1,720,987 research outputs found
TRIBE: Trust revision for information based on evidence
No full textIn recent years, the number of information sources available to support decision-making has increased dramatically. However, more information sources do not always mean higher precision in the fused information. This is partially due to the fact that some of these sources may be erroneous or malicious. Therefore, it is critical to asses the trust in information before performing fusion. To estimate trust in information, existing approaches use trustworthiness of its source as a proxy. We argue that conflicts between information may also serve as evidence to reduce trust in information. In this paper, we use subjective opinions to represent information from diverse sources. We propose to exploit conflicts between opinions to revise their trustworthiness. For this purpose, we formalise trust revision as a constraint optimisation problem. Through extensive empirical studies, we show that our approach significantly outperform existing ones in the face of malicious information sources.</p
Competitive influence maximisation using voting dynamics
No full textWe identify optimal strategies for maximising influence within a social network in competitive settings under budget constraints. While existing work has focussed on simple threshold models, we consider more realistic settings, where (i) states are dynamic, i.e., nodes oscillate between influenced and uninfluenced states, and (ii) continuous amounts of resources (e.g., incentives or effort) can be expended on the nodes. We propose a mathematical model using voting dynamics to characterise optimal strategies in a prototypical star topology against known and unknown adversarial strategies. In cases where the adversarial strategy is unknown, we characterise the Nash Equilibrium. To generalise the work further, we introduce a fixed cost incurred to gain access to nodes, together with the dynamic cost proportional to the influence exerted on the nodes, constrained by the same budget. We observe that, as the cost changes, the system interpolates between the historic discrete and the current continuous case
Learning service semantics for self-organization in distributed environments: concepts and research directions
No full textA key challenge in performing analytics in distributed environments is to automatically compose services to dynamically match operational tasks to information requirements, accounting for impact, in a many-to-many temporally and spatially complicated and complex situations. In dynamic and agile environments, such as coalition environments, the state of the network and resources cannot be completely known in advance nor controlled due to the evolving nature of the network and constraints that may preclude partners from accessing complete state information about different parts of the system. In addition, there may be requests made to the system that have not been made before, requiring services to be created on the fly. Motivated by these observations, in this paper, we present a critical analysis of gaps in the state-of-the-art and our vision to address those through novel theoretical contributions. We envision that such formalized and theorized fundamentals will enable service elements to automatically configure themselves to perform analytic tasks based on user specified goals by taking account of context-be it system or user context.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Obfuscation of Semantic Data: Restricting the Spread of Sensitive Information
No full textAbstract. This paper investigates how to restrict the spread of sensitive informa-tion. This work is situated in a military context, and provides a tractable method to decide what semantic information to share, with whom, and how. The latter de-cision is supported by obfuscation, where a related concept or fact may be shared instead of the original. We consider uncertain information, and utilize Subjective Logic as an underlying formalism to further obfuscate concepts, and reason about obfuscated concepts
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
