1,720,962 research outputs found
Topiramate, Naltrexone, and Acamprosate in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders
No full textPharmacological treatments for Alcohol Use Disorders (AUDs) are effective, especially in combination with other behavioral or psychosocial interventions. Acamprosate is useful to maintain abstinence in patient with late-onset alcoholism and relief craving, patients suffering from cognitive dysfunction and patients with comorbid somatic pathology. Naltrexone is effective to maintain abstinence in alcoholic patient with reward craving and with a high amount of Heavy Drinking Days. Topiramate shows a greater beneficial effect in subjects with a typology of craving characterized by drinking obsessions and automaticity of drinking
Efficacy and safety of 24-week pramipexole augmentation in patients with treatment resistant depression. A retrospective cohort study
No full textPramipexole is a dopamine agonist with potential antidepressant, neuroprotective, antioxidant and antiinflammatory activity. In the present study we investigated the 24 weeks effect and safety of traditional AD augmentation with pramipexole for treatment-resistant depression. The study includes 116 patients, 37 (32%) with bipolar disorders and 79 (68%) with major depressive disorder, who failed to respond to at least 2 ADs trials of different classes and that were treated with AD augmented with pramipexole. Mood stabilizers and/or second-generation antipsychotics were added in patients with bipolar or mixed depression. Exclusion criteria were psychotic depression, rapid cycling bipolar course and previous unsuccessful treatment with pramipexole. After 24 weeks of pramipexole augmentation (median max dose 1.05 mg/day, IQR 0.72-1.08) 74.1% of patients responded (>= 50% reduction of baseline Hamilton Depression Rating Scale21 total score) and 66.4% remitted (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale21 total score < 7). Global Assessment of Functioning score significantly increase from 53 (50-60) at baseline to 80 (71-81) at 24 weeks (Wilcoxon signed rank test = 8.174, p < 0.001]. Ten patients (8.6%) dropped out (8 due to side effects and 2 for lack of efficacy) and 1 experienced an induced hypomanic switch. No patient committed a suicide attempt, had suicidal ideation, needed hospitalization, reported lethargy, gambling, hypersexuality and compulsive shopping. The limitations of the study are the observational design, the lack of a control group, the inclusion of outpatients only, the unblinded outcomes assessment, and the flexibility of the add-on schedule. The findings of the present study showed that off-label use of pramipexole as augmentation of traditional AD is an effective and safe 24 weeks treatment of resistant unipolar and bipolar depression. These results need confirmation from randomized clinical trials on larger samples
Editorial: The glutamate hypothesis of mood disorders: Neuroplasticity processes, clinical features, treatment perspectives
No full textIs there a relationship between depression with anxious distress DSM-5 specifier and bipolarity? A multicenter cohort study on patients with unipolar, bipolar I and II disorders
No full textBackground: To estimate the prevalence of DSM-5 anxious distress specifier (ADS) in depressed patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar I or II disorder (BD), and to compare socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and response to naturalistic short-term treatment between ADS and non-ADS group. Methods: 241 outpatients with a major depressive episode (MDE) were consecutively recruited. Outcome were remission (HDRS21 total score < 7), response (≥50% reduction of baseline HDRS21) and improvement (CGI-i score ≤ 2) after 12 weeks of treatment sustained for 4 weeks. Results: ADS was more frequent in BD than in MDD (respectively, 66.9% and 51.2%, χ2 = 6.1, p = 0.013). Compared with those non-ADS, patients with ADS had more severe depressive (respectively, HDRS21 total score 20.0 ± 4.4 and 18.6 ± 3.9, t-test = 2.67, p = 0.008) and mania symptoms (respectively, Y-MRS total score 2.2 ± 2.9 and 1.3 ± 2.3, M–W-test = 2.86; p = 0.004) at intake, a higher rate of BD family history (respectively, 35.2% and 22.2%, Χ2-test 10.4, p = 0.004) and more previous hypomanic episodes (respectively, (median (range) 0 (0–20) and 0 (0–15), MW-test = 2.39 p = 0.017). In the MDD group, patients with ADS had higher scores on hyperthymic temperament and mania symptoms (Y-MRS total score (median (range) 2.2 (0–26) and 0 (0–11), respectively, M–W test 2.071, p = 0.038). ADS and no-ADS patients did not significantly differ on outcome measures. Limitations: The observational nature of the study and the absence of blinding in outcome assessment. Conclusions: ADS is the most common DSM-5 specifier for MDE, is more frequent in BD and need a personalized treatment with moderate use of antidepressants, mostly tricyclic
Pramipexole Augmentation for Treatment-Resistant Unipolar Depression Not Responding to Aripiprazole Augmentation
No full textBackground: At least 50% of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) fail to respond to antidepressant augmentation with aripiprazole (AA), currently the augmentation strategy with the best evidence of efficacy. The present observational study investigated whether pramipexole augmentation (PA) might be useful for patients who failed AA. Methods: We compared the short- and long-term effectiveness and safety of PA in 81 consecutively recruited unipolar patients with TRD, 58 (71.6%) not previously treated with AA (UAA) and 23 (28.4%) who previously failed AA (FAA). Results: The FAA and UAA groups did not differ significantly in terms of remission, response, improvement, and general functioning at 12 and 24 weeks and in terms of freedom from relapse at 12 and 24 months. The response rates at 24 weeks were 69.6% (n = 16) and 77.6% (n = 45), and the remission rates were 60.9% (n = 14) and 74.1% (n = 43), respectively. The rates of sustained response at 24 months were 72.7% (n = 8) and 84.2% (n = 16), respectively. The 2 groups did not differ significantly on safety outcomes (acceptability, tolerability, suicidality and suicide attempts) in the short and long term. Conclusions: Our study showed that the off-label use of PA may be a promising treatment for patients with unipolar TRD who had previously failed respond to AA. The present findings are preliminary and should be interpreted with caution due to study limitations, including the flexibility of the add-on schedule and the small sample size of patients followed up for 12 and 24 months, and need to be confirmed in larger studies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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