177,163 research outputs found
Dolichandra coccinea M. Nascim., Zuntini & J. F. B. Pastore 2023, comb. nov.
No full text<p> <i>Dolichandra coccinea</i> (Vellozo) M.Nascim., Zuntini & J.F.B.Pastore <i>comb. nov.</i></p> <p> ≡ <i>Bignonia coccinea</i> Vellozo Florae Fluminensis (1829 [1825]: 250), non ‘ <i>Bignonia coccinea</i> (Prush) Steudel’, Nomencl. Bot. (1821: 109), pro syn. ≡ <i>Macfadyena coccinea</i> (Vellozo) Miers, Proc. Hort. Soc. 3 (1863: 200). Protologue: “ <i>Habitat Silvis Mediterraneis</i> ”. Lectotype (designated here):—Icon. ined. “Didyn. Angyosp. BIGNONIA <i>coccinea</i> <i>Tab. 42</i> ”. Secç„o de Manuscritos, Bibliot. Nac. (Rio de Janeiro), nº. I-17,03, 002; mss1198655_046.</p> <p> = <i>Dolichandra cynanchoides</i> Chamisso, Linnaea 7: 658. 1832. Lectotype (designated by Fonseca <i>et al.</i> 2017: 10):— BRAZIL. Unknown state, s.d., <i>Sellow F. s.n.</i> (HAL0016196!). <i>syn. nov.</i></p> <p> <b>Habitat, distribution and phenology:</b> — <i>Dolichandra coccinea</i> was collected in the southern region in Brazil, also occurring in Argentina, Bolivia, Uruguay and Paraguay. The species is distributed in vegetation of Atlantic Forest, usually found between 500 and 800 m alt. The species flowering, generally, from October to April and fruits from November to July (Fonseca <i>et al.</i> 2017, treated under <i>D. cynanchoides</i>).</p> <p> <b>Morphology and ecology:</b> —The comprehensive description of species was provided by Fonseca <i>et al.</i> (2017). The pollination syndrome existing in flowers of Bignoniaceae, is based on different groups of pollinators, among them hummingbirds (Gentry 1974a; 1974b). <i>Dolichandra coccinea</i> is a species which possibly sees this type of interaction.</p> <p> <b>Note:</b> —The lectotype was chosen based on the Vellozo’s original material, an unpublished plate kept by Biblioteca Nacional in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), following the Pastore <i>et al.</i> (2022) recommendations. In addition, also was published a copy of the plate in Arquivo Nacional Torre do Tombo (Lisboa), at collection “Manuscrito da Livraria”.</p> <p> <b>Taxonomic Note:</b> — <i>Dolichandra</i> can be easily distinguished from other Bignoniaceae genera by several putative synapomorphies: multiple dissected phloem wedges from the propagation of parenchyma without significance (Pace 2015), tendrils uncinate or in claw like form, colpate pollen with a psilate exine (Gentry & Tomb 1979) and fruits with four divisions (Lohmann & Taylor 2014). The flowers in the genus have corolla yellow or red, tubular or infundibuliform, lobes 5, anthers glabrous, ovary sessile, smooth and outside glabrous to puberulous, ovules in multiple series at placenta. The fruits are elliptic capsules, flattened or inflated with 2 or 4 valves glabrous partially divided longitudinally (Lohmann & Taylor 2014).</p> <p> Among the species in the genus, <i>D. coccinea</i> is characterized by: the purplish calyx and red corolla, stipitate ovary, flattened and oblong fruit. A comprehensive description for this species was presented by Fonseca <i>et al.</i> (2017), treated under <i>D. cynanchoides</i>. Gentry (1975) was the first to recognize <i>B. coccinea</i> Vellozo, non <i>B. coccinea</i> Steudel and <i>D. cynanchoides</i> as co-specific, however providing an explanation. The examination of the plate of <i>Bignonia coccinea</i> Vellozo non <i>Bignonia coccinea</i> (Prush) Steudel in conjunction with the protologue reveals several characters that support this affinity, like: persistent bracts; scarlet and spathaceous calyces; creamish corolla (not common, but coinciding with early anthesis (Palacios <i>et al.</i> 2019); fruits with persistent calyx; and flowering phenology. The only character that differs significantly is the tendrils: while in <i>Dolichandra</i> the tendrils are always trifid and uncinated (Lohmann & Taylor 2014), they are depicted as simple in the plate, which could be just an overlooked morphology or an artifact during the collection.</p> <p> Despite Gentry’s (1975) accurate assessment of the identity of <i>Bignonia coccinea</i> Vell., he opted not to adopt Vellozo’s name, presuming it to be an illegitimate name (later homonym) due to <i>Bignonia coccinea</i> Steudel (1821). The examination of Steudel’s work, however, reveals that <i>B. coccinea</i> Steudel is not validly published Steudel’s work “ <i>Nomenclator botanicus</i> ” consists in an attempt to list all plant names at his time, not including descriptions, and often inadvertently proposing new names that are listed as synonyms in other species. This is the case of <i>Bignonia coccinea</i> Steudel, a new name proposed based on <i>Bignonia radicans</i> var. <i>coccinea</i> Pursh (1814). Since Steudel listed the basionym of <i>B. coccinea</i> as a synonym of <i>Bignonia radicans</i> Linnaeus, the name is not accepted by him, hindering it invalid (Turland <i>et al.</i> 2018, Art. 36.1b). Consequently, <i>B. coccinea</i> Vellozo (1829) is legitimate and has priority over <i>Dolicandra cynanchoides</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Nascimento, Matheus, Zuntini, Alexandre R. & Pastore, José Floriano B., 2023, A new combination in Dolichandra (Bignoniaceae) from Brazil, pp. 200-204 in Phytotaxa 616 (2)</i> on page 201, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.616.2.11, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8389517">http://zenodo.org/record/8389517</a>
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
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