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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Effects of human leucocyte interferon on hepatitis B virus replication and immune responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection.
No full textIn Vitro Behaviour of Tissue of Adult Mammalian Central Nervous System
Full text linkTissue of the central nervous system of adult rhesus monkeys has been successfully maintained in vitro by a culture technique that had been used for the cultivation of highly differentiated tissues. Neurons and some glial cells survived for 84 days in a chemically-defined, protein-free medium which was formulated in the course of this study. Attempts to Infect motor neurons in Implanted fragments of the anterior horn and cerebral cortex with poliovirus type 1 were unsuccessful. A cell-strain was established from trypsinized adult rhesus monkey cerebral tissue. The cultures, comprising choroid epithelial cells, astrocytes and microglial cells, were maintained in vitro by serial subcultivations. The cells retained their normal karyotype but degenerated after about six weeks. No endogenous virus was detected. The cultures supported the growth of a number of viruses. Echovirus type 11 and Coxsackie viruses types A7 and B3 produced cytopathogenic changes typical of the picornavirus group. Reovirus type 1 produced 1ntracytoplasm1c Inclusion bodies, and giant-cells were formed in monolayers Infected with vaccinia and herpes simplex virus. Vaccinia-infected cells were localised by haemadsorption. Vaccinia virus affected all cell-types Indiscriminately while with the other viruses, the choroid epithelial cells succumbed to Infection before the other cell types. Serological relationship between Coxsackie viruses A7 and B3 was determined by complement-fixation test. Coxsackie A7 antigen cross-reacted with anti-Coxsackie B3 serum, but no reaction was detected between Coxsackie B3 antigen and Coxsackie A7 antiserum. A hypothesis has been postulated for the antigenic structures of the two viruses to explain for this non-reciprocal cross-reaction. The potential usefulness of the newly-described cell strain Includes the study of neurotropic viruses Including the "slow viruses" and the primary Isolation of viruses from clinical materials
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Studies on the Nature of Hepatitis B Antigen
Full text linkStudies were undertaken to characterize the nature of hepatitis B antigens and their respective function in hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HB#Ag) was isolated from the plasma of asymptomatic chronic carriers by several methods including centrifugation, affinity chromatography and isoelectric focusing. Analysis of purified antigen revealed the presence of both lipid and protein together with significant levels of carbohydrate. A heterogeneity was demonstrated for HB Ag and this was found to be related in part to the organisation of the protein moiety of the antigen. Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) was isolated from the plasma of a proportion of carrier plasma. Activation of an associated DNA polymerase active on an endogenous template permitted the radiolabelling of HBcAg. Owing to the close association of the reaction product, such preparations were found suitable for use in a radioissnune procedure for the detection of antibody to this antigen. The possible location of all or part of the viral genome is discussed in viral antigens and their expression during the
relation to type B virus antigens and their expression during the course of infection
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