1,721,013 research outputs found
An integrated ecohydrological monitoring in a forested pre-alpine catchment for the quantification of water fluxes
No full text
Streamflow-soil moisture hysteresis analysis as a tool to understand runoff generation processes
No full textHysteresis in streamflow-water table relation provides a new classification system of rainfall-runoff events
Full text linkRainfall-runoff event types can be used to better understand the hydrological functioning of catchments. In this study, we propose a framework to characterize and classify runoff events relying on the hysteresis analysis of the relation between streamflow (independent variable) and depth to water table (dependent variable). We evaluated hysteresis for 112 rainfall-runoff events occurred in the period 2012-2016 in a small forested catchment in the Italian Pre-Alps. Three main groups of rainfall-runoff events were identified, each associated with specific hydro-meteorological characteristics of the events. A first group, identified by a faster response of streamflow compared to the groundwater level (which led to a clockwise hysteretic loop), was characterized by dry antecedent conditions, short rainfall events, low streamflow peaks and small runoff coefficients. A second group had characteristics similar to the first group, that is, faster response of streamflow compared to the groundwater level (clockwise hysteretic loop), but on average displayed a narrower hysteretic loop. A third group, identified by a faster response of the groundwater level compared to streamflow (which led to an anti-clockwise loop), was characterized by wet antecedent conditions, long rainfall events, high streamflow peaks and large runoff coefficients. Results showed statistically significant differences among the groups, corroborated by an analysis based on environmental tracers (H-2 and electrical conductivity). This study shows how the analysis of the hysteretic relation between streamflow and depth to water table can be used for grouping rainfall-runoff events and to better identify the catchment's hydrological response to rainfall inputs
Runoff generation in mountain catchments: long-term hydrological monitoring in the Rio Vauz Catchment, Italy
Full text linkTrying to obtain a more detailed understanding of the hydrological functioning of mountain catchments represents an important challenge in the effort of counteracting possible consequences of climate and land use change on water resources availability. Long-term (> 10 years) hydro-meteorological monitoring in small (typically 10 años) en pequeñas (< 10 km2) cuencas experimentales constituye una herramienta muy valiosa para conseguir este objetivo. La cuenca del Río Vauz (1,9 km2) en los Dolomitas italianos, representa un ejemplo excelente de cuenca monitorizada a largo plazo, afectada por proceso de fusión de nieve en regiones dolomíticas. El fuerte gradiente altitudinal de la cuenca del Río Vauz y las diferentes propiedades fisiográficas de sus cuencas anidadas hace que éste sea un sitio único para investigar los mecanismos fundamentales de generación de escorrentía en cuencas de cabecera en zonas de montaña. En este trabajo se ofrece una revisión de los procesos físicos que se infieren a partir del seguimiento hidrológico que se ha llevado a cabo en esta cuenca a lo largo de 12 años. Se presenta la base de datos disponible y se sintetizan los procesos hidrológicos principales que explican el funcionamiento interno de la cuenca del Río Vauz, centrándose en los siguientes comportamientos hidrológicos: umbrales, histéresis y conectividad. El principal mecanismo que controla el umbral de respuesta de las escorrentías superficial y subsuperficial está constituido por la combinación de tres factores: condiciones antecedentes de la humedad del suelo, volumen de precipitación y topografía. Los cambios en los patrones de las curvas de histéresis (horarias y anti-horarias) entre caudal, humedad del suelo, nivel freático y conductividad eléctrica están determinados por la ocurrencia de procesos de generación de escorrentía diferentes y las características del evento de precipitación. La conectividad ladera-ribera-cauce está controlada por las condiciones antecedentes de humedad y el volumen de precipitación. La composición de los trazadores ambientales (isótopos estables del agua y conductividad eléctrica) en distintas fuentes de agua y la aplicación de modelos mixtos basados en trazadores ayudan a diferenciar las fuentes de escorrentía y cuantificar el papel de la lluvia y la fusión de nieve en el caudal. Finalmente, se define un modelo perceptual de procesos de generación de escorrentía en condiciones secas y húmedas que puede ser considerado representativo de muchas cuencas de cabecera en zonas de montaña del mundo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Permafrost mapping in a high-altitude catchment of the Ortles-Cevedale using spring water geochemistry
No full text- …
