1,721,275 research outputs found
Antibioticumgebruik bij paarden: Uitkomsten van een survey onder dierenartspraktijken over de jaren 2012 t/m 2014
No full textVierentwintig dierenartspraktijken hebben hun inkoopcijfers (uitsluitend paardenpraktijken) dan wel prescriptieregels (gemengde praktijken) over 2012, 2013 en 2014 beschikbaar gesteld. Op basis van deze gegevens is voor de patiëntenpopulatie van deze praktijken berekend hoe hoog het antibioticumgebruik in de paardensector is. Het gebruik bij paarden is laag en nam over de jaren 2012 tot en met 2014 met 24% af van 0,735 naar 0,562 DDDA. Dit betekent dat een gemiddeld paard in Nederland op basis van de getallen van 2014 5,6 dagen per 10 jaar behandeld werd met antibiotica. Het grootste deel van de in 2014 bij paarden toegepaste middelen waren eerste keuze middelen (85,1%). Twaalf en een half procent waren tweede keuze middelen en het aandeel derde keuze middelen was slechts 2,5%. Het gebruik van derde keuze antibiotica is met 68% gedaald van 0,040 DDDA in 2012 naar 0,013 DDDA in 2014. Eenentwintig procent van de onderzochte praktijken gebruikte in 2014 zelfs helemaal geen derde keuze middelen. Hiermee is het aandeel derde keuze middelen welke toegepast wordt bij paarden laag. Alle praktijken hebben een laag antibioticumgebruik. De verschillen tussen de praktijken zijn wel relatief groot (spreiding van gemiddelde DDDA over de 3 jaar: 0,168 – 1,190). De in deze studie opgenomen praktijken hebben allen een eigen specifiek profiel hetgeen de onderlinge verschillen zeker voor een deel kan verklaren. De praktijken variëren van echte eerstelijns paardenpraktijken tot praktijken met uitgebreide opnamemogelijkheden voor paarden en intensieve zorg voor ernstig zieke patiënten waarbij een iets hoger antibioticumgebruik verwacht kan worden. Naar schatting omvat de totale paardenpopulatie in Nederland 450.000 dieren (gebaseerd op gegevens van de Sectorraad Paarden, 2014). Op basis hiervan is berekend dat het antibioticumgebruik in de paardensector maximaal 20,6% van het verschil tussen verkochte antibiotica en de reeds verantwoorde antibiotica (op basis van onderzoek in andere gemonitorde sectoren en op basis van diersoort specifieke registratiegegevens van bepaalde antibiotica) kan verklaren. Het antibioticumgebruik en het gebruik van derde keuze middelen bij paarden is laag. Het SDa-expertpanel concludeert dat het op basis van deze gegevens niet nodig is om voor de paardensector tot continue monitoring over te gaan. In lijn met deze conclusie is het ook niet voor de hand liggend om de dierenartsenpraktijken te benchmarken. Het is zinvoller om een soort gelijke survey, zoals in dit rapport beschreven, over 3 jaar te herhalen om eventuele veranderingen in gebruik te beschrijven
A retrospective analysis of the risk factors for surgical site infections and long-term follow-up after transpalpebral enucleation in horses
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Implants are often used to improve the cosmetic appearance of horses after enucleation of the eye. When surgical site infection (SSI) occurs, the implant will almost always be lost. The aim of this study is to collect data on the risk factors for SSIs and report long-term follow-up (cosmetic results and return to work) after transpalpebral enucleations. In this retrospective study, records of horses undergoing transpalpebral enucleation were reviewed (2007-2014) and telephone interviews were used to obtain long term follow-up. The potential risk factors for SSIs (indication for enucleation, use of an implant, standing procedures, duration of surgery, opening of the conjunctival sac and prolonged use of antimicrobials) were analysed for their association with the outcome measure 'SSI' vs 'no SSI' by multivariable binary logistic regression testing. Indications for enucleation were grouped as follows: Group 1 (clean) included equine recurrent uveitis, too small or too large globes, and intraocular tumours, Group 2 (non-clean) included corneal perforation/rupture and infected ulcers and Group 3 (tumour) included extraocular tumours. RESULTS: One hundred and seven cases of enucleation were evaluated. An implant was used in 49 horses. The overall number of SSIs was 8 (7.5%). Multivariable logistic regression testing showed implants (OR 7.5, P = 0.04) and standing procedures (OR 12.1; P = 0.03) were significantly associated with the percentage of SSIs and increased the risk of SSI. The eyes of horses in Groups 2 and 3 trended towards a larger risk for developing SSIs (OR 4.9; P = 0.09 and OR 5.9; P = 0.1, respectively). Prolonged use of antimicrobials, long surgery times and the opening of the conjunctival sac during dissection did not show significant associations with SSI risk. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of SSI after enucleation is low in clean eyes and when no implant is used. Placing an implant or performing a standing enucleation significantly increases the risk of SSIs. Although implants can be used for eyes that fall into Groups 2 and 3, 17% of the horses in these two groups developed an SSI leading to loss of the implant
Diagnosis, treatment and outcome of cranial nuchal bursitis in 30 horses
Get PDFBackground No large retrospective case series describing the treatment and outcomes following diagnosis of cranial nuchal bursitis have been published. Objective To describe the clinical presentation, diagnostic techniques, treatment and outcome of horses suffering from cranial nuchal bursitis and to determine their outcome after medical or surgical treatment. Study design Retrospective case series. Methods Medical records (1990–2014) of two referral centres were reviewed for signalment, diagnostic features, method of treatment (medical, surgical or both) and outcome. Results The median age of horses was 13 years (range 5–22 years) and follow‐up time ranged from 12 to 108 months. Fourteen horses were treated medically and 20 horses were treated surgically. Of those horses treated medically, four horses had recurrence of clinical signs requiring subsequent surgical treatment. Overall, 41.7% of horses had recurrence of clinical signs following treatment and 66.7% of horses were able to return to their previous level of exercise. Five horses underwent more than one surgical procedure due to recurrence of clinical signs. Of those horses treated solely surgically, 28.6% of the horses had recurrence of clinical signs and 78.6% returned to their previous level of exercise. Of those horses treated solely medically, 33.3% had recurrence of clinical signs and 66.7% returned to their previous level of exercise. Of those horses treated surgically following failed medical management, 100% had recurrence of clinical signs and 25% returned to their previous level of exercise. Main limitations Retrospective design with small sample number. Conclusions Nuchal bursitis can be successfully managed with either medical or surgical treatment. Prognosis for return to work tends to be worse in horses requiring surgical intervention following failed medical management
Systematic pain assessment in horses
Get PDFAccurate recognition and quantification of pain in horses is imperative for adequate pain management. The past decade has seen a much needed surge in formal development of systematic pain assessment tools for the objective monitoring of pain in equine patients. This narrative review describes parameters that can be used to detect pain in horses, provides an overview of the various pain scales developed (visual analogue scales, simple descriptive scales, numerical rating scales, time budget analysis, composite pain scales and grimace scales), and highlights their strengths and weaknesses for potential clinical implementation. The available literature on the use of each pain assessment tool in specific equine pain states (laminitis, lameness, acute synovitis, post-castration, acute colic and post-abdominal surgery) is discussed, including any problems with sensitivity, reliability or scale validation as well as translation of results to other clinical pain states. The review considers future development and further refinement of currently available equine pain scoring systems
Nichtlineare dynamische Berechnungen zum Penetrationsverhalten des AVR-Reaktorgebäudes
No full textDie Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH (KFA) plant den Umbau des AVR-Reaktors zu einer Prozesswärmeanlage. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen lag auf der Erarbeitung des Konzeptes für Umbau, Feststellung des derzeitigen Zustandes der Anlage und der Sicherheitstechnik
Quantitative motor unit action potential analysis of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoideus and biceps femoris muscles in adult Royal Dutch sport horses
Get PDFREASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Reference values for quantitative electromyography (QEMG) in shoulder and hindlimb muscles of horses are limited.\n\nOBJECTIVES: To determine normative data on QEMG analysis of supraspinatus (SS), infraspinatus (IS), deltoideus (DT) and biceps femoris (BF) muscles.\n\nSTUDY DESIGN: Experimental observational study and retrospective case series.\n\nMETHODS: Seven adult healthy Royal Dutch sport horses underwent quantitative motor unit action potential analysis of each muscle using commercial electromyography equipment. Measurements were made according to published methods. One-way ANOVA was used to compare quantitative motor unit action potential variables between muscles, with post hoc testing according to Bonferroni, with significance set at P15% polyphasic motor unit action potentials in SS and IS muscles.\n\nCONCLUSIONS: Differences between muscles should be taken into account when performing QEMG in order to be able to distinguish normal horses from horses with suspected neurogenic or myogenic disorders. These normal data provide the basis for objective QEMG assessment of shoulder and hindlimb muscles. Quantitative electromyography appears to be helpful in diagnosing neuropathies and discriminating these from myopathies
Equine keratomycosis in the Netherlands from 2007 to 2017 28 cases: Voorjaarsdagen 2017 - Equine short communications (BEVA and Xcellent Horse Insurance Award)
No full textEQUINE KERATOMYCOSIS IN THE NETHERLANDS FROM 2007 TO 2017 (28 CASES) Equine keratomycosis or fungal keratitis is a relatively common sight-threatening corneal disease in horses, particularly in warm, humid climates. Clinical manifestation includes corneal ulceration with or without corneal melting, microerosions, fungal plaque and stromal abscess. Aim of the study To determine clinical signs, diagnostic methods, predominant fungal isolates, treatment modalities and outcome of horses with keratomycosis in the Netherlands. Material and Methods Records of horses presented to the University of Utrecht, Equine Department suspected with keratomycosis between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed for this retrospective study. Information retrieved from the records included breed, ophthalmic examination findings, further diagnostics, treatment prior to and following presentation, and outcome. Results 28 Horses were suspected with keratomycosis by ophthalmic examination over a 10 year time period. No breed predilection was apparent. All horses had received either topical antibiotics or topical corticosteroids pre-referral. Ophthalmic examination showed corneal edema without ulceration (1/28), cornea ulceration (12/28; Fig 1.) or stromal abscess (15/28; Fig 2.). In 13 cases only a presumptive diagnosis was made by the ophthalmic findings of which 12/13 cases had a stromal abscess with an intact epithelium. In 15 cases keratomycosis was confirmed by fungal culture (13/15) and/or cytology (8/15). Aspergillus spp. was the most common isolate (92%). Treatment consisted of medication only (50%), medical combined with surgical treatment (32%), enucleation (11%) or euthanasia (7%). Miconazole was the topical antifungal medication utilized in all cases (100%). Globe retention was 88% (23/26). All cases that had follow-up available (12/26) developed corneal scarring (Fig 3). Conclusion Keratomycosis should be considered in horses presenting with keratitis (corneal edema, corneal ulceration and stromal abscess) in the Netherlands, with Aspergillus spp. being the most common isolate. It is a serious condition that commonly results in corneal ulceration and even corneal perforation, with loss of the globe. Definitive diagnosis of ulcerative keratomycosis depends on a positive fungal culture or identification of fungal hyphae on corneal cytology but is not always feasible due to the depth of the lesion (e.g. stromal abscess)
Retrospective evaluation of treatment of horses with colic over a period of 15 years
Get PDFColic is a common reason for both veterinary consultation and death in horses and to help decision making in such cases recent data on the outcome of treatment and identification of prognostic indicators is important. Patient records of all horses with colic admitted to the internal medicine section of a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) between November 2012 and October 2013 were reviewed. Age, heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (BLa), packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) count and blood pH at admission, treatment and outcome were recorded. Results were compared to those obtained at the same institution during 2006-2007 and 1999-2000. During the present study period 867 horses were admitted and 311 (36%) of these were admitted for colic, 207/311 (67%) of these horses were treated medically, 67/311 (22%) surgically and 37/311 (12%) were euthanized on admission. The short-term survival, defined as discharge from the hospital, for surgically treated colic cases was 60%, while the survival for medically treated cases was 86%. When all colic cases were analysed together HR (P 1.5 mmol/L), heart rate (>60bpm), PCV (>42%), acidosis (pH<7.35) and small intestinal lesions were associated with increased odds of death. The number of horses admitted to the VTH was considerably lower during 2006-2007 compared to 1999-2000, but remained more or less constant from 2006-2007 until 2012-2013, as did the percentage of colic horses. The percentage of colic cases treated surgically has decreased slightly and the percentage of horses euthanized on admission increased slightly. Increased blood lactate concentration, heart rate, PCV, acidosis and small intestinal lesions were associated with increased risk of non-survival
Retrospective evaluation of 155 adult equids and 21 foals with tetanus in Western, Northern, and Central Europe (2000–2014). Part 1: Description of history and clinical evolution
Get PDFObjective – To describe clinical data of hospitalized adult equids and foals with tetanus.Design – Multicenter retrospective study (2000–2014).Setting – Twenty Western, Northern, and Central European university teaching hospitals and private referralcenters.Animals – One hundred fifty-five adult equids (>6 months) and 21 foals (<6 months) with tetanus.Interventions – None.Measurements and Main Results – Information on geographic, annual and seasonal data, demographic- andmanagement-related data, clinical history, clinical examination and blood analysis on admission, complications,treatments, and outcomes were described and statistically compared between adults and foals. The describedcases were often young horses. In 4 adult horses, tetanus developed despite appropriate vaccination and in2 foals despite preventive tetanus antitoxin administration at birth. Castration, hoof abscesses, and woundswere the most common entry sites for adults; umbilical cord infections and wounds for foals. Stiffness wasthe commonest observed initial clinical sign. Blood analyses frequently revealed an inflammatory response,hemoconcentration, muscle damage, azotemia, negative energy balance, liver damage, and electrolyte and acidbase disturbances. Common complications or clinical signs developing during hospitalization included dysphagia,dyspnea, recumbency, hyperthermia, seizures, hyperlipemia, gastrointestinal impactions, dysuria, andlaryngeal spasms. Cases were supported with wound debridement, antimicrobial treatment, tetanus antitoxin,muscle spasm and seizure control, analgesia, anti-inflammatory drugs, fluid therapy, and nutritional support.Mortality rates were 68.4% in adult horses and 66.7% in foals. Foals differed from adult horses with respectto months of occurrence, signalment, management-related data, potential causative events, clinical signs onadmission, blood analysis, complications, and severity grades.Conclusions – This is the first study that rigorously describes a large population of equids affected by tetanus.The information provided is potentially useful to clinicians for early recognition and casemanagement of tetanusin adult horses and foals. Tetanus affects multiple organ systems, requiring broad supportive and intensive care.Neonatal and adult tetanus in the horse should be considered as distinct syndromes, as in human medicine
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