1,720,964 research outputs found
Management, prevention and outcome of myocardial infarction in native vs foreign-born patients
No full textBackground Sweden’s evolving demographic composition, due to immigration and influx of refugees, has resulted in a more diverse myocardial infarction (MI) population, characterised by a higher prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidaemia, as well as an increased incidence of MI. Reports on disparities in MI care and outcomes remain conflicting. Prehospital and hospital delays, driven by a lack of symptom recognition, communication barriers, and difficulties navigating a complex healthcare system, are associated with higher mortality and may disproportionately affect foreign-born patients. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is critical for modifying CV risk factors and encouraging healthy lifestyle changes. However, language and cultural barriers often impede access to preventive services, patient education, and adherence to treatment plans among foreign-born populations. Previous studies regarding treatment and prognosis after MI are conflicting. Data regarding CR in foreign-born populations is minimal. Aims Paper I: To assess baseline characteristics, in-hospital management, discharge medications, and short- and long-term outcomes after MI by geographic region of birth. Paper II: To evaluate ambulance utilisation and prehospital and in-hospital delays in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Paper III: To examine CR participation and the achievement of secondary prevention goals (SBP [systolic blood pressure], LDL-C[Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol], smoking cessation, and completion of centre-based physical exercise) in foreign-born versus native-born MI patients. Paper IV: To investigate Heart School (HS) attendance, the role of professional interpreters, and the association between HS participation and attainment of secondary prevention goals. Methods The SWEDEHEART registry contains data on medical history, procedures, medications, and outcomes. Data from the National Patient Register (hospital admissions and ICD diagnoses), Statistics Sweden (education, income, and socioeconomic indicators), and the SWEDEHEART registry were linked into one database, which was used for Papers I-III. For Paper IV, the aforementioned data, together with data gathered in the Perfect Cardiac Rehabilitation (Perfect CR) study, which integrated organisational and patient-level data from all 78 CR centres in Sweden, were merged. Organisational variables were collected via detailed questionnaires, while patient data were reported to SWEDEHEART. Logistic regression, propensity score matching, and survival analyses with Cox proportional hazard regression and Kaplan Meier survival analysis were utilised. Results Paper I showed that foreign-born MI patients were younger, predominantly male, and had higher smoking, diabetes, and STEMI rates than native patients. Coronary angiography was more common in Nordic, non-EU European, and patients born in Asia, while revascularisation was more frequent among patients from Asia. Being born in Asia was associated with lower 30-day mortality and better long-term outcomes, including long-term MACE and mortality. Paper II analysed STEMI care and delays. Nordic-born patients had the highest ambulance use, while non-EU Europeans had the lowest. Pre-hospital delays were the shortest in patients born in Asia and the longest in Nordic patients. Total ischemic times <150 minutes were more likely in patients from the EU, Asia, and the Americas. Among primary PCI patients, patients from Africa and the Americas had the shortest system delays. Paper III demonstrated lower CR participation among foreign-born patients, particularly those from Asia and Africa. However, patients from Asia achieved the highest SBP and LDL-C treatment goals, while Nordic patients had the lowest rates. Smoking cessation was most successful in non-EU Europeans, while physical activity targets were least met by patients from Asia. Centre-based exercise completion was also particularly low in patients from Asia and the Nordic countries. Paper IV showed that interpreter availability significantly improved HS attendance among foreign-born patients but had no effect on native-born patients. HS attendance was associated with better attainment of LDL-C and SBP treatment goals, smoking cessation and participation in centre-based physical exercise in both groups. Conclusions We found no evidence of disparities that disadvantaged foreign-born patients. Foreign-born patients had higher CV risk factors but shorter prehospital delays and similar ambulance utilisation. Hospital care was efficient, with few differences in key interventions such as coronary angiography, revascularisation, and statin therapy. CR participation was lower among foreign-born patients, likely due to language barriers, though secondary prevention targets were largely met. Notably, foreign-born patients, especially those from Asia, showed better outcomes, with lower 30-day mortality and better long-term outcomes, including long-term MACE and mortality.Bakgrund Hjärtinfarkt vanligen beror på åderförfettning, som är en långsam pro-cess där blodfetter och inflammatoriska ämnen bildar förträngningar i kranskärlen. Rökning, högt blodtryck, diabetes och fysisk inaktivitet är några av de riskfaktorer som samspelar och påskyndar åderförfettningsprocessen. När en förträngning i ett kranskärl brister, bildas det blodpropp i kärlet som orsakar en hjärtinfarkt. Det finns två huvudtyper av hjärtinfarkt, vilket har betydelse för val av behandlingsstrategi. ST-höjningsinfarkt är en allvarligare form av hjärtinfarkt som kräver en omedelbar åtgärd med ballongvidgning för att rädda hjärtmuskel och minska risken för senare komplikationer. Icke-ST-höjningsinfarkt är, i det akuta skedet, mindre allvarlig. Att känna igen symtom och genast ringa ambulans är mycket viktigt, eftersom tiden från symtom till be-handling avgör hur mycket hjärtmuskel kan räddas. Tidigt insatt läkemedelsbehandling, och följsamhet till denna, liksom förbättrade livsstilsfaktorer såsom rökstopp, en mera hälsosam kost och regelbunden fysisk träning är centrala delar i den förebyggande behandlingen efter en hjärtinfarkt. Idag är över 20 procent av befolkningen i Sverige utrikes födda och an-delen har ökat successivt. Språkliga och kulturella barriärer kan för-svåra kommunikationen med hälso- och sjukvården, inte minst vid akuta sjukdomar då det är bråttom att identifiera symptom, snabbt orientera sig i sjukvårdsystemet, och söka vård. Ifrån andra länder har det rapporterats att utrikes födda personer och etniska minoriteter haft sämre tillgång till god hälso- och sjukvård. Syftet med denna avhandling var att studera hur utrikes födda patienter, som drabbats av en hjärtinfarkt, behandlas i akutsituationen och under uppföljningen. Vidare ville vi undersöka hur dessa patienter del-tar i hjärtrehabilitering och hur väl de når uppsatta mål för sekundärprevention (behandling av blodtryck, blodfetter, rökstopp och deltagande i fysiskt träningsprogram) beroende på födelseland. Vi ville även undersöka hur prognosen är, under flera års uppföljning, efter en hjärtinfarkt hos utrikes födda jämfört med inrikes födda. Ytterligare ett syfte var att undersökta betydelsen av att erbjuda professionell tolk, för deltagande i hjärtskola, som är en del av hjärtrehabiliteringen. Metod I arbete I-III använde vi oss av data från det nationella kvalitetsregistret SWEDEHEART, i vilket nästan alla patienter med hjärtinfarkt eller genomgången kranskärlsröntgen registreras. Till dessa data kopplades data från Patientregistret, data från Befolkningsregistret och Statistiska Centralbyrån. Patienterna i de tre studierna delades upp i åtta grupper i studie I och i sju grupper i studie II och III beroende på födelseland. I arbete IV använde vi oss även av en enkät som skickades ut till alla hjärtrehabiliteringsenheter med specifika frågor om erbjudande av professionell tolk till patienter födda utomlands. Olika statistiska metoder användes för att jämföra grupperna samt för att justera för de observerade olikheterna mellan grupperna. Genom statistiska metoder har vi kunnat ta hänsyn till skillnader i ålder, kön och andra möjliga störfaktorer vid jämförelser mellan grupperna. Resultat Arbete I: I studien ingick 194 259 hjärtinfarktpatienter. Utrikes födda patienter var yngre, oftast män och hade högre förekomst av riskfaktorer som rökning, diabetes och högt blodtryck. Patienter födda i Asien behandlades oftare med akut kranskärlsröntgen/ballongvidgning och hade bättre prognos med 34 % lägre 30-dagars dödlighet, och lägre risk för allvarliga hjärtkärlhändelser i efterförloppet på både kort- och lång-sikt, i jämförelse med inrikes födda. Arbete II: Här analyserades ambulansanvändning och fördröjningstider hos 78 298 patienter med ST-höjningsinfarkt mellan 2008 och 2022. Ambulans användes oftare av patienter från Afrika. Alla utrikes födda patienter hade kortare fördröjningstider jämfört med inrikes födda med undantag av de födda i Norden och Afrika som inte visade någon skillnad med inrikes födda patienter. Arbete III: I detta arbete inkluderades 104 161. Samtliga grupper av utrikes födda patienter deltog i lägre grad i hjärtrehabilitering. Utrikes födda patienter uppnådde i flera fall uppnådde bättre behandlingsmål än inrikes födda. Arbete IV: I denna studie undersökte vi om erbjudande av professionell tolk påverkar graden av deltagande i hjärtskola (en del av hjärtrehabiliteringen) efter hjärtinfarkt bland totalt 8377 patienter. Endast 34 % av de utrikes födda deltog i hjärtskolan, jämfört med 51 % av de inrikes-födda. Deltagande för utrikes födda patienter ökade med ca 50% om de vårdades vid en enhet som erbjöd professionella tolkar. Hjärtskolan vi-sade sig vara kopplad till bättre behandlingsresultat, såsom bättre blod-tryckskontroll, lägre nivåer av blodfetter, rökstopp och ökad fysisk aktivitet, oavsett patientens födelseland. Slutsats Studien visade att utrikes födda hade kortare fördröjningar och åkte ambulans till sjukhus i lika stor utsträckning som inrikes födda. Sjuk-husvården var effektiv, med få skillnader i utredning, behandlingsåtgärder, och läkemedelsbehandling. Deltagande i hjärtrehabilitering var lägre, sannolikt på grund av språkliga barriärer. Trots detta uppnåddes behandlingsmålen i hög grad för utrikes födda patienter, i synnerhet hos patienter från Asien som också hade bäst prognos på kort- och långsikt. 2024-12-18: ISSN has been added in the E-version.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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