1,720,962 research outputs found
Effet d’une stimulation enrichie sur le fonctionnement cognitif de personnes Alzheimer à un stade modéré et des adultes présentant un déficit cognitif léger.
No full textObjectif : L’objectif de cette thèse est d’évaluer l’effet de la combinaison de l’exercice physique (seul ou répété) et de l’exercice intellectuel sur le fonctionnement cognitif chez les patients Alzheimer à un stade modéré (ADM) et des participants ayant un déficit cognitif modéré léger (MCI). Méthodes : Soixante-dix-neuf patients ADM et 44 patients MCI ont participé à l’étude. Après un bilan neuropsychologique et une évaluation cardio-respiratoire, tous les patients ont été répartis en trois groupes. Les patients, constituant le groupe expérimental physique seul (MCI= 15 patients, ADM= 27 patients), ont effectué un exercice de pédalage sur ergocycle pendant vingt minutes. L’intensité de l’exercice était fixée à 60% de la fréquence cardiaque maximale, atteinte à la fin d’un test préalable de marche de 6 minutes. Les participants du groupe combiné (MCI= 15 patients, ADM= 25 patients) ont effectué le même programme du groupe physique mais avec un rajout simultané des jeux cognitifs pendant l’exercice à partir de la 3éme minute. Le groupe témoin (MCI= 14 patients, ADM= 26 patients) a eu une séance de lecture de 20 minutes, à la place de l’exercice de pédalage. Chez les sujets MCI et ADM, on a proposé l’exercice aérobie (cyclisme) combiné ou non avec des jeux cognitifs et contrasté à l’activité de lecture pour le groupe témoin. À cinq moments (avant l’exercice (à l’inclusion de l’étude), immédiatement après l’exercice, après un mois d’entrainement et après deux mois d’entrainement et après 4 semaines de l’arrêt de l’entrainement (4 semaines de repos)), les participants ont été soumis à trois tâches cognitives : test Stroop, test de la tour de Hanoi et test d’empan de chiffres à l’endroit et à l’envers pour évaluer respectivement la sensibilité aux interférences, la résolution de problèmes et la mémoire de travail. Résultats : La comparaison des performances obtenues avant et après l’exercice physique de pédalage a montré une amélioration significative pour les trois tâches proposées dans les groupes expérimentaux avec un effet plus important chez le groupe combiné des patients ADM et des patients MCI. En revanche, les performances cognitives du groupe témoin n’ont quasiment pas changé après la séance de lecture. Conclusion : Les résultats de la présente étude, comme les résultats des travaux rapportés, montrent l’impact bénéfique d’un exercice unique sur les performances cognitives chez des patients diagnostiqués ADM et des patients MCI. L’objectif étant de prévenir et / ou de ralentir le déclin cognitif dans la maladie d’Alzheimer, les résultats de notre étude sont prometteurs. Le caractère singulier de ces résultats réside dans le fait qu’une séance unique permet d’avoir un effet bénéfique. Notre étude longitudinale portant sur l’impact de l’exercice chronique de type aérobie a permis de cerner les effets à long terme sur cette population. Plus important, le rajout des jeux cognitifs à l’exercice physique (seul ou répété) potentialise cet effet positif chez les patients ADM et MCI. Cet effet est durable après une période de repos.Objective: The objective of this thesis is to test if combined physical and cognitive exercise (acute exercise or physical training) is associated with better outcomes, compared with aerobic training alone in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).and in Alzheimer's patients at a moderate stage (ADM).Methods: Forty-four MCI and seventy-nine patient ADM aged 65 to 75 years were randomly recruited to the study. After a neuropsychological assessment and a cardio-respiratory evaluation, all the patients were divided into three groups according to the task: aerobic exercises done alone (AT group, MCI = 15 patients, ADM = 27 patients) or combined with cognitive games presented on a screen (ACT group, MCI = 15 patients, ADM = 25 patients) and control group (CG group, MCI = 14 patients, ADM = 26 patients) who performed a reading task. Selective attention (Stroop), problem solving (Hanoi Tower) and working memory (Digit Span) tasks assessed cognitive performances at baseline, at baseline (pre-exercise), immediately after exercise (post-exercise), at 4th and 8th week of training, and after 1-month of rest. Results: For MCI and ADM patients, after the exercise, the participants’ attention in both the physical and combined groups improved for the Stroop, the forward and backward Digit Span tasks, as well as the time taken to solve the Tower of Hanoi, although no significant differences were found in the number of moves taken in the latter. By contrast, the control group did not show any significant improvement for most of the cognitive tasks after the reading session.For MCI patients, in all tasks, performances were (1) improved in combined condition and in aerobic condition compared to Control group. Moreover, (2) the combined procedure induced deepest improvement compared to aerobic condition. (3) There was no modification of performance with reading only (control group). (4) The observed improvement of performance in combined and aerobic groups lasted even after four weeks without exercises (W12). These results highlight the advantage of combining cognitive and physical tasks in order to obtain a long-lasting improvement of executive functions in MCI patients. Comparison of scores obtained in the two neuropsychological assessments (at the beginning and at the end of training) shows significant improvements after training even in the control group for depression evaluation. For ADM patients, the aerobic training improved cognitive performance and neuropsychological assessments. This improvement was enhanced by cognitive enrichment except attention, when compared with exercise alone. Four weeks after the end of training, the positive effect was still observed. By contrast, the control group did not show any significant improvement for most of the cognitive tasks.Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that acute aerobic exercise and regular aerobic training may help to improve cognitive functions in MCI and ADM patients. This improvement is enhanced when the exercise is combined with cognitive games and lasts even after four weeks without exercises. These results may be used for physical and mental activity recommendations in adults with MCI to slow cognitive decline and in patients with ADM to stabilize or maintain cognitive function. Safe and progressive types of exercises should be promoted among MCI and ADM patients
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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