1,720,969 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
IgA antibodies in tumortherapy : functional evaluation of polymeric isoforms
No full textHumane IgA-Antikörper aktivieren Granulozyten für die antikörperabhängige zellvermittelte Zytotoxizität (ADCC) von Tumorzellen effektiver als die bisher in der Tumortherapie zugelassenen Antikörper vom IgG-Isotyp. Durch Modifikationen der IgA-Antikörper konnte in vorangegangen Studien eine Verbesserung biochemischer und funktioneller Eigenschaften erzielt werden und letztlich ein optimierter IgA2m(1)-Antikörper produziert werden, der eine signifikant verbesserte Pharmakokinetik und Therapieeffektivität in vivo aufwies. Dieser monomere, gegen den Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Rezeptor (EGFR) gerichtete und als IgA2.0 bezeichnete Antikörper war Ausgangspunkt dieser Arbeit.
Für die Analyse der IgA-abhängigen granulozytenvermittelten Zytotoxizität wurde zunächst eine markierungsfreie, impedanzbasierte Echtzeit-Messung an adhärent wachsenden Tumorzellen etabliert. Kurzzeitmessungen bestätigten die Ergebnisse aus bisherigen Freisetzungstests, bekräftigten die Korrelation der Effektivität mit der EGFR-Expression auf der Oberfläche der Zielzellen und unterstützten zudem Trogoptose als zugrundeliegenden Mechanismus der Zytotoxizität der Granulozyten gegenüber den Tumorzellen. Die neue Möglichkeit der Langzeitmessung ergab tumorzelllinienspezifische Kinetiken und ließ auf eine Erschöpfung der Granulozyten schließen, mit der Konsequenz eines Wiederauswachses der nicht vollständig abgetöteten Tumorzellen.
Der in dieser Arbeit hergestellte IgA-Antikörper mit der Bezeichnung IgA3.0, stellt eine Weiterentwicklung des IgA2.0 dar. Dabei zeigte IgA3.0 eine effektive Dimerisierung mittels der J-Chain und erwies sich durch die kovalente Verbindung der schweren und leichten Ketten als stabiler gegenüber dem IgA2-Wildtyp. Funktionelle Experimente konnten verbesserte Fab-vermittelte Funktionen, wie die Wachstumsinhibition von Tumorzellen, sowie eine verbesserte FcαRI-Bindung im Vergleich zum IgA2.0 nachweisen. Entgegen früherer Studien, die eine Überlegenheit der dimeren gegenüber den jeweiligen monomeren IgA-Antikörpern zeigten, übertrug sich die verbesserte Rezeptorbindung des IgA3.0 nicht auf die Funktionalität im ADCC-Assay. Im impedanzbasierten ADCC-Assay wurde eine verminderte Effektivität im Vergleich zum IgA2.0 gegenüber den untersuchten HPV- Kopf-Hals-Tumorzelllinien beobachtet. Interessanterweise zeigte sich das optimierte Dimer bei den HPV+ Kopf-Hals-Tumorzelllinien den anderen Dimeren überlegen und ähnlich effektiv wie das IgA2.0-Monomer. Der Überstand der HPV+ Zelllinien enthielt signifikant mehr sCD147 (soluble, lösliches CD147) und induzierte deutlich geringere Mengen an mCD147 (membranständiges CD147) auf den Granulozyten. Die mCD147 Dichte auf den Granulozyten korreliert mit der ADCC-Effektivität und eignet sich als prädiktiver Marker für die IgA-abhängige ADCC. Die Zugabe von sCD147 steigerte die ADCC-Effektivität des IgA3.0 dosisabhängig. Die Färbung von Gewebemikroarrays von Peniskarzinompatienten, einer weiteren HPV-assoziierten Tumorentität, zeigte eine gesteigerte CD147-Expression im Tumorzentrum und identifizierte auf diese Weise im Zusammenhang mit myeloischem Infiltrat HPV+ Patienten mit einem erhöhten Metastasierungspotential.
Die Anwendung der optimierten IgA-Antikörper im ADCC-Assay an adhärenten Tumorzelllinien ergab, dass auch Tumorpatienten mit infiltrierenden Neutrophilen und einem Markerprofil, welches mit einer schlechten Prognose einhergeht (hohe EGFR-Expression, hohe CD147-Expression), in Zukunft vermutlich von einer IgA-Antikörperbasierten Immuntherapie profitieren könnten.Human IgA antibodies engage granulocytes for antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of tumor cells more effectively than the antibodies of the IgG isotype so far approved for tumor therapy. In previous studies, engineering of the IgA antibodies has improved their biochemical and functional properties. This led to the development of an optimized IgA2m(1) antibody with significantly enhanced pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy in vivo. This monomeric IgA targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), designated IgA2.0, served as the starting point of this work.
A label-free, impedance-based real-time measurement for the analysis of IgA-dependent granulocyte-mediated cytotoxicity was established, that uses adherently growing tumor cells. Short-term measurements confirmed the results from previous release assays and reaffirmed the correlation of efficacy with EGFR surface expression on the target cells, while supporting trogoptosis as the underlying mechanism of granulocyte cytotoxicity towards tumor cells. The possibility of long-term measurement revealed tumor cell line-specific kinetics and suggested that granulocytes were exhausted, which resulted in the regrowth of tumor cells that had not been eliminated due to insufficient ADCC.
The IgA antibody produced in this work designated IgA3.0, represents a further development of IgA2.0. It showed effective dimerization utilizing the J-chain and proved to be more stable than the IgA2 wildtype due to the covalent connection of the heavy and light chains. Functional experiments demonstrated improved fab-mediated functions, such as growth inhibition of tumor cells, and enhanced FcαRI binding compared to IgA2.0. However, contrary to previous studies that demonstrated superiority of the dimeric variants compared to the respective monomeric IgA antibodies, the improved receptor binding of IgA3.0 did not translate into efficacy of the ADCC-assay. In impedance-based ADCC assays IgA3.0 showed reduced effectiveness against the investigated HPV- head and neck tumor cell lines compared to IgA2.0. Interestingly the optimized dimer outperformed the other dimers against the HPV+ head and neck tumor cell lines and was found to be similarly effective as the IgA2.0 monomer. The supernatant of the HPV+ cell lines contained significantly more sCD147 (soluble) and induced notably lower amounts of mCD147 (membranous) on the granulocytes. The mCD147 density on the granulocytes correlated with ADCC efficacy and is suitable as a predictive marker for IgA-dependent ADCC. Addition of sCD147 increased the ADCC efficacy of the IgA3.0 in a dose-dependent manner. Staining of tissue microarrays from penile cancer patients, another HPV-associated tumor entity, revealed increased CD147 expression in the tumor center and marked, in association with myeloid infiltrate, HPV+ patients with higher metastatic potential.
Using optimized IgA antibodies in the ADCC-assay on adherently growing tumor cell lines showed that tumor patients with infiltrating neutrophils and a marker profile associated with poor prognosis (high EGFR expression, high CD147 expression) could potentially benefit from IgA antibody-based immunotherapy in future
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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