1,720,960 research outputs found
Dalla valutazione in vitro a quella in campo dell’efficacia di diverse miscele di oli essenziali nei confronti dei coccidi dei polli
No full textThe shift toward sustainable and residue-free poultry production demands alternatives to conventional antibiotic prophylaxis. Essential oils (EOs) are emerging as promising candidates owing to their bioactive properties, offering antimicrobial, anticoccidial, and immunomodulatory effects. The research study integrated in vitro oocysticidal assays, in vitro cytotoxicity evaluations, and in vivo dietary supplementation trials to assess the efficacy of EO constituents in controlling Eimeria spp. infections. Thymol, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde exhibited significant in vitro oocysticidal activity, either individually or in combination, highlighting their potential as targeted anticoccidial agents. Among these, thymol demonstrated a favourable safety profile and sustained bioactivity, with cytotoxicity assays defining an optimal range for achieving beneficial, non-toxic effects on gut health. The in vivo trial outcomes demonstrated the importance of considering infection pressure and environmental conditions when evaluating EO-based interventions. Dietary supplementation with thymol and Energy Poultry did not significantly reduce oocyst shedding. Despite the presence of highly pathogenic Eimeria species (E. tenella, E. necatrix, and E. praecox), no clinical signs of severe coccidiosis, such as morbidity or mortality, were observed. This may be explained by the low baseline parasitic load, which limited the capacity to detect pronounced reductions in oocyst shedding. The absence of standardised experimental protocols and immortalised avian intestinal cell models underscores the need for methodological advancements to improve reproducibility and comparability. Future research should focus on optimising EO formulations, addressing compositional variability, and exploring synergistic combinations with other natural or synthetic compounds. RNA sequencing remains underexplored but is crucial for clarifying EO-driven gene expression and regulatory pathways related to gut integrity and immune modulation, enabling targeted therapeutic strategies. Although challenges persist regarding long-term safety data and regulatory approval, EOs hold significant potential as practical and sustainable feed additives for coccidiosis prevention in poultry farming
APPLICATION OF MINI-FLOTAC TECHNIQUE TO SEA TURTLES FECAL SAMPLES: EVALUATION OF SENSITIVITY AND COMPARISON WITH A TRADITIONAL COPROMICROSCOPIC METHOD
Full text linkEssential oils effectiveness against the most impactful parasites in poultry farming: a review
No full textSUMMARY: The pressing request to minimise antibiotic administration in livestock production underlines the need for sustainable alternatives to ensure efficiency within avian husbandry. Essential oils (EOs) and their bioactive constituents represent a promising strategy aligned with the One Health approach, promoting animal health, reducing antimicrobial resistance, lessening environmental impact and enhancing food safety by lowering drug residues in food. This review has focused on broiler chickens and laying hens production, providing a detailed analysis of the effectiveness of various EOs, tested both in vitro and in vivo, against the most impactful poultry parasites. Moreover, it assessed current scientific insights regarding the impact of EOs on production performance, underscoring their potential role and future perspectives in sustainable poultry management practices
COMPARISON BETWEEN MINI-FLOTAC AND A CONVENTIONAL TECHNIQUE FOR THE DETECTION OF HELMINTH EGGS IN CETACEAN STOOL SAMPLES
Full text linkDetection of <i>Toxocara cati</i> Larvae from Ostrich and Wild Boar Meat Intended for Human Consumption
Full text linkToxocara cati is a common roundworm of cats and wild felids and, together with T. canis, it is the main causative agent of human toxocariasis. Humans may become infected by ingestion of embryonated eggs via contaminated soil, food, or water, or by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat of paratenic hosts that are infected by Toxocara larvae. In this study, we report the detection of T. cati larvae from meat samples of ostriches and wild boars. These samples were inspected by enzymatic digestion, as part of the trichinellosis surveillance. As ostrich meat is intended for “carpaccio” preparation, a traditional Italian raw meat preparation, there is the need to make the consumption of this meat safe. For this purpose, it is recommended to freeze the meat before preparation. Our findings confirmed that T. cati larvae can contaminate muscle tissues of paratenic hosts, increasing the risk of infection due to the consumption of raw or undercooked meat
Differential diagnosis of Eimeria species in farmed Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica)
Full text linkABSTRACT: Similarly to poultry industry, coccidiosis may cause significant economic losses also in the commercial quail industry, an emerging sector undergoing uneven development around the world. Although scant and mostly dated, the available literature reports detailed morphological and morphometric features of both oocysts and sporocysts of the Eimeria species hitherto recognized in Japanese quails, i.e. E. tsunodai, E. uzura, E. bateri, and E. fluminensis. Mixed infections are very common in the field and require an accurate differential diagnosis of diverse species of coccidia, identifying the highly pathogenic ones, in particular E. tsunodai (localized in the caeca), and E. uzura (localized in both caeca and small intestine). This goal is hampered by time-consuming laboratory procedures involving highly qualified staff and facilities, and poorly compatible with routine management practices in farmed quails. A supplemental difficulty is represented by the lack of nucleotide sequences available in GenBank. To overcome these issues, copromicroscopic and molecular analyses (amplifying the 18S rRNA region, and the internal transcribed spacers regions ITS1-5.8rRNA-ITS2) were performed on oocysts populations separately isolated from pools of 12 caecal and 12 cloacal contents collected from 240 naturally infected laying Japanese quails. Data on morphological and morphometric features of 1,000 sporulated oocysts were statistically compared, demonstrating the presence of different Eimeria species colonizing the 2 intestinal tracts. This result was also confirmed by PCR and phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. Overall results allowed to hypothesize the presence of E. uzura in our Japanese quails. Although a certain identification at species level was not obtained, the present study demonstrates that reasonable turnaround times of monitoring procedures performed on Japanese quail farms, shedding light on the in vivo and post-mortem differential diagnosis of coccidiosis can be achieved, and provide obvious benefits in disease understanding and control
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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