1,720,957 research outputs found
Aerobic intensity and pacing pattern during the six-minute walk test in patients with multiple sclerosis
No full textOBJECTIVE: To examine the aerobic intensity level and pacing pattern during the 6-min walk test (6MWT) in persons with multiple sclerosis, taking into account time of day, fatigue, disability level and multiple sclerosis subtype.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
Subjects/patients: Eighty multiple sclerosis patients (Expanded Disability Status Scale, EDSS ≤ 6.5).
METHODS: Participants performed the 6MWT at 3 different time-points (morning, noon, afternoon) during 1 day. Heart rate and pacing strategy (distance covered every minute) were registered. A sub-group analysis determined the effects of fatigue, disability level and multiple sclerosis subtype.
RESULTS: The relative aerobic intensity was constant throughout the day (67 ± 10% of estimated maximal heart rate). In all sub-groups heart rate increased and distance walked declined after the first minute (p < 0.001). The mild EDSS sub-group showed a slightly larger increase throughout the 6MWT in heart rate development, while no differences were seen in sub-groups of fatigue and multiple sclerosis subtype. In most sub-groups walking speed was fastest in the first minute and constant during the final 4 minutes.
CONCLUSION: In patients with multiple sclerosis aerobic intensity is moderate during the 6MWT and unaffected by time of day. Disability may have some influence on aerobic intensity, but not on pacing strategy during the 6MWT, whereas neither fatigue nor multiple sclerosis subtype has any effect.The following 6 data-collecting out-patient centres, being REVAL
Research Institute, BIOMED University of Hasselt and PHL, Belgium
(n=20) and Hospital de Dia de Barcelona, Spain (n=7) and in-patient
centres being Masku Neurological Rehabilitation Center, Masku, Finland
(n=12); The Danish MS Hospital in Ry, Denmark (n=22); Center Neurologique et de Réadaptation Fonctionelle, Fraiture-en-Condroz, Belgium
(n=14); Rehabilitation and MS Center Overpelt, Belgium (n=5) are
acknowledged for their great effort. The RIMS network (www.eurims.org)
is acknowledged for facilitating inter European consultation and testing.
Sources of funding: DG, who coordinated most of the data collection, is
recipient of a PhD Fellowship from the Research Foundation Flanders
(FWO). The FWO is thanked for their Research Grant to PF, the Belgian
Charcot Foundation for Equipment Grants
Within-day variability on short and long walking tests in persons with multiple sclerosis
No full textObjective: To compare within-day variability of short (10 mwalking test at usual and fastest speed; 10MWT) and long (2 and 6-minute walking test; 2MWT/6MWT) tests in persons with multiple sclerosis.
Design: Observational study.
Setting: MS rehabilitation and research centers in Europe and US within RIMS (European network for best practice and research in MS rehabilitation).
Subjects: Ambulatory persons with MS (Expanded Disability Status Scale 0–6.5).
Intervention: Subjects of different centers performed walking tests at 3 time points during a single day.
Main measures: 10MWT, 2MWT and 6MWT at fastest speed and 10MWT at usual speed.
Ninety-five percent limits of agreement were computed using a random effects model with individual pwMS as random effect. Following this model, retest scores are with 95% certainty within these limits of baseline scores.
Results: In 102 subjects,within-day variability was constant in absolute units for the 10MWT, 2MWT and 6MWT at fastest speed (+/−0.26, 0.16 and 0.15 m/s respectively, corresponding to +/−19.2 m and +/−54 mfor the 2MWT and 6MWT) independent on the severity of ambulatory dysfunction. This implies a greater relative variability
with increasing disability level, often above 20% depending on the applied test. The relative within-day variability of the 10MWT at usual speed was +/−31% independent of ambulatory function.
Conclusions: Absolute values of within-day variability on walking tests at fastest speed were independent of disability level and greater with short compared to long walking tests. Relative within-day variability remained overall constant when measured at usual speed.The study was unfunded. The RIMS European network of MS centers (http://www.euRIMS.org) is acknowledged for facilitating collaboration. We thank participants from Hospital de Dia de Barcelona, CEMCat (ES); Mellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic (USA); Masku Neurological Rehabilitation Center (H); MS Centers in Ry and Haslev (DE); BIOMED-REVAL, Hasselt University, National MS Center, Melsbroek, Center Neurologique et de Readaptation Fonctionelle, Fraiture-en-Condroz, and Rehabilitation and MS Center Overpelt, all in Belgium. Domien Gijbels received a PhD Fellowship from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and is acknowledged for coordinating the study
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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