIt is well established that chronic alcoholism is associated with a deficit in the decoding of emotional facial expression (EFE). Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether this deficit is specifically for emotions or due to a more general impairment in visual or facial processing. This study was designed to clarify this issue using multiple control tasks and the subtraction method.Comparative StudyJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tFLWINinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Relationship between alexithymia, alexithymia factors and salivary cortisol in men exposed to a social stress test.
No full textThe fact that alexithymia is associated with several medical and psychiatric disorders suggests that it may be a vulnerability factor for various diseases, possibly by enhancing stress responses. To test this "alexithymia-stress hypothesis", we measured the influence of alexithymia and alexithymia subfactors on the cortisol response to an acute stressor.Clinical TrialJournal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
The role of alexithymia factors in glucose control of persons with type 1 diabetes: a pilot study.
No full textTo clarify the respective contribution of demographic characteristics, health conditions and three psychological variables (depression, anxiety, alexithymia) for glycaemic control measured by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
The predictive and incremental validity of Trait Emotional Intelligence regarding the Subjective and Cortisol Responses to a Laboratory Stressor
No full textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Absolute and relative stability of alexithymia in alcoholic inpatients undergoing alcohol withdrawal: relationship to depression and anxiety.
No full textTo evaluate whether alexithymia in alcohol-dependent patients is a personality trait or a state-dependent phenomenon related to depression and anxiety, we evaluated absolute stability (the extent to which alexithymia scores change over time) and relative stability (the extent to which relative differences among individuals remain the same over time) of alexithymia during alcohol withdrawal. Seventy alcohol-dependent inpatients were assessed for alexithymia, depression and anxiety with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory at the onset of withdrawal, after 2 days and 2 weeks. Paired t-tests and correlational analyses were performed to evaluate absolute and relative stability of alexithymia and hierarchical regression analyses to assess whether alexithymia was related to anxiety and depression. Alexithymia decreased significantly from onset to end of withdrawal, but two of its three subfactors remained stable. Alexithymia scores at onset correlated significantly with scores at end, after partialling out the effects of depression and anxiety. In conclusion, the relative stability of alexithymia contrasting with large decreases in depression and anxiety during alcohol withdrawal supports the view that alexithymia is a stable personality trait rather than a state-dependent phenomenon.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Microbiome and substances of abuse.
No full textThere is a growing amount of evidence showing a reciprocal relation between the gut microbiota and the brain. Substance use disorders (SUD), which are a major cause of preventable morbidity and mortality worldwide, have an influence on the gut microbiota and on the gut-brain axis. The communication between the microbiota and the brain exists through different pathways: (1) the immune response elicited by bacterial products, coupled with alterations of the intestinal barrier allowing these products to enter the bloodstream, (2) the direct and indirect effects of bacterial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) or tryptophan on the brain, (3) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, whose peripheral afferents can be influenced by the microbiota, and can in turn activate microglia. Among substances of abuse, alcohol has been the subject of the greatest number of studies in this field. In some but not all patients suffering from alcohol-use-disorder (AUD), alcohol alters the composition of the gut microbiota and the permeability of the intestinal barrier, directly and through dysbiosis. It has also been well demonstrated that alcohol induces a peripheral inflammation; it is still unclear whether it induces a central inflammation, as there are contradictory results in human studies. In animal studies, it has been shown that neuroinflammation increases during alcohol withdrawal. Literature on opioids and stimulants is less numerous. Chronic morphine intake induces dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability and a probable neuroinflammation, which could explain symptoms such as tolerance, hyperalgesia and deficit in reward behavior. Cocaine induces a dysbiosis and conversely the microbiome can modulate the behavioral response to stimulant drugs. Tobacco cessation is associated with an increase in microbiota diversity. Taken together, the findings of our narrative literature review suggest a bidirectional influence in the pathogenesis of substance use disorders
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