104,810 research outputs found
Reply to Comment by A.P. Nutman et al. on “Tectonics of the Isua Supracrustal Belt 1: P-T-X-d Constraints of a Poly-Metamorphic Terrane” by A. Ramírez-Salazar et al. and “Tectonics of the Isua Supracrustal Belt 2: Microstructures Reveal Distributed Strain in the Absence of Major Fault Structures” by J. Zuo et al.
No full textStructural and metamorphic analyses from the works under discussion (Ramírez-Salazar et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020tc006516; Zuo et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020tc006514) show that the Isua supracrustal rocks can be interpreted to record one single deformation and metamorphic event featuring quasi-homogeneous deformation and amphibolite facies metamorphism, followed by late static retrogression or thermal event(s). Observed deformation and metamorphic records are consistent with three hypotheses: (a) they represent Neoarchean plate tectonic overprints following Eoarchean plate tectonic evolution (e.g., Nutman et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021TC007036); (b) they represent Eoarchean heat-pipe and/or plate tectonic deformation that survived later tectonic event(s) (e.g., Ramírez-Salazar et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020tc006516; Zuo et al., 2021, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020tc006514), and; (c) they represent one major Neoarchean tectonic event, such that the Isua supracrustal belt (ISB) records Eoarchean protolith-related processes but does not record Eoarchean metamorphism nor deformation. While a heat-pipe model for crustal formation is central to hypothesis 2, it is also a viable crustal formation mechanism for hypothesis 3 where the ISB would still form in a heat-pipe setting in Eoarchean time, but the major deformation of the heat-pipe lithosphere happened during Neoarchean time, probably by (proto-)plate tectonic processes. If the data presented in Zuo et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020tc006514 and Ramírez-Salazar et al. (2021), https://doi.org/10.1029/2020tc006516 only reflect Neoarchean histories, then these cannot be used to refute or support any Eoarchean geodynamic background for the formation of the ISB
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
T Cells Dysfunction in Multiple Myeloma
No full textLinyu Cai,1 Liping Zuo,1 Guangqi Wang,1 Qun Li,1 Chi Ma,1 Jianghua Wu,1 Chunyan Sun,1 Yu Hu1,2 1Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Biological Targeted Therapy (Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chunyan Sun, Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected] Yu Hu, Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Dadao, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a kind of plasma cell hematologic malignancy. Notable advancements in patient survival have been achieved due to the clinical application of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-T) and bispecific T cell engagers (TCEs). However, the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the bone marrow hinders the effectiveness of these novel immunotherapies, consequently restricting their efficacy. Hence, it is imperative to clarify the exact mechanisms to devise strategies aimed at improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. In this review, we provide a systematic overview of recent research concerning the different T cell subtypes in the immune evasion mechanisms of MM. The review emphasizes the imbalance between the immune surveillance and the immune suppression, and highlight recent studies about unconventional T cells, the metabolic control of immune reactions, and novel therapeutic strategies aimed at addressing immune evasion mechanisms that promote the progression of MM.Keywords: multiple myeloma, immune escape, immunosuppressive cells, Th17, CTL, Tre
Family Assessment- Author Index
No full textAuthor Index (12 pages)
A-Z
A
Abbott, D.: 263 Abery, B.: 242 Abidin, R: 81, 265 Abramovitch, R: 134, 135, 136, 137, 139,142,143,144,145,146 Abril, s.: 118 Achenbach, T. M.: 12,47, 118, 223, 265 Acock, A. c.: 206 Adams, G. R: 205 Adams, S. J.: 226 Al-Khayyal, M.: 74 Alexander, J. F.: 75 Allisson, P. D.: 185 Alwin, D. F.: 182,191,194 Amato, P. R: 205- 231, 206, 207, 210, 213,215,216, 219, 221, 222, 224, 227,230 Ammerman, R : 263 Amoloza, T. 0 .: 170, 171,172,176, 179, 187, 188 Anastasi, A.: 265 Anderson, B. J.: 85 Anderson, c.: 117 Anderson, P. P.: 104 Anderson, S. A.: 79, 168, 177 Anthony, J.: 117 Apley, J.: 84 Aponte, H. J.: 117 Appelbaum, M.: 263 Arrington, A.: 11 Asher, S.: 82 Asterita, M. F. : 92 Attneave, c.: 121 Auslander, W. F: 85
Z
Zane, N .: 107, 119 Zetlin, A.: 263 Zill, N.: 83 Zuo, J.: 171, 180, 18
Family Assessment- Author Index
No full textAuthor Index (12 pages)
A-Z
A
Abbott, D.: 263 Abery, B.: 242 Abidin, R: 81, 265 Abramovitch, R: 134, 135, 136, 137, 139,142,143,144,145,146 Abril, s.: 118 Achenbach, T. M.: 12,47, 118, 223, 265 Acock, A. c.: 206 Adams, G. R: 205 Adams, S. J.: 226 Al-Khayyal, M.: 74 Alexander, J. F.: 75 Allisson, P. D.: 185 Alwin, D. F.: 182,191,194 Amato, P. R: 205- 231, 206, 207, 210, 213,215,216, 219, 221, 222, 224, 227,230 Ammerman, R : 263 Amoloza, T. 0 .: 170, 171,172,176, 179, 187, 188 Anastasi, A.: 265 Anderson, B. J.: 85 Anderson, c.: 117 Anderson, P. P.: 104 Anderson, S. A.: 79, 168, 177 Anthony, J.: 117 Apley, J.: 84 Aponte, H. J.: 117 Appelbaum, M.: 263 Arrington, A.: 11 Asher, S.: 82 Asterita, M. F. : 92 Attneave, c.: 121 Auslander, W. F: 85
Z
Zane, N .: 107, 119 Zetlin, A.: 263 Zill, N.: 83 Zuo, J.: 171, 180, 18
Handwritten biographical information on Paulina T. McClung Merritt
No full textA handwritten biography of Paulina T. McClung Merritt by an unknown author, 1892.
Heterogeneous and tissue-specific regulation of effector T cell responses by IFN-gamma during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection.
No full textIFN-γ and T cells are both required for the development of experimental cerebral malaria during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection. Surprisingly, however, the role of IFN-γ in shaping the effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell response during this infection has not been examined in detail. To address this, we have compared the effector T cell responses in wild-type and IFN-γ(-/-) mice during P. berghei ANKA infection. The expansion of splenic CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells during P. berghei ANKA infection was unaffected by the absence of IFN-γ, but the contraction phase of the T cell response was significantly attenuated. Splenic T cell activation and effector function were essentially normal in IFN-γ(-/-) mice; however, the migration to, and accumulation of, effector CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in the lung, liver, and brain was altered in IFN-γ(-/-) mice. Interestingly, activation and accumulation of T cells in various nonlymphoid organs was differently affected by lack of IFN-γ, suggesting that IFN-γ influences T cell effector function to varying levels in different anatomical locations. Importantly, control of splenic T cell numbers during P. berghei ANKA infection depended on active IFN-γ-dependent environmental signals--leading to T cell apoptosis--rather than upon intrinsic alterations in T cell programming. To our knowledge, this is the first study to fully investigate the role of IFN-γ in modulating T cell function during P. berghei ANKA infection and reveals that IFN-γ is required for efficient contraction of the pool of activated T cells
FIGURE 3 in Triplophysa sanduensis, a new loach species of nemacheilid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from South China
No full textFIGURE 3. Distribution of the six Triplophysa species distributed in Guizhou, South China: T. guizhouensis (diamond), T. jiarongensis (square), T. longibarbatus (triangle), T. longliensis (pentagon), T. nasobarbatula (circle), T. sanduensis (star), and T. zhenfengensis (hexagon).Published as part of Chen, Shi-Jing & Peng, Zuo-Gang, 2019, Triplophysa sanduensis, a new loach species of nemacheilid (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) from South China, pp. 375-384 in Zootaxa 4560 (2) on page 381, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4560.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/262755
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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