17 research outputs found
Sub Prime Crisis: Old and New Lessons
Get PDFUsing generation approach we examine the genesis and mechanisms in major financial crisis and focus on the recent sub – prime crisis. We believe that in the era of increased financial globalization a reliable approach has to consider besides fundamental factors multiple equilibriums and self – fulfilling character of financial crises. In recent global crisis again financial globalization implemented in periods of high international capital mobility have reputedly produced international banking crises. Progressing integration and increasing sophistication of the product and financial markets brought new forms and more global character of the crises events in the recent sub – prime crisis.financial crisis, sub-prime crisis, financial globalization, international capital, financial market
Model-based Production Control
Get PDFPoslovno okruženje zahtijeva trenutni odgovor na razne utjecaje proizvodnog procesa i globalnog tržišta. Sinteza sustava upravljanja cjelokupnim proizvodnim pogonom prepoznata je kao jedan od najznačajnijih problema procesne industrije. Za razvoj sustava upravljanja proizvodnjom nužan je odgovarajući model proizvodnog procesa za vrednovanje raznih struktura upravljanja. Razni proizvodni Kjučni Indikatori Kakvoće (KIK) mogu se identificirati u okviru modela i koristiti za izlučivanje relevantnih informacija o stanju proizvodnog procesa. Sustav upravljanja proizvodnim postrojenjem strukturiran je u nekoliko hijerarhijskih razina. Na razini upravljanja proizvodnjom izvedeno je upravljanje u zatvorenoj petlji s proizvodnim KIK kao upravljanim varijablama. U radu je prikazana simulacija polimerizacijskog proizvodnog postrojenja. Tim se postrojenjem može upravljati pomoću njegovih ulaznih varijabla,
koje su: brzina proizvodnje, kakvoća sirovine i slijed šaržnog procesa. Učinkovitost proizvodnje određuje se na osnovi sljedeća tri KIK: proizvodnost, očekivana kakvoća proizvoda i očekivani proizvodni troškovi. Ovi su KIK korišteni za upravljanje proceduralnim modelom procesa. Primijenjen je modelski prediktivni regulator za pomoć menadžerima u donošenju odluka. Regulator održava proizvodnost i očekivanu kakvoću proizvoda na zadanim vrijednostima. Preliminarni rezultati ukazuju na korisnost predložene metodologije.Business environment demands an instant replay to different influences that appear in the production process and in the global market. The synthesis of plant-wide control structures is recognized as one of the most important production-management design problems in the process industries. To develop a production control system, an appropriate model of the production process is needed to evaluate the various control strategies. Within the model different production Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) can be identified which are used to extract the relevant information about the state of the production process. The control systems in production plants are structured hierarchically into several levels. Closed-loop control at the production-management level using production KPIs as controlled variables was implemented. In this article, the simulation model of a polymerization production plant is presented. The plant can be controlled by its input variables, which are Production speed, Raw materials’ quality and Batch schedule and the efficiency of the production is determined based on three characteristic KPIs: Productivity, Mean product quality and Mean production costs. These KPIs are used to control the process of the procedural model. To help the manager with the decisions a model predictive controller (MPC) was used. With the controller it is assured to keep Productivity and Mean product quality indicators at the defined set-points. Preliminary results show the usefulness of the proposed methodology
Vodenje proizvodnje polimerizacije z uporabo proizvodnih kazalnikov učinkovitosti
Get PDFThe specifics of process manufacturing have a great influence on production management. The focus of process-production control is to maintain stable and cost-effective production within given constraints. The synthesis of production-control structures is thus recognized as one of the most important design problems in process-production management. This article proposes a closed-loop control structure with the utilization of production-performance indicators (pPIs) as a possible solution to this problem. Suggested concept takes into account also economic issues of production. pPIs represent the translation of operating objectives, such as the minimization of production costs, to a reduced set of control variables that can then be used in a feedback control. The idea of production-feedback control using production pPIs as controlled variables was implemented on a procedural model of a production process for a polymerization plant. Preliminary results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed methodology. At the implementation stage we must be aware that appropriate IT system has to be available which ensures needed online production data.Posebnosti procesne industrije imajo velik vpliv na vodenje proizvodnje. Poudarek vodenja proizvodnje v tovrstnih industrijah je na vzdrževanju stabilne in stroškovno učinkovite proizvodnje znotraj danih omejitev. Načrtovanje strukture sistema vodenja proizvodnje tako predstavlja enega izmed najbolj zahtevnih problemov. Kot možna rešitev omenjenega problema je v prispevku predlagan koncept zaprtozančnega vodenja z uporabo proizvodnih kazalnikov učinkovitosti (pPIs). Predlagan koncept upošteva tudi ekonomski vidik proizvodnje. Uporaba kazalnikov učinkovitosti omogoča prevedbo doseganja globalnih ciljev proizvodnje (npr. minimizacijo proizvodnih stroškov) v ustrezno izvedeno zaprtozančno vodenje izbrane podmnožice procesnih veličin. Ideja zaprtozančnega vodenja, kjer kazalnike pPI uporabimo kot regulirane veličine, je bila preizkušena na proceduralnem modelu proizvodnega procesa polimerizacije. Preliminarni rezultati kažejo na uporabnost predlagane metodologije ob predpogoju, da je v fazi implementacije potrebno zagotoviti ustrezno informacijsko podporo za zagotavljanje vseh potrebnih podatkov za vodenje proizvodnje
Post-contractual non-compete clause in commercial agency contracts
Get PDFThis paper deals with the legal regime governing post-contractual non-compete clauses in commercial agency contracts, analysing Slovenian legislation and its compliance with Directive86/653/EEC. The Slovenian Obligations Code (OZ) requires the mandatory payment of compensation for compliance with a non-compete clause only in cases where the contract is terminated for reasons attributable to the principal. The author stresses that such a regime may lead to a restriction of contractual freedom without adequate compensation, which is not in line with the spirit of the Directive. Based on a review of the regimes inrespect of non-compete clauses after the termination of a commercial agency contract in various European countries, including Croatia, the author finds that the regimes vary considerably between countries. The paper also focuses on the impact of non-compete clauses on indemnity, as the OZ requires such clauses to be taken into consideration in determining the amount. The author draws attention to the need for a fair balance of interests and for legislation to be revised to ensure that agents are protected against disproportionate restrictions without adequate compensation.Članek obravnava pravno ureditev konkurenčne klavzule po prenehanju pogodbe o trgovskem zastopanju, v okviru katere analizira slovensko zakonodajo in njeno skladnost z Direktivo 86/653/EGS. Slovenski Obligacijski zakonik (OZ) zahteva obvezno plačevanje odmene za spoštovanje konkurenčne klavzule zgolj v primerih, ko je pogodba prenehala zaradi razlogov na strani naročitelja. Po mnenju avtorja takšna ureditev lahko vodi v omejitev pogodbene svobode brez ustreznega plačila, kar ni v skladu z duhom direktive. Na podlagi pregleda ureditev konkurenčne klavzule po prenehanju pogodbe o trgovskem zastopanju v različnih evropskih državah, tudi na Hrvaškem, avtor ugotavlja, da se ureditev po posameznih državah zelo razlikuje. Avtor se osredotoča tudi na vpliv konkurenčne klavzule na odpravnino, saj OZ zahteva njeno upoštevanje pri določanju višine. Opozarja tudi na potrebo po pravičnem ravnotežju interesov in prilagoditvi zakonodaje, ki bi zagotavljala zaščito zastopnika pred nesorazmernimi omejitvami brez primernega nadomestila
Aldosterone, aldosterone receptor blockers and chronic kidney disease
No full textChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide
public health problem and an important risk
factor for cardiovascular events, morbidity and
mortality. The renin-angiotensin-aldosteron
system (RAAS) drugs, angiotensin-converting
enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor
blockers contribute to a better evaluation
of patients with CKD. Despite good efficacy of
mentioned drugs, progressive decline of kidney
function was observed, suggesting a hypothesis
that both aldosterone activity related mechanism
and some RAAS independent mechanisms may
result in progressive kidney failure.
The author of the article described the role of aldosterone
and aldosterone receptor blockers in
patients with CKD
MACRO AND MICRO FACTORS OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS
Get PDFNaloga govori o makro in mikro ekonomskih dejavnikih, ki so vplivali na nastanek globalne finančne krize. Izpostavljeni so predvsem pojavi moralnega hazarda, zunanji dolg posameznih držav ter nepremičninski balon v ZDA. Avtor v nadaljevanju skuša dokazati, da velik del odgovornosti za nastanek aktualne globalne krize nosi neoliberalizem Miltona Friedmana (tržni fundamentalizem), katerega jedro doktrine je rušenje državnih regulatorjev trga. Na koncu dela je izpostavljeno nezadostno okrevanje Slovenije v primerjavi s ključnimi gospodarstvi kot sta ZDA in Nemčija, ter breme, ki so ga Sloveniji naložili propadli notranji menedžerski odkupi.The paper deals with macro and micro economic factors which had influence on the creation of the global financial crisis. The manifestation (occurrence) of moral hazard, foreign debt of individual countries and real estate bubble in the USA are highlighted in particular. Further on the author wishes to prove that a great deal of responsibility for the outbreak (occurrence) of the present global crisis lies on the Milton Friedman’s neoliberalism (market fundamentalism), the essence of his doctrine being the destruction of the state market regulators. The paper finally exposes the insufficient recovery of the Slovenian economy if compared to the key economies, e.g. USA or Germany and the burden imposed to Slovenia by unsuccessful manager buy outs (MBO)
