201,978 research outputs found
Texture Identification by Bounded Integration of Sensory Cortical Signals
No full textRecent work demonstrated that when a rat palpates a surface to identify its texture, signals generated by whisker kinematics are integrated by the brain, one touch at a time, until the accumulated evidence supports a well-grounded choice. The framework of decision making through bounded integration, previously attributed to primates, thus extends to rodents. In the present study, we ask whether vibrissal somatosensory cortex (vS1 and vS2) functions as the integrator of incoming evidence or, alternatively, as a relay of evidence to a downstream integrator. Rats carried out 1–6 touches per trial to discriminate among candidate textures. We calculated the evidence for each texture, per touch, carried by the firing rates of sets of neurons in vS1 and vS2. The quantity of information within vS1 and vS2 did not grow progressively; instead, the decision was accounted for by modeling a downstream integrator that accumulated packets of vS1 and vS2 texture information until the total quantity of evidence for one texture reached a boundary. In this behavioral task, vibrissal somatosensory cortex appears to act as a sensory relay. Bounded integration is likely to take place in regions targeted by somatosensory cortex. When a rat palpates a surface to identify texture, vibrissal kinematic evidence is integrated by the brain one touch at a time. In this study, Zuo and Diamond find that vibrissal somatosensory cortex (vS1 and vS2) acts as a touch-by-touch distributor of evidence to a downstream integrator, where accumulation to a boundary triggers the decision
Rats Generate Vibrissal Sensory Evidence until Boundary Crossing Triggers a Decision
No full textBehaviors in which primates collect externally generated streams of sensory evidence, such as judgment of random dot motion direction, are explained by a bounded integration decision model. Does this model extend to rodents, and does it account for behavior in which the motor system generates evidence through interactions with the environment? In this study, rats palpated surfaces to identify the texture before them, showing marked trial-to-trial variability in the number of touches prior to expressing their choice. By high-speed video, we tracked whisker kinematic features and characterized how they encoded the contacted texture. Next, we quantified the evidence for each candidate texture transmitted on each touch by the specified whisker kinematic features. The instant of choice was well fit by modeling the brain as an integrator that gives the greatest weight to vibrissal evidence on first touch and exponentially less weight to evidence on successive touches; according to this model, the rat makes a decision when the accumulated quantity of evidence for one texture reaches a boundary. In summary, evidence appears to be accumulated within the brain until sufficient to support a well-grounded choice. These findings extend the framework of bounded sensory integration from primates to rodents and from passively received evidence to evidence that is actively generated by the sensorimotor system. Faced with uncertain sensory inputs, primates integrate evidence over time to a decision boundary. Zuo and Diamond ask whether rats’ employ bounded integration as they generate tactile evidence to identify texture. On each trial, rats accumulate vibrissal signals across touches; they make a decision when the integrated quantity reaches a boundary
Dryopteris sukungiana Z. Y. Zuo 2022, sp. nov.
No full textDryopteris sukungiana Z. Y. Zuo, sp. nov. (Figs. 1 & 2), in Chinese 云Dzfl毛ƃ (yún nán lín máo jué). Type:— CHINA. Yunnan: Maguan, 103°59’ E / 22°50’ N, 1950 m alt., 22 June 2021, Z. Y. Zuo 4660 (holotype KUN-1519949; isotypes HITBC-0061304, KUN-1519950, PE-02354809). Diagnosis:— The scales of Dryopteris sukungiana are blackish brown and spreading (Fig. 3E), which is different from all other species in the D. sparsa complex (Fig. 3D, 3F). Dryopteris sukungiana is similar to the ‘typical’ Sino-Himalayan D. sparsa with erect rhizomes, deltoid or pentagonal tripinnatifid to tripinnate lamina, basal pinnae abruptly broadened toward the base (Fig. 3A, 3B), but differs in having glandular hairs and small fibrillose scales on the abaxial surface of the lamina and the indusia (Fig. 3G, 3H). It resembles the Sino-Japanese D. sparsa in the catadromous pinnules of the second pair of pinnae and glandular hairs on the indusia and the abaxial surface of the lamina (Fig. 3H, 3I); however, the lamina of the Sino-Japanese D. sparsa is ovate-deltoid, and the basal pinnae are gradually broadened (Fig. 3C). Dryopteris sukungiana also looks like D. angustipalea Darnaedi, M. Kato & K. Iwats. (1989a: 308); however, the latter is endemic to Indonesia, and in which the lamina is ovate-deltoid, the basal pinnae are gradually broadened toward the base, rachis and costae are glabrous. Plants 30–60 cm tall. Rhizome erect, up to 8 cm long and 2 cm in diameter, clothed with blackish brown, linear- or ovate-lanceolate, spreading, entire scales. Stipe slightly shorter than lamina, ca. 17–38 cm, covered with glandular hairs when young, brown at base, with blackish brown linear- or ovate-lanceolate, spreading, entire, scales. Lamina papery, glossy, deltoid or pentagonal, ca. 26–53 × 18–35 cm, tripinnatifid to tripinnate, base not narrowed, apex acuminate, with glandular hairs on abaxial surface. Pinnae 9–17 pairs, deltate-lanceolate, up to 16 × 6 cm, apex caudate-acuminate; Basal 1–3 pairs opposite and alternate upward, oblique, stalked approximately 1–2 cm. Basal pinnae abruptly broadened toward the base. Pinnules 9–23 pairs, margin serrate to lobed, opposite at base and alternate upward, lanceolate to rounded, base broadly cuneate, asymmetrical, apex obtuse to truncate. Basal basiscopic pinnules of basal pinnae longest, ca. 5–8 × 2–3 cm, base widest, 2-pinnate. Pinnules of the second pair of pinnae catadromous. Rachis and costa clothed with glandular hairs and small fibrillose scales. Veins pinnate, forked, distinct on both surfaces. Sori close to costa on pinnules, with a wide sterile belt on both sides of costa distal to sori. Indusia orbicularreniform, entire, with glandular hairs. Reproductive mode and ploidy level: sexual tetraploid. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — CHINA. Yunnan: Baoshan, Z. Y. Zuo 1615 & 4937; Cangyuan, Z. Y. Zuo 2862; Kunming, J. M. Lu 179; Longling, X. Cheng et al., FB581; Tengchong, Z. Y. Zuo 1498, 1520 & 4949. Ecology and geographical distribution: — Dryopteris sukungiana was found in mountain forests at alt. 1900‒ 2450 m in the central, southern, and southwestern parts of Yunnan Province, China, and perhaps in other neighboring areas. Etymology:— In honor of late Prof. Su-Gong Wu (Su-Kung Wu in Wide-Giles transliteration) (1935-2013), for his contributions to the taxonomic studies on ferns in China, and especially the contributions to collections and studies on the ferns of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. He also edited some sections of Dryopteris in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China.Published as part of Zuo, Zheng-Yu, Lu, Jin-Mei, Wang, Yue-Hua & Li, De-Zhu, 2022, Dryopteris sukungiana (Dryopteridaceae), a new species of the D. sparsa complex from Southwest China, pp. 256-266 in Phytotaxa 533 (5) on pages 260-264, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.533.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/614496
Author Correction: A shared neural basis underlying psychiatric comorbidity
No full textCorrection to: Nature Medicine. Published online 24 April 2023. In the version of this article initially published, the STRATIFY data also included cohort data from the ESTRA consortium, though this was not acknowledged in the author list and the section in Methods on the Stratify dataset. The Methods are now updated, and the author list is amended to combine the STRATIFY and ESTRA consortium names and to include the following authors: Marina Bobou, M. John Broulidakis, Betteke Maria van Noort, Zuo Zhang, Lauren Robinson, Nilakshi Vaidya, Jeanne Winterer, Yuning Zhang, Sinead King, Hervé Lemaître, Ulrike Schmidt, Julia Sinclair, Argyris Stringaris and Sylvane Desrivières. The STRATIFY and ESTRA consortia are now combined to list Marina Bobou, M. John Broulidakis, Betteke Maria van Noort, Zuo Zhang, Lauren Robinson, Nilakshi Vaidya, Jeanne Winterer, Yuning Zhang, Sinead King, Gareth J. Barker, Arun L. W. Bokde, Hervé Lemaître, Frauke Nees, Dimitri Papadopoulos Orfanos, Ulrike Schmidt, Julia Sinclair, Argyris Stringaris, Henrik Walter, Robert Whelan, Sylvane Desrivières and Gunter Schumann as members, and the IMAGEN consortium is updated to also include Sylvane Desrivières. Affiliations, author contributions and acknowledgements have been updated to reflect the new authorship, and all changes have been made in the HTML and PDF versions of the article
A discourse on the concept of virtuality in globally dispersed teams
No full textM. Reza Hosseini, Nicholas Chileshe, Jian Zuo, and Bassam Baroud
Prognosticon Anthonii Torquati, weyland eynes berümpten Astrologi zuo Ferrarien, Vom jar M. CCCC. LXXX. biss auff das M.D.XL. werende : Auss dem Latein verdeutscht
No full textErscheinungsjahr aus Kolophon: "Zuo Wormbs truckts Sebastianus Wagner, im[m] Jar nach der geburt Christi unsers lieben Herrn und seligmachers M. D. xxxvj.
Why sustainable construction? Why not? An owner's perspective
No full textLink to a related website: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/82171/1/FINAL%20VERSIONa.pdf, Open Access via UnpaywallAbstract not available.Xiaolong Gan, Jian Zuo, Kunhui Ye, Martin Skitmore, Bo Xion
Eyn new Rechenbuoch : Wie mann eyn ordenliche Raittung, oder Rechnung, mancherley innemens und aussgebens, auch über eyn gantze Amptsverwaltigung, oder Schaffneien, stellen soll ...
No full textJtzunt von newem durch Christophorum Stiltzen von Bützow im hindern Bregantzer Waltd, ettwan Schaffner zuo Pfürd ... Stattschreibern zuo Gebwyler ... zusamen getragenKolophon: "Getruckt zuo Strassburgk bey M. Jacob CammerLander. Anno. M. D. XLJJ.
Minooa longisacca Qi & Zuo 2021, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Minooa longisacca</i> sp. nov. <p>(Figs 2, 3)</p> <p>Type material. China, Xizang Autonomous Region: Holotype ♂, Mêdog County (29.33°N, 95.33°E), 1016 m, 4- VIII-2018, leg. Mujie Qi, genitalia slide No. QMJ19090.</p> <p>Paratype: 1 ♂, Dexing (29.32°N, 95.30°E), Mêdog County, 833 m, 18-VIII-2017, leg. Mujie Qi, Xiaofei Yang, genitalia slide No. QMJ19089.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b>. This species is most similar to <i>M</i>. <i>carinata</i> Qi, Bae & Li, 2019 in the male genitalia, but it can be distinguished from the latter by the process at base of the sacculus about 2/5 the length of the uncus, dorsalmedial edge of the process dentate, and the ridge connecting apex of the sacculus and base of the costa without strong hairs. In <i>M</i>. <i>carinata</i> (Fig. 4), the process at base of the sacculus is as long as the uncus, the dorsalmedial edge of the process is not dentate, and the ridge connecting the apex of the sacculus and the base of the costa bears strong hairs on its inner 1/2.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Adult male (Fig. 2) wingspan 16.0– 17.5 mm. Frons and vertex covered with yellowish-brown scales, slightly mixed with fuscous and reddish brown. Labial palpus fuscous, mixed with brownish-yellow scales on outer side, brownish yellow on inner side, first segment about 1/3 length of second, third segment slightly shorter than first. Maxillary palpus brownish yellow, almost as long as third segment of labial palpus. Proboscis with fuscous scales at base. Antenna with scape dilated, brownish yellow dorsally, fuscous ventrally, with length about 3.5 times of width; flagellum yellowish brown dorsally, fuscous ventrally. Patagium fuscous, mixed with reddish brown scales slightly; tegula fuscous. Forelegs fuscous, tibia suffused with brownish-yellow scales slightly; midlegs fuscous, tibia covered with fuscous, long hairs; hindlegs with femur fuscous, suffused with brownish-yellow scales, tibia brownish yellow, suffused with fuscous scales slightly, spurs almost fuscous on outer side, tarsus pale yellow. Forewing fuscous; basal and median areas with anterior 1/5 reddish brown along costa; costal margin fuscous, interrupted by several pale yellow spots at median area; antemedial line pale yellow and sinuous, oblique outward from basal 2/5 of costa to basal 2/5 of dorsum, anterior part enlarged into a flat triangular patch at costa; postmedial line pale yellow, discontinuous and represented by small pale yellow dots, from distal 1/6 of costa to distal 1/8 of dorsum, strongly arched outwardly at middle, anterior part enlarged into a bean-shaped patch at costa; fringe fuscous. Hindwing concolorous with forewing; ante- and postmedial lines pale yellow, sinuous and discontinuous; postmedial line distinct on ventral side of hindwing; fringe fuscous.</p> <p> <b>Male genitalia</b> (Fig. 3) Uncus rounded distally, basal 1/3 expanded and gradually narrows, distal 2/3 with both lateral sides parallel, sparsely setose laterally. Gnathos with lateral arm slim and band-shaped, distal process hooked at apex, about 2/3 length of uncus. Valva with basal half smooth, distal half triangular and hairy; sacculus bandlike, a shorter, sclerotized, bifurcated process arising from its base, about 1/5 length of sacculus, dorsalmedial edge dentate; a ridge with hairs sparsely connecting apex of sacculus and base of costa, with a short thorn-like process at apex of ridge. Juxta tongue-shaped, about 2/5 length of sacculus, scobinate medially, slightly cleft posteriorly. Saccus cone-shaped, rounded anteriorly, as long as sacculus. Phallus cylindrical, slightly longer than valva, cornuti composed of a row of 12–15 thorns.</p> <p> <b>Female</b> Unknown.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> China (Xizang).</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name is derived from the Latin <i>longi</i> (long) and <i>saccus</i> (saccus), in reference to the large size of saccus in male genitalia.</p>Published as part of <i>Qi, Mujie & Zuo, Xinghai, 2021, A new species of Minooa Yamanaka, 1996 (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) from Xizang China, pp. 191-197 in Zootaxa 4949 (1)</i> on pages 193-196, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4949.1.12, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4635714">http://zenodo.org/record/4635714</a>
Diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and their relations to plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines: a population-based study in China
No full textH. Zuo, Z. Shi, X. Hu, M. Wu, Z. Guo and A. Hussai
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