1,721,014 research outputs found
The European framework on the liability arising from the use of Artificial Intelligence systems and its impact on UAS
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AI & Civil Liability
Full text linkWhen dealing with novel fast-evolving technologies that are deemed ever more complex, autonomous, capable of learning and modifying themselves, and thus opaque and unpredictable, it is essential to assess the adequacy of civil liability rules
Automated Care-Taking and the Constitutional Rights of the Patient in an Aging Population
No full textSocial Robots represent a broad spectrum ofAI-based robotic applications that could be largely deployed in the care of elderly and frail individuals, primarily to reduce associated welfare costs. Indeed, they could provide assistive (feeding, cleaning, moving),monitoring (health parameters and overall well-being of the user), and companionship (entertaining and interactingwith the user) services. This chapter questions whether all these uses are to be deemed licit, and pursuant to which criteria. To do so, it first describes the different kinds of robotic applications divided into categories pursuant to the functions they serve. Then it defines the right to carewithin the existing legal framework, in light of international conventions, constitutional principles, and national provisions. In so doing it shows howcare is kept distinct from mere cure, and entails addressing the overall well-being of patients, including their socialization, personal independence and dignity. The different technologies are then assessed. To do so, alternative ethical paradigms are considered, typically recalled in the bioethical debate revolving around the use and acceptability of advanced technologies. The analysis shows how a deontological approach is the only one that conforms to the current constitutional framework. Reference is made to the ethical and legal notion of human dignity as an external and objective criterion that limits freedom of self-determination, and prevents humans from being manipulated (in their emotions), instrumentalized and isolated. Technologies that could be deemed deceptive—inducing the delusional perception that the machine cares for the user—and whose primary purpose is to replace human relations and contact, should be deemed violating the fundamental rights to care and the dignity of the individuals being cared for. Instead, those technologies that favour physical and psychological independence should be not just welcomed but eventually supported through ad-hoc policy initiatives
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Human-Robot Interaction and User Manipulation
No full textThe analysis presented is focused on the interaction among social robots and humans. It is here stated that, despite the multidisciplinary debate around the theme, social robots have to be ontologically deemed objects. The pleasant design and the simulation of intelligence, as much as social and emotional competences, are useful to convey acceptability and to favour interaction. However, they may lead to forms of manipulation which can impact the users’ will and undermine their physical and psychological integrity. This rises the need of a legal framework, able to guarantee a really human-centred development of new technologies and to ensure the protection of people involved in the interaction. Therefore, the recent European proposal of regulation, the Artificial Intelligence Act, is examined. In particular, the section on prohibited practices is critically analysed, so as to highlight the controversial aspects of such an approach. Thus, it is suggested the role of human dignity as a balancing principle to address the issues related to user manipulation in the human-robot interaction domain
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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