9 research outputs found
James R. Hedges IV ' 89, College Trustee in 2000
No full textThis image appeared in the Board Directory. Image transferred electronically from Communications Office in 2010.James R. Hedges, IV is one of the early leaders in the hedge fund and alternative investments industry, and is the author of Hedges on Hedge Funds. He is the Founder, President, and Chief Investment Officer of LJH Global Investments, LLC
Assessment of Upper Limb Function and the Underlying Movement Strategies with Potential Application to Rotator Cuff Tears
No full textabstract: Introduction: Individuals with rotator cuff tears (RCT) have been found to compensate in their movement patterns by using lower thoracohumeral elevation angles during certain tasks, as well as increased internal rotation of the shoulder (Vidt et al., 2016). The leading joint hypothesis (LJH) suggests there is one leading joint that creates the foundation for the entire limb motion, and there are other subordinate joints that monitor the passive interaction torque (IT) and create a net torque (NT) aiding to limb motions required for the task. This experiment hopes to establish a better understanding of joint control strategies during a wide range of arm movements. Based off of the LJH, we hypothesize that when a subject has a rotator cuff tear, their performance of planar and three- dimensional motions should be altered not only at the shoulder, which is often the leading joint, but also at other joints on the arm such as the elbow and wrist.
Methods: There were 3 groups of participants: healthy younger adults (age 21.74 ± 1.97), healthy older adult controls (age 69.53 ± 6.85), and older adults with a RCT (age 64.33 ± 4.04). All three groups completed strength testing, horizontal drawing and pointing tasks, and three-dimensional (3D) activities of daily living (ADLs). Kinematic and kinetic variables of the arm were obtained during horizontal and 3D tasks using data from 13 reflective markers placed on the arm and trunk, 8 motion capture cameras, and Cortex motion capture software (Motion Analysis Corp., Santa Rosa, CA). During these tasks, electromyography (EMG) electrodes were placed on 12 muscles along the arm that affect shoulder, elbow, and wrist rotation. Strength testing tasks were measured using a dynamometer. All strength testing and 3D tasks were completed for three trials and horizontal tasks were completed for two trials.
Results: Results of the younger adult participants showed that during the forward portion of seven 3D tasks, there were four phases of different joint control mechanics seen in a majority of the movements. These phases included active rotation of both the shoulder and the elbow joint, active rotation of the shoulder with passive rotation of the elbow, passive rotation of the shoulder with active rotation of the elbow, and passive rotation of both the shoulder and the elbow. Passive rotation during movements was a result of gravitational torque (GT) on the different segments of the arm and IT caused as a result the multi-joint structure of human limbs. The number of tested participants for the healthy older adults and RCT older adults groups is not yet high enough to produce significant results and because of this their results are not reported in this article.
Discussion: Through the available results, multiple phases were found where one or both of the joints of the arm moved passively which further supports the LJH and extends it to include 3D movements. This article is a part of a bigger project which hopes to get a better understanding of how older adults adjust to large passive torques acting on the arm during 3D movements and how older adults with RCTs compensate for the decreased strength, the decreased range of motion (ROM), and the pain that accompany these types of tears. Hopefully the results of this experiment lead to more research toward better understanding how to treat patients with RCTs
The Native's Nightmares as Enabling Discourse in Richard Wright's Native Son
No full textSeveral scholars have drawn attention to the existence, in Native Son, of more than one discourse. However, such critics have focused mainly on Richard Wright's use of heteroglossia in the novel as evidenced by the different voices of Bigger Thomas, Max and the third person narrator, the state attorney's arguments in the court room, and the rhetoric of the press. Yet Wright's striving "to make words disappear" leaving us conscious only of our response to his art, suggests that his language operates not only at the linguistic but also at the paralinguistic level. In this paper, I explore Wright's use of nightmare as a technique for creating a field of discourse that is enabling for Bigger in his quest for self definition. I argue that the nightmares that begin each of the three sections of the novel constitute a "private "field of discourse for Bigger, separate from the "objectifying" discourse of the establishment that occupies most of the narrative, and that these "internal" and "external" discourses also contextualise Bigger's perception of himself as subject or object."Native Son is a work of assault ratherthan withdrawal; the author yieldshimself in part to a vision of nightmare"(Irving Howe: "Black Boys and NativeSons")
Development of joint control during drawing movements in childhood
No full textabstract: Research on joint control during arm movements in adults has led to the development of the Leading Joint Hypothesis (LJH), which states that the central nervous system takes advantage of interaction torque (IT) and muscle torque (MT) to produce movements with maximum efficiency in the multi-jointed limbs of the human body. A gap in knowledge exists in determining how this mature pattern of joint control develops in children. Prior research focused on the kinematics of joint control for children below the age of three; however, not much is known about interjoint coordination with respect to MT and IT in school-aged children. In the present study, joint control at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist during drawing of five shapes was investigated. A random sample of nine typically developing children ages 6 to 12 served as subjects. The task was to trace with the index finger a template placed on a horizontal table. The template consisted of a circle, horizontal, vertical, right-diagonal, and left-diagonal line. Analysis of muscle torque contribution (MTC) revealed the individual roles of MT and IT in the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints. During drawing of the horizontal line, which requires the most difficult joint control pattern in adults because it does not allow the use of IT for joint rotation, joint control was found to change through development. For the youngest children, the function of elbow MT modified to suppress IT, thereby producing large elbow rotation. The oldest children simplified this by using the shoulder as the principal joint of movement production and with decreased assistance from the elbow. For the other four drawing movements, differences in the pattern of joint control used by all of the subjects was unaffected by an increase in age. Overall, the results suggest that in children above 6 years of age, minor changes in joint control occur during drawing of relatively simple movements. The limited effect of age that was observed could be related to the restriction of movements to the horizontal plane. For a future study, three-dimensional movements that provide more freedom in joint control due to redundancy of degrees of freedom could be more informative about developmental changes in joint coordination
Coordination in the Arm after a Rotator Cuff Tear in the Elderly
No full textabstract: Introduction: Individuals with rotator cuff tears have been found to compensate in their movement patterns by using lower thoracohumeral elevation angles during certain tasks, as well as increased internal rotation of the shoulder (Vidt et al., 2016). Leading joint hypothesis suggests there is one leading joint that creates the foundation for the entire limb motion, and there are other subordinate joints which monitor the passive interaction torque and create a net torque aiding to limb motions required for the task. This experiment seeks to establish a better understanding of joint control strategies during a wide range of arm movements. Based on the leading joint hypothesis, we hypothesize that when a subject has a rotator cuff tear, their performance of planar and three-dimensional motions should be altered not only at the shoulder, which is often the leading joint, but also at other joints on the arm, such as the elbow and wrist. This paper will focus on the effect of normal aging on the control of the joints of the arm.
Methods: There were 4 groups of participants: healthy younger adults (n=14)(21.74 ± 1.97), healthy older adults (n=12)(55-75), older adults (n=4)(55-75) with a partial-thickness rotator cuff tear, and older adults (n=4)(55-75) with a full-thickness rotator cuff tear (RCT). All four groups completed strength testing, horizontal drawing and pointing tasks, and three dimensional (3D) activities of daily living. Kinematic and kinetic variables of the arm were obtained during horizontal and 3D tasks using data from 12 reflective markers placed on the arm, 8 motion capture cameras, and Cortex motion capture software (Motion Analysis Corp., Santa Rosa, CA). Strength testing tasks were measured using a dynamometer. All strength testing and 3D tasks were completed for three trials and horizontal tasks were completed for two trials.
Results: Results of the younger adult participants showed that during the forward portion of seven 3D tasks, there were four phases of different joint control mechanics seen in a majority of the movements. These phases included active rotation of both the shoulder and the elbow joint, active rotation of the shoulder with passive rotation of the elbow, passive rotation of the shoulder with active rotation of the elbow, and passive rotation of both the shoulder and the elbow. Passive rotation during movements was a result of gravitational torque on the different segments of the arm and interaction torque caused as a result of the multi-joint structure of human limbs. The number of tested participants for the minor RCT, and RCT older adults groups is not yet high enough to produce significant results and because of this their results are not reported in this article. Between the older adult control group and the young adult control group in the tasks upward reach to eye height and hair comb there were significant differences found between the groups. The differences were found in shorter overall time and distance between the two groups in the upward eye task.
Discussion: Through the available results, multiple phases were found where one or both of the joints of the arm moved passively which further supports the LJH and extends it to include 3D movements. With available data, it can be concluded that healthy older adults use movement control strategies, such as shortening distance covered, decreasing time percentage in active joint phases, and increasing time percentage in passive joint phases, to account for atrophy along with other age-related declines in performance, such as a decrease in range of motion. This article is a part of a bigger project which aims to better understand how older adults with RCTs compensate for the decreased strength, the decreased range of motion, and the pain that accompany this type of injury. It is anticipated that the results of this experiment will lead to more research toward better understanding how to treat patients with RCTs
Spatial heterogeneity of the cytosol revealed by machine learning-based 3D particle tracking
No full text© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in McLaughlin, G. A., Langdon, E. M., Crutchley, J. M., Holt, L. J., Forest, M. G., Newby, J. M., & Gladfelter, A. S. (2020). Spatial heterogeneity of the cytosol revealed by machine learning-based 3D particle tracking. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 31(14), 1498-1511, doi:10.1091/mbc.E20-03-0210.The spatial structure and physical properties of the cytosol are not well understood. Measurements of the material state of the cytosol are challenging due to its spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Recent development of genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (GEMs) has opened up study of the cytosol at the length scales of multiprotein complexes (20-60 nm). We developed an image analysis pipeline for 3D imaging of GEMs in the context of large, multinucleate fungi where there is evidence of functional compartmentalization of the cytosol for both the nuclear division cycle and branching. We applied a neural network to track particles in 3D and then created quantitative visualizations of spatially varying diffusivity. Using this pipeline to analyze spatial diffusivity patterns, we found that there is substantial variability in the properties of the cytosol. We detected zones where GEMs display especially low diffusivity at hyphal tips and near some nuclei, showing that the physical state of the cytosol varies spatially within a single cell. Additionally, we observed significant cell-to-cell variability in the average diffusivity of GEMs. Thus, the physical properties of the cytosol vary substantially in time and space and can be a source of heterogeneity within individual cells and across populations.We would like to thank the 2016 Physiology course and Christina Termini at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, MA, Gregory Brittingham, and Marcus Roper for initial experiments and perspectives on pipeline. We thank David Adalsteinsson for help with DataTank software and many conversations about image analysis on large datasets. We thank Emmanual Levy (Weizmann Institute) for providing plasmids encoding synthetic phase separating peptides. This work was supported by Google Cloud, the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). ASG, EML, and GAM were supported by the NSF (RoLs: 1840273), HHMI faculty scholar award and the NIH (R01GM081506). JMN was supported by the NSERC (RGPIN-2019-06435, RGPAS-2019-00014, DGECR-2019-00321) and the NSF (DMS-171474). MGF was supported by the NSF (DMS-1816630, DMS-1664645). LJH was supported by the NIH (R01GM132447)
The Log Vol. 9 No. 12
No full textBetween 1914 and the late 1960s, the Champion Fibre Company published an internal newsletter, called The Log, to share news about the Canton mill, the community, and its employees. After 1940, news from the entire “Champion Family,” which included mills in Hamilton, Ohio; Houston, Texas and Sandersville, Georgia, was featured in each issue.•
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YOL. J_- ANTO , N. C' •• FEBRUARY, 1927
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Out· Motto:
uSa e/JI---Cleanliness---E
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¥ . MEMBERSHIP CAMPAIGN
L -\ N~ hn e been perfe ""ted fot-~ OlH~ of the big~rc s t drivcs fnt· member hip, ih:! ( 'hnmpion Y. '1\f. r. A.
hu .... c r)r atten1pted . The membrhip Comm_ittet? headed by Let<;h Worl ey~ have 1 ·ft nE"JthinJZ t.
h anc~. The1~ ·will be up,,·ards of 160 men wc"'men, boys and gil'l:o;, take part in going oot to
roundup the tn-e mbe1~s in this annutt l ~l riv() .
!h ·re will be t~am ~ to rept"e "llt e~·e:r~r J eparhnent in th Club, P. T.
A. 1'eachel" , Bo~l's and girl ~ of the ntembership. Much competition is expected between the.' ~ ditf~rcnt learns
fol" the honor of b~ving high score in tb2 dt·ive. ·
An elaborate program will b~ arra ng~d for t he opening banquet to be held ('In Monday night, F eb, 1-lth
~t lhe "· ~· · {'-)r the worke1·~. at ' hich t ime in truction s wi.U be given all those who participate. 1t1r .. T. \\~ il
On roith.., State e cret:u·. of the Y. 1\I. C. l~ .. ~-ill be 'the p rincipal ~peaker, and will de light his hear er s a.s
he did last ~~eaT. ...
V\. e a r l" publi -hing tlle natue of. wor kers, that have been carefully selec l~rl by the member hip cha irman
a nd the ee.rctat·y. There are mauy m.ore good .fello\ s in th e. mill wh<' would be wiltingt we are sutc
to help out , in the dri~) but a s ot'le of the men put it: By Golly we 'va got tc1 have s on1ebody to call nn fo1·
m en'tbe~hi p;' and that is a fact. One thing that can be ot intere t is, there will be a large c.Jock placed in
front of the Y, telling the peopJ~ just hov.- ihe drive is coining f ront day to day, alsp a scol"'e board in t.he
building giYing t he dail~" total. .
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Plca_e note the departments and the men 1'ep1·cs0n ting lheJn.
BOOK ~liLL
Geo. Rh·?leY
J . M. Ca,~a imugh
J . J . .Martin
K. E. Inman
.J. I. Curtev· • Ray Byer-.,
~J. _L Alexander
H. C. Clark
1\fr s . Gevrgie Brown
Mi'~F Tommie Burch
~ fi~~ Bon11ie Rhodarmer
E TRACT
T'. E. Wll on
S. E. Htpp.
C. X . Wri q-ht
\Vash St ile:;
H. \\·. Stiles
\\ . V. Hay·nes ~ A. J. \Yil liaru ...
F. L. Mann
J. l ~. Rnberts
E LE 1 RIC
C. B. ~\- ilt
J. R. :\11lne
Portet· Honderson
,Y, M. Bryson - -
OOD YARD
\\"ade UiU
Frank :By<:ts
T. \ . 1\ ing
0 . G. Clark
}f. J.J. Fntd . r'
C .. L HPn-- on
\!\'. A:.. • Hvr. r
G. M ... ,.i; ley
1h A. C tJnlEil-l
P • "" • • KL•~ l n ,
\"r:. F . \\'-Hson
T() JTl 1 ar.kit1s
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LPRITE & " 700D Rl\-1.
\V. V. I-vester ·
C. E. McGowan
D. R. EYerhar t
S. C. Wood
F. L. ~'ebster
~t. l\1. Wai"Ten
~1. L. Trantham
T. P. Owen
C. L. Brookshlre
l\"'. T. Blalck
\\. J. Trull
. lA HI1-E
Frank Collins
U. K. Hyatt
B. b. S1nather
A. 1\". Devlin
.J. C. Elli.:
0. :!\1. . crogg
G.. R. . hope
Horace Coffev • Roy ~{a tt.irwn
F. W. Keener
SOD.\
C. A. :Moonev • Wm. Robertson
J. r. Bo\~lin
Jim Gt~s~ett
L. G. Cudv • L. Dw Boyclt:tlon
Dallas Row"-'
Bob Varner
Gao. Man~~s .
0. M. \Vhitak el·
.J a&. Ca rtwrjght
A. C. Rowe
STiE ~1
J . e. Spr-adlin
G~n H.o\\Cil
Ed. BQrnett
.J. K. D ll\V1l!':l
Andy .. fcClure
~1 ~<:k SltUllC:\"'
.J Qt :Milne
A leJ.; Juck, 011
Cl yde Blythe
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R ~\~D A
Frank S1nathers
G. E. Rolland
P. D. De,Veese
Chas. tinnet.t
B. 1\{. Stam3y
D. L. Brown
Bill Nash
Charlie Towe
Sebe Plott
1\II. A. St~nney
,V. P. Childers
Tom Rhinehart
C. R. Rouinson
A. L. F ord
E, BLEACH
''f. L. Jamis~nl
0. F . Gillis
\'". L. Reno
E. S. Brank
\V. M. Cogdifl
Thomas Mw-ray
J es-s F~>r.d
BOYS
Fort S math e.r~
Ben Blalock
lloward Srnathers
Doyle Ro bert~
.Jack Htunpto11
Hunt Bailie
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d eo. Howard 'frostel
TE .~. lJERS
Rut.h l•'ag ;.\n
• ::l.lJy r.1 ~kOll
Rddyi.h~ H Fnvkins
P~ctuline Rainwntc·r
'rlaomas ine Und ~rwuot.l
}fr~. :M ul'ic 1 J o .• 1in
\V. P. Ba1•he
H . F . Whitr•uf\ad
R. J . Ht>v ;o(ev ~ . r. N . l•'l~t!C"- JY\an
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. CONSTRUCTION
T. 0 . Thom son
I. D. Wens·
G. T. Worley:
Gerge Vaincourt
E. G. Batitle
Thomas Collins
GlRLS
Alke Wild
Elizabeth B.at tison
Ruth Boydston
Sarah Kir kpa (..rick
Ernestine Smith
Nevil Grut~
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TOWN AND CIVIT. K
If. A. Osborn<'
J. T. Bailey
S. R. Felmet
,J. Bat Srnatbors
Luther Snyder
\V. ~. M cElr~nh
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\\". B. Wi ll i;:H~\son , J r: .
E. l\1. ~ier
Mr .. 1. D. 'VelL
:VJ rs . Lee )I(·Elralh
fi s~ .Julin Nevet"('O]
l\Jiss Gea·trude \ri l ~t)n
I•"' red Dc,u tt
'J'. s. ~~1\b lt?\"
T. R. !Adfo1·cl
W.OME. ".: ('L('B
M 1'. C h· d ~ Hi lch!brtul,l
l\It·s. N: n. \ il·l
~r.::. H. A. Uc· lcl~r
1\lln•. l·'rmtk Bell
1\h·~ .. ] H. 'l\) fllllS()n
Mi." M tq.;Rrt·t Hul~~but· t,Jn
~ r 1· • •
Mrs.
Mr ..
M J'!f .
P. 1'. .\ .
G. L. Hau'l~tl,m
\V .E. Shc .. ffh ltl
, . Y. Halyhunc)l.
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HE . PER FOR THlS MAGAZINE IS MADE IN OTJR PLANT OUT OF WOOD FROM THE FOREST OF
Ol{TH ('AROLI. -~~- \VE MANUFACTURE MANY GRAUES OF BLEACHED SULPHITE PAPERS,
MACHI E FINISH:~ AND SUPER-CALENDERED .
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"UPERINTENDENTS AND FOREMEN PLEASE NOTE.
N the operation of a large jndustrial plant, the cost of alterations is a big iten1. Ofttinl~ "
hu·ge sums of money are spent in malting unprofitable changes, due to the fact that \Ve do
not always keep before us the chief consideration, which is that every dollar "pent in
alt -I·ai.ion ~hould yield proper returns on the e>-.LJen e inctu·l'ed.
\\ (! bPJ'cve thaL the cost of alte1·ations in our plant can be n1ateria1ly reduced by a c-areful considera
ti progran1 a Jl ·(A LT I~. r.. A'flO NS'' in equipn1ent must b covcrt?d b~· JOn 0 Rn EHS
an'l the· following r~rocodur will t P! Jl~.
'J hP J()B OI DE I~ nla.v be origh1rtLed by auy S upcdntcndeni or fo l'l' llHtn b~ direct verbal, tel \pllvnt
· ''}' 'A- rjttt~n advice to the Cler k iJ1 tltQ 8nginertng D ~p<-)rtnl ent. But. to J -ssen the chan('~' r
eJ·, Qr aud to IJe ~ ure thai the r·he:Hll:f0 i.· app• o c-~tl l>.\ the Depad rnenL SupcriuLend0.nt l> )for" i~su ing
jc ,b nurnhe-r, it j ~ ) ilt fl S Ul}~l'iJ1tl·ndc:nl ~UHl u~
ltlll,!h jnf cJt·nultion a.:) posr-;iblr; hl1 J.d vt n on tl1e .JOh ord0l'.
: 'o JO l ~ Ollf >Ell cau lJe C)P,u,..,d f 1·< rn lhl_) l~ n gin<'<' rt n g· Depa.l'tnw nt t'or aetllal Ct n::-qtnwti n unti l:
(:-t) Jt lla-.: hP(H >tJJprnV'(·d by lhe dotH\ H .~
lo th~ tit 1e;:;· 'Jr t.h · d4 ·~ ign .
(IJ) 1"'h aJ'prl~ va l of tiH ... Plt•nt J·;n!! in<r.· t· :ts lo the : onnd {·ugi nl''-·t·iHg JJ1 tilt' dP~ ig-rL
( ) ·rhf\ :tJ!.t l'~"vv ... l of tht· :t TwJ~d 1\ lauag"1 or ~nn1 · unP to wlwrn lhi t· du t \' h:l~ hPt.'t1 o l'l'("t tll.\
r~ i::r, ed by l1 in1.
'Jot,~ v.llt.A heCjt•f t!d c·<•opt•t atiou jp tid:-:; Jlt ; t-t
1 ~JlJ bt gt• ·~t'l~· a.pp ·r..,r•i(l\ ~ll.
Y ,.ut·: 1ntl.\, '
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(~RE T Al\1ERIC;\ ~-
!\1 ROE.
IE.S nl "'rOE. lhc fiflh pe~sid(.'nt. of Ch<·
t •nited St :.tt ~ . and author of the ·· Totu·ol:
Doctrine," 'as uorn priJ :..8, 175 . iu the..•
C u n t~· f WestJnorla,nd \a.
!lis father ' "·as a \V ~\ lth ~- tlanter, '"ho~ e .feJ· tilfl land~
joined th :1 (:)sta · of Aug·u stine 'Va "'hingto11l th ~ father
of G ~ol'g;) \Yash ingto.n. JanleS nlonro lliOYed all • •
th advan tages \Yhich the ouutry couJd affOL'd. lt~e:n·J y
'in lift: he "·as ~ent to a V~l'y nne "Chool, and at th~
age of ~ixteen ente1·ed \Villiam and 1\lary Coli ge. T\\~
years a1 er he entered college, tb~ Dclaration of Independence
,vas adopted, a nd he at once left hi~ "'tudies
to j oi.n the Continental ...~ .Jn1\r . •
It '"a~ one of the gloon1iest hour in our hi tor,-.
The enen1)· "~as Yictorious in n1ost e v er~- battle, but
the cotn·ageous yocng l\lonroe never falter ed. He en rolled
a~ a cadet but 'va soon advanced to lieutenan t
an~ a little l'aterf because of his braver y, he ,·vas pronloted
to a Captaincy.
He ~tood br the side of Lafayette, the brave
.roung French noblernan1 ~·hen he \\·as shot in the
leg at Braudy\Yine at the Battle of Trenton, he
foug~1 t so gallently that he \\"On the eon1men dation of
his superiol· oriicer. During this uattle he wa.:· \\'OUnded
jn the shoulder. Tl1e next year he ,,·as pr omoted
a nd ~er\red on the staff of G-en era] ~'illian1 Ale. ·ander
(··Lord ._ terling~ · ) as Lieu tenant-Colonel.
In 1780 he began the stud~~ of law under the direction
of Tho1nas Jefferson, the governor of ' irginin.
I{is a~~ociation '"ith Jefferson probably had a marked
inrluenc.e upon his ~ub::scl]uent political career. A;l
through his iife he continued to enjoy t he fl'iend..;htp
of both Jefferson and ~Iar ison.
~lonroe developed a ve1·y noble charaet eT ~t~ od \Von
the luve of an ,\·ho kne'\"\' him. He en te~"ed }JUblic lift
at an earlv age. In 1782, he became a men1ber of
t.he \ Til·ginia a _embl~ and ·~·as sent the next. _yeal~ to
congress. Here hjs services \\:ere in ftu e:n tia 1 in bringing
about the conventions at Annavolis and< Philadelphia
where the Cont>titu1ion of t he "CnH.ed State~
,\.·as fr<:tn1ed . -- -
ln 1790 he was elected u nitetl S.ta tes Senator and
becan1e rrri.nister to Ft~nce jn J 7·94 to 1796. " 'hen he
\Vas recalled becaus~ of his too O!Jen exp ressions of
v1npath. ;vith the It evolution .
1n 1799, he became goven 1.o1-· of '\Tjrginja and \Vas
eon 1n1i~~ion eo to act ~· ith Li;vingsi 011, 1·e:-ildent n1inister
at Paris, to n ... gotjati ng the purcha~ of New Odeau.
and t h"' ter:rito1·.v e1nbtacing the n1outh of th .. :i\li !->sissippi,
\Vhich fotmed a Jlc rt ,,f th province of Lou isiana
, recently· ceded by Spain to Franc· e. But, in absenc
.. of in st:vuctions, they as umed the r ~ pOt1 s iiJiJi y
of n(:>gotiatjng t he purcha. (~ not onl.\· of N ~ ... ,v 0.-Jcjan;-;
but of t he ent ire terl·itoJ'Y of Louisiana an V(·n t tha t
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i~ horcll.'' Xt'Cnnd in inlpn•tnnc~t· 1 v any in tit .. Justf,ry
ll[ this countrr. l\'lon•>op v ut-< n xt • l•ll'JOli. ~ioned a
tnini ~tv1,· to l:~n~lnnd to SIHlcttt·d J~ uru :; King who ht.trl
resign rl.
Jn 180 J he ''" nt tn Madl'irl, \\ ith th' ol}j t uf
u got iating the purrhn~c nf Florida~ hut in this he ~a.
uu. uc<.·e~ fuJ. and rt\Lut·nprf to I~ondon in 1800.
ln 1~10 he \V:l:-t asraill cl Cted to tht.· }t-"gishJ.1 Ul" • Of
Virginia, and during- the next year he \\·as elflc~ted governor,
but, dudng 1911 h<.) \VO.s called to the National
Council to supersede Robe rt Smiuh as sect·(·ta r.v o(
state in iVIadison's cabinet, and he took an acUve pait
in precipitating' '"~u· against England in 1812~
In 1816 h e \va eJected president of the United
States, and 'vas re-elected in 1820. The n1ost popular
n1eas ures of his adn1inistration ":ere the obtaining of
Florida fron1 pain in 1819, the recognition of the in ...
dependence of the Spanish American republic and the
announcer1ant of \Vhat is l\no\Vn as the 1\Ionroe Doctrine.
The period of his administration, 1-817-1825 has been
called ''the eta of good feeling," for the reason that
t he party issues of the past were J1e10Stly dead, and ne~·
issues had not yet a.rien .
In the form;a.tion of h~is cabinet :Nlonroe sh o\ved good
judgnH:)nt in selecting spch men as J. Q. Aclan1s. J. G.
Calhoun , W. II. Cro"vford and William ''rerL \\~ith
th-ese advisers he devoted h.in1s-elf io the econon1ic d ·: •
ve1otlment of t he country whic·~h ¥lad been so loug y·e-tarded
by foreign co1nplications.
On the expiJ·ation of his pl'·esidential teTn1 l\Ionr0t·
r et ir ed to Oak Hill, his r esidence in Loudou11 Count.y '
' ' a. He rlied July 4, 1831.
James l\1.on1·oe the fifth president of the United
States is best kno~·n to the people of this gen~1ntion
as the a uthor of the ":b•Ionroe Doctrjne," ?1 flee lara tion
inserted in his seven th ·annual n1essage, l)ecen'lber 2,
1823. 1 t \vas the foriHulation of the sentiment Lhcr1
beginning to prevail, that An1 ~ric~1 "as .for th • mer ...
icGtn s . That is, that Anlerica \vould not inter1ert\ in
J~ u1·opean politics ; t-tnd t hat Europe Rhouhl not int :\rf~
re in An1ericaH politics, " ,hetlte1· h1 No1·th . nH~ l'i c a
or Sou tl1 Anu~rica. rrhe occas ion vf pt·oclainl ill~): t h~~
doctr ine \! ·a s t he run1 on.Hl intt.'l'Y nt iou of the; I It I~ ...- tliance
to nid Sp-ain in t h ..) l'l'Conquc:-;i of hl r ~-\ nt er i c1 l
Colonios . This derJCl t·alionJ tog0ther " ·ith tlH~ kno\VtJ
host ility of r :ng-IHnd to :such a proj Pe t " ·~ sutJ'kh. nt
to pr·eYen1 fuythct· acii not inb 1·fcnJd
and !'ha11 not int ~tff~rt', but ith th ;& go t!l'llment.~ who
•
,_,
f,l
~~-~~--- _____ ...,_ _______ __.. __ -.....______ - - -------- . ------~------~---------------~~--
J1 .JO'\N
Tbt> JjttJe J)au}.!ht.er of Mr. and Mr~->. ChtUde \ViU.
}·· a~ · dc;!(:irn·ed t here Jn.riepend'=·nc(:: Hild maintai ned it,
a t(j ·w}JO i 1d oopt:ndence Wt' h:.l ve on gn.:et t COll::>irlcl'atl
m atJ(I ·u~t nrincipl, <; ackn(J\,\'l cd.f{t~\1 , we could not
v c4
, . an~ int ·~J0~it j, n fur the plll'JIO~!: o{' ' an JU t t , .. a~J pn\ver jn ;.1ny o lJH 1· lipht iltt-.tll as
th.e rl1anif . ati .:~n of at unfr~( ndly dt s~,o )Hivu townnl
t h·" l"n1 d "taies.7
'
1~·. \V. H. Crutt·, Jilal1l l·~ nglnct 1'.
< ~c up I H~J <: l ~~-xc u · f01· gt!ttlJtg , IC!ep v, it i f.li !'\ jlJIJ1l .V u
;: r, ni · J•.Ht h :d:.>it , attd frtntl } l"l a 1 ti(·lt 1~.· MJ'. l). V.
WJk ox, j find U ;jt \ • >Irrou p
of four \Vnrnen ancl five rnen l';.tngi ng in ctg(!S fYon1 J 7
tu ~.a .\ c<.n·s -,,·h o wen L for 72 hours wi thoul sleep, and
\Y(" I'C aJ,lr to do their work ju ~l as wel l or heLter than
if thc.. . y ll<td s1epi thejr usnal nun1ber s of houn;. On<!
of then1 a .voung lady f ell ::;o .reJieved heca u ~-;e shP fou nd
that she did not have lo was te tjrne s leeping that she
celebrated by swimming across the Poton1ac niver on~
night. Two of the group, just because the} liked it,
stayed avvake for 18 hour~ longer or a Lotal of fnur
days and lh.ree nig-hts and al the end n1ade a better
showing in the Army alpha test, than they had made
before starting in on their prolonged period of ·wakf:fulness.
The e results spoiled a whole lot of phrases as to
the eiTect of Jost sleep, and proved that Thos. A. Ed!son
and our old friend Socrates '"-ere not so far wrong
when they advanced the idea that s leep is n1o ·tlr a ·
habjt that can be brol<en or at least shortened . \Viii1
the inforn1ation furnish ed by these te8ts available,
there is no reason for f urther losses in n1anufacturing •
establish1nents due to waste and inefficient operation
on account of n1en being as leep on the job. for it should
no'v be a simple n1atter to pick a crew that can stay
awake for at least 10 hours. There is reason to beli ev~
that these tests \vill be of g r ea t value. .. on1e conce1
·ns are now considering· having their E1nployn1ent
1\tlanagers ca::;t a \vary eye over all applicants for employnlent
and put them thru the 72 hour test or have
them bring affidavit::; signed by their \Vives or landlady
stating j ust how much sleep they l'equire.
Anothel' str a ng-e thing that has been den1on. trated
in these studies r~vg-ard ing sleep, is that there are n1any
n1en who go around Lheir jobs with their eyes open
.vet are n~le<.;\ p, in so fat, as attention to their \Vork i
conce.rned.
Before cJo~ing t his article of praise to thOtablish records for '~akefuln~ss in ueh~' lf
of sci('nce, we feel called up()n lo n1ake ~t)n1e nH' ntion
of tho::; · who nn.' al)parcntl)' trying to establish rt>t:\)l~d~
for sl ~epi n es~.
It is stated c.m good etulhorjty th~t th ') art' n1cn tn
lllis .:-; tale who hav) h~Pn a leep on theil· job~ r~.~r M.'Vei
·~tJ f(-ltl. r s, whi t(• W<' acknowl )dge t hat lhig i ~ .. S(ltUL'
sl ·cpi ng'' wt~ do not bt' 1 icvc it i ~ n rceord, a ~ Wt' ha vv
hell tl i nfo • ·, , ~,d LhaL IVIl·. I~ip 'Vctn \:Vinl,le lH\: ::nt aut-ht•lltic'
1·ccnrd, t'~ labli l'1 ht'd snn1' Yt':-ll s t\g·o, <)f h tving ::;lvpt
nn his .i i> I o t' ~0 y L'U t s.
f f these tt·.'t !-'; so c;.nvfulh ·onduc1t..\d l;v !Jr. ~·l oss . • •
a i'P in ~Lt llln e nta1 in convincing an \ t'f lh n'an\ wht)
;U'l• sJ, •f·J>iog on t iH•i1· JObs (~ · ith r \viLh l') ··s upen or
elo~ed) th ~ t nitlt1 hflll• s <t dn.) i;:; ~ufl'ici ·nl sh.· 'p f,,r atn·
one, ;tnd I hat th{' ht•e-\t Hnd ~' f~:-;l plcu·t l(\ do thi ~ ~ lt~l'Piug
· is >If hnrt tl'. t h . Jns~ and lti~ cu-work(~r~ .,;ht,nld
fN·l rully l'c• [ttid r. I' I hcil· trouul<·, aTHl tlu· iudu ~t rj,,s )r
th( COUHtl·y :-.hf11thl ('Xh' lld th ~nt tl - t)ll' of tlwnk .. '.
•
-------------------------------~----------~--·--~----~-~~~~~
. JR •. HE~-BE ~ B. ROBERTS01'
· DO ·1 t n year: ag0, the PaYent 'reacher A -
~oci a b on 'a~ nrganiz -rl in Canton, IJy nll·s.
lL ·uben 1...~. J~olJ rt:=on of A ~h .. v ill ·. For a
nun J.~ 1· ,f ·rea i-s _ i .-~. Roi..~Prtson \\a::, very active in • •
Parent Te, ch , .. r \\·ork and th r<,ug-h ht~r effort. Pa1·c·nt
Teache1~ A.·. ociatic,n ~ were (Jl·gani~c d in a numbe1· of
to" n " in \~· t e1·n . -o1·th ar(>lina; including A. he ville~
IIenc1 'JI'. on' Hl<:. Canton and a nun1ber of other plac ·s .
• 'Ill ~ ~soe i;. .. ti•,n in Ce: nton, Jjke all nev. organizations,
had a J1ard :-tcugg-1<-· tt survive during the fir~t _rt:al'.
nut, "ith tJ e lr ·ltJ ano incoun.tgen1ent of ~\<Irs. rto bc:J·t,(
ll \' ll<J r.ttt nd( d t] - n1eetinu~ J·egu larl ~·, and undt•r
th · 'i. 1 .. ( der. ~tip of It<::. H. D. ~ .. c1· ·~t. its fi1·st
pJ·(-:sjd ~nt t-H rd n1c ·t e 11Htll ia ... lie '" JJ ker, th 0 people of
th~~ "Ul11mU1lit)' O":a ]uall,\· J' 3))/'( d the Va)U Of ')U(;h ~l11
organ1za itJT1 a1Jd l,t ca1 1 ", n<J~ vul;v inte t·P~t(.:r} bot, (~ nt1lu
... ia. tic ~ur'P >rters ,,f tJ, ar-nt T ~ a<;IH··r As~ ocicttion.
\ ~ fln ev i(~c .. nce {If tl ',) f; ~t, Wf· J1a e t o-d<t ,. in
'a11ton th •;) .\. :-u ·iatinn · in ...· l(·a I r11 ou ...< \ II of whieh
Cllt- V 1'~' at·ti 7 <.iJd a:rr• h1lllr1 "' pl(ndjd ~.'Or' ) '" .
ThP- ptJr]1C, · of t in.•. Pr.u ent 'T' ·4the1· . Rc ci~ ti, ,n i~ ,
\\'ith t J r~ t ad .. J" • of 1 (~ J 'nl1ii(' .·c·hu<,l
an 'f) i 11.-o at· a p(, ·si bit . A ltiu. do
JJ ci£t1 \1. )rk uc11 a~ . IJ .A utjf.; ing Ll e ch >nl gt otntds,
J>Urcha.Jng IH,{J t. f r the libr: 1·. , pta.\ -'•ruul•d llliJl-llll'llt
;utd \<Jt' Jnll ~ )(IH•t• fhiu,·
tlll• ~ ·hnPl.
' r lltt l 't·f·ul:n nJntdltl. 111 '"t.tu r ,,. lh £· c ci1Lfi,l.
:lll'Pnl .. p'l' tldid .. p ,,nrlllltiti · j'., 1 • pf J'cln1 t , , ·t
ncqun inl · d \\'if It l.h( lt•:tr'" lt(IJ' ~ arHI l.h t"ir ~·}tc,(,J n ohh.•
Ht~. ' l'h u:, \\·itlt a <:lt.:•r r 1· unci 'l sb~tttlinsr nf f lH" n u l·
tillldt..' pf proh1 · rn ~ ,,},idt ntnst be aohf..:d by tla. t a·ft<..'
1'". il hL'i ( Pt" ~ pirit or ('(\·fiJH•ntliOU h •( \ o\'(•(!l] pat•~'nt and
h·aclH'l", \vhiell i ~ PS:"l nti:tl tc tit< ueces. of hr schc•ul,
is Cl' <:\L<·d.
l·"or a nurnb(' l' of ' ear~ th<:fl'f' wa.-.; onl v t)fle a .. :ociPt- •
tion jn Canton, but. c.1 s the lHlnli>t?r of. chools incr ... a c·'l
the \rork of the aR~ociation a l ~o incr as 'd <Jnd the
1 e ;ult \Yas, t '' o other A ·:-;ocia l
