1,721,024 research outputs found
The PoroSightR-F test: A simple rapid manual dipstick test to detect Plasmodium falciparum infection
No full textA rapid diagnostic for Plasmodium falciparum based on an antigen capture has been incorporated in a simple, easily interpreted dipstick by Becton Dickinson Advanced Diagnostics. In this article Clive Shiff, Japhet Minjas and Zul Premji discuss its evaluation in rural Tanzania and the implications of such a test in handling malaria cases under field conditions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Malaria control measures : impact on malaria and anaemia in holoendemic area of rural coastal Tanzania
No full textMalaria is a major public health problem in tropical Africa. It is particularly the main killer disease in children below five years and its health impact is most severe in the rural areas. Malarial anaemia is believed to be the main complication in high endemic areas. However both clinical and basic research on this topic has been largely neglected so far. Epidemiological and intervention studies on anaemia and malaria including malaria case-management were therefore conducted in rural areas of Bagamoyo district on the coast of Tanzania.The aims of these studies were to describe malaria epidemiology especially morbidity of malaria associated with anaemia, mortality in young children and malaria case- management practices. In addition, clinical diagnosis and a simple new dipstick diagnostic test were evaluated. An attempt was then made to evaluate sustainable malaria control measures. The impact of chemotherapy in combination with insecticide treated bed nets and micronutrients with iron on malaria morbidity were evaluated.The main findings were that in young children the prevalence of parasitaemia was over 80% with frequent high parasite densities and 2.8 malaria episodes/child/annum. Anaemia was prevalent and associated with parasitaemia and clinical malaria episodes. The prevalence of anaemia (PCV 70% and that of severe anaemia 2.5% (PCV Demographic surveillance of child mortality under five years of age revealed 192 deaths in two years in a population of 3000 under five years. Of these, 148 were infant deaths giving a infant mortality rate of 131/1000 live births (95% CI 101, 154). There were 44 deaths in children 1 to 4 years of age, an annual child mortality rate of 10/1000 (95% CI 6.1, 14.3). Using verbal autopsy questionnaires, 56% of the deaths under 4 years were tentatively attributed to malaria. Most deaths due to malaria were associated with symptoms suggestive of severe anaemia.At all health care levels 90% of children presenting with fever history were considered as malaria patients and treated with chloroquine. Clinical history taking and physical examination was not adequately performed, especially at the dispensary level. Microscopy where available, was not used to complement the clinical diagnosis and fever history was still the main determining factor for chloroquine treatment (P The use of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) had a significant impact on malaria morbidity in children under three years. When compared to control children the relative risk of parasitaemia was 0.45 (0.36-0.57), similarly parasitaemia of 5000/1ll was reduced. The relative risks for febrile episode with parasitaemia was 0.39 (0.29-0.53).</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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