161 research outputs found
Samuele R. Bacchiocchi and Family
No full textSeventh-day Adventist author and theologian, Samuele R. Bacchiocchi and his wife and their children at a graduation ceremony at Pontifical University
sd920/FIJI-macros-for-IHC-and-SHG-analysis: Batch Split Channels (3 channels)
No full textThis macro allows to split channels for Z-stack .tiff files and save them in a new folder in batch mode.
Author: Samuele Di Carmine, [email protected]
Version 1.0
July 13, 2021
//License: BSD3
Copyright 2021 Samuele Di Carmine, Imperial College Londo
Gas-phase electrophoresis (nES GEMMA instrumentation) of adeno-associated viruses
No full textGas-phase electrophoresis (nES GEMMA instrumentation) of adeno-associated viruses
S. Zoratto1, T. Heuser2, G. Friedbacher1, R. Pletzenauer3, M. Graninger3,
M. Marchetti-Deschmann1, and V.U. Weiss1
1Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
2Electron Microscopy Facility, Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities GmbH, Vienna, 1030, Austria
3Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baxalta Innovations GmbH (part of Takeda), Vienna, 1220, Austria
Keywords: nES GEMMA, DMA, AAV, VLP, gas-phase electrophoresis.
Associated conference topics: Special session, 3.4, 4.3
Presenting author email: [email protected]
In 1996, Kaufman et al. introduced electrophoresis in the gas-phase on a nano Electrospray Gas-phase Electrophoretic Mobility Molecular Analyzer (nES GEMMA) aka nES Differential Mobility Analyzer (nES DMA) for globular proteins. (Kaufman, 1996) With such an instrument, analytes are electrosprayed from a volatile electrolyte solution followed by drying of droplets and charge equilibration in a bipolar atmosphere induced e.g. by a radioactive source. Lately, also an alternating bipolar corona discharge was applied for this process. (Weiss, 2020) Single-charged, aerosolized and surface-dry analytes are separated according to their size in a DMA. The obtained monodisperse particles are then counted in a condensation particle counter yielding a spectrum relating a particles surface dry diameter (electrophoretic mobility, EM, diameter) to particle count values.
Subsequently, this technique was applied also to other (bio-)nanoparticles, i.a. viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs). (Bacher, 2001 and Weiss, 2019). Via a nES GEMMA setup, information on (bio-)nanoparticle size and size distribution as well as purity of analyte batches can be obtained. Furthermore, by application of a corresponding EM diameter / molecular weight correlation, the molecular weight of an analyte can be assessed from gas-phase electrophoresis data.
Turning our attention to VLP based delivery platforms, we investigated gas-phase electrophoresis of an adeno-associated virus (Zoratto, 2021a). Indeed we were able to obtain corresponding spectra. However, we found conditions of the nES crucial for data quality. Presence of VLPs in samples was affirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Figure 1. nES GEMMA spectrum of AAV VLPs (red line) and a corresponding blank (black line) – left. Presence of VLPs was confirmed via AFM measurements – right. (from Zoratto, 2021a)
Subsequently, the molecular weight of AAV VLPs was assessed based on gas-phase electrophoresis data. We found these obtained values in excellent accordance with data derived from mass spectrometry. (Zoratto, 2021b)
Table 1. Molecular weight values of AAV VLPs obtained via indicated techniques (Zoratto, 2021b).
Molecular weight [kDa] Empty VLPs Filled
VLPs
Theoretical value 3746 5076
nES GEMMA 3670 4751
Native MS 3710 5005
To conclude, gas-phase electrophoresis is capable to yield valuable information in the field of (bio-)nanoparticle characterization – from particle size to VLP molecular weight values as exemplified via AAV based VLPs.
We dedicate this presentation to the memory of Prof. Günter Allmaier, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
Bacher G, Szymanski WW, Kaufman SL et al. (2001) J Mass Spectrom 36, 1038-1052
Kaufman SL, Skogen JW, Dorman FD et al. (1996) Anal Chem 68, 1895-1904
Weiss VU, Pogan R, Zoratto S et al. (2019) Anal Bioanal Chem 411, 5951-5962
Weiss VU, Frank J, Piplits K et al. (2020) Anal Chem 92, 8665-8669
Zoratto S, Weiss VU, Friedbacher G et al. (2021) ACS Omega 6, 16428-16437
Zoratto S, Weiss VU, van der Horst J et al. (2021) J Mass Spectrom 56, e478
Differential mobility analysis (nES GEMMA instrumentation) applied for virus‐like particle research
Get PDFDifferential mobility analysis (nES GEMMA instrumentation) applied for virus-like particle research
Victor U. Weiss, Samuele Zoratto, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann
TU Wien, Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, 1060 Vienna, Getreidemarkt 9/164 CTA
Gas-phase electrophoresis applying a nano Electrospray Gas-phase Electrophoretic Mobility Molecular Analyzer (nES GEMMA) instrument is based on an electrospray process. Analytes are transferred from a volatile electrolyte solution to the gas-phase followed by particle drying and charge-equilibration. This latter step results in mostly neutral yet also a considerable amount of single-charged, dry particles. Subsequently, analytes are separated in the nano Differential Mobility Analyzer (nDMA) part of the nES GEMMA by voltage scanning in a tunable electric field and an orthogonal high sheath flow of particle-free air. As particles are singlecharged (neutral species are not regarded), separation of analytes is solely based on their dry particle electrophoretic mobility (EM) diameter. Furthermore, in good accordance with a recommendation of the European Commission for nanoparticle research (2022/C 229/01, June 10th, 2022), particle detection is based on the number of particles – analytes are counted after gas-phase electrophoretic separation yielding a corresponding spectrum comparing EM
diameter and particle count values [1]. nES GEMMA has yielded valuable insights regarding sample purity, analyte stability and aggregational behavior as well as dry particle sizes. Also, given that a correlation based on molecular weight and EM diameter of well-defined standards can be set up, even the molecular weight of an analyte can be assessed from its EM diameter as first demonstrated for proteins [2] and recently even for intact viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) [3]. Orthogonal analytical techniques like atomic force microscopy (AFM) and mass spectrometry corroborated results obtained from gas-phase electrophoresis. Exemplary results of several VLPs e.g. in development of gene therapy applications will be discussed.
1. Kaufman S.L., et al., Macromolecule analysis based on electrophoretic mobility in air: globular proteins.
Anal Chem, 1996. 68(11): pp. 1895-904.
2. Bacher G., et al., Charge-reduced nano electrospray ionization combined with differential mobility
analysis of peptides, proteins, glycoproteins, noncovalent protein complexes and viruses. J Mass
Spectrom, 2001. 36(9): pp. 1038-52.
3. Weiss V.U., et al., Virus-like particle size and molecular weight/mass determination applying gas-phase
electrophoresis (native nES GEMMA). Anal Bioanal Chem, 2019. 411(23): pp. 5951-62.
We thank Takeda (Vienna, Austria) for providing VLP samples
Samuele R. Bacchiocchi
No full textSamuele R. Bacchiocchi was a Seventh-day Adventist author and theologian best known for his work on the Sabbath in Christianity, particularly in the historical work "From Sabbath to Sunday," based on his doctoral thesis from the Pontifical Gregorian University. Bacchiocchi defended the validity of the Feasts of the Lord, situated in Leviticus 23. He wrote two books on the subject. He was also known within the Seventh-day Adventist church for his opposition to rock and contemporary Christian music, jewelry, the celebration of Christmas and Easter, certain dress standards, and alcohol. This photograph was taken during a graduation ceremony from Pontifical University
The Impact of the COVID-19 Emergency on Local Vehicular Traffic and Its Consequences for the Environment: The Case of the City of Reggio Emilia (Italy)
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Open AccessArticle
The Impact of the COVID-19 Emergency on Local Vehicular Traffic and Its Consequences for the Environment: The Case of the City of Reggio Emilia (Italy)
by Samuele Marinello 1,*OrcID,Francesco Lolli 1,2 andRita Gamberini 1,2OrcID
1
En&Tech Interdepartmental Center, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
2
Department of Sciences and Methods for Engineering, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Sustainability 2021, 13(1), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13010118
Received: 3 December 2020 / Revised: 21 December 2020 / Accepted: 22 December 2020 / Published: 24 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 8th World Sustainability Forum—Selected Papers)
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Abstract
The COVID-19 health emergency has imposed the need to limit and/or stop non-essential economic and commercial activities and movement of people. The objective of this work is to report an assessment of the change in vehicle flows and in air quality of a specific study area in the north of Italy, comparing the periods February–May 2020 and February–May 2019. Circulating vehicles have been measured at nine characteristic points of the local road network of the city of Reggio Emilia (Italy), while atmospheric pollutant concentrations have been analysed using data extracted from the regional air quality monitoring network. The results highlight a rapid decline in the number of vehicles circulating in 2020 (with values of up to −82%). This has contributed to a reduction in air concentrations of pollutants, in particular for NO2 and CO (over 30% and over 22%, respectively). On the other hand, O3 has increased (by about +13%), but this is expected. Finally, the particulate matter grew (about 30%), with a behaviour similar to the whole regional territory. The empirical findings of this study provide some indications and useful information to assist in understanding the effects of traffic blocking in urban areas on air quality
L'Alcesti di Samuele di Alberto Savinio: studio dell'opera e confronto con l'Alcesti di Euripide
No full textLa tesi si propone di confrontare l’Alcesti di Euripide, tragedia greca messa in scena nel 438 a.C. e l’Alcesti di Samuele di Alberto Savinio, rappresentata per la prima volta al Piccolo Teatro di Milano nel 1950. Il primo capitolo fornisce informazioni biografiche sull’autore. Il secondo capitolo raccoglie e descrive gli interventi sulla figura di Alcesti pubblicati da Savinio sui giornali ed esamina le fonti dell’opera teatrale. Il terzo capitolo è dedicato all’illustrazione delle due opere. Nel quarto capitolo si procede all’analisi e al confronto. Nell’ultimo capitolo si presentano alcune considerazioni sul metateatro, sulla trama, sui personaggi e sui temi principali dell’Alcesti di Samuele.
The aim of this work is to compare the Greek tragedy Alcesti by Euripides, performed on stage in 438 B.C., with the Alcesti di Samuele by Alberto Savinio, first performed at the Piccolo Teatro in Milan in 1950. The first chapter provides biographical information about the Author. The second chapter collects and describes the works about the character of Alcesti published by Savinio on newspapers and examines the sources of the play. The third chapter is about the description of the two works. The fourth chapter contains their analysis and comparison. In the last chapter some considerations about metatheatre and about the plot, the characters and the main themes of the Alcesti di Samuele are carried out
Samuele R. Bacchiocchi
No full textSamuele R. Bacchiocchi was a Seventh-day Adventist author and theologian, best known for his work on the Sabbath in Christianity, particularly in the historical work "From Sabbath to Sunday," based on his doctoral thesis from the Pontifical Gregorian University. Bacchiocchi defended the validity of the Feasts of the Lord, situated in Leviticus 23, he wrote two books on the subject. He was also known within the Seventh-day Adventist church for his opposition to rock and contemporary Christian music, jewelry, the celebration of Christmas and Easter, certain dress standards, and alcohol. Bacchiocchi earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in theology from Newbold College in England, which was followed by a Master of Arts and Bachelor of Divinity at Andrews University in Michigan, United States in 1964. Bacchiocchi moved with his wife Anna to Kuyera, Shashamane district, Ethiopia, where he lectured in Bible and history. Bacchiocchi taught in the religion department of Andrews University from 1974 until his retirement in 2000. He taught theology and church history. He regularly presented seminars worldwide, and wrote many self-published books and articles on biblical topics. He was married to Anna Gandin Bacchiocchi. They had three children
Virus-like particle (VLP) measurements via gas-phase electrophoresis (nES GEMMA instrumentation)
No full textVirus-like particle (VLP) measurements via gas-phase electrophoresis (nES GEMMA instrumentation)
V. U. Weiss, Vienna/AUT, S. Zoratto, Vienna/AUT,
M. Marchetti-Deschmann, Vienna/AUT
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Victor U. Weiss, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164, 1060 Vienna/AUT
Gas-phase electrophoresis using a nano electrospray gas-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analyzer (nES GEMMA) separates singly-charged particles based on their size at ambient pressure in a high laminar sheath flow of particle-free air and a tunable electric field. [1] In accordance with recommendations of the European Commission for nanoparticle research (updated version 2022/C 229/01, June 10th, 2022), subsequent analyte detection is particle-number based. To date, such setup has been successfully applied for several (bio-)nanoparticle containing materials and has yielded valuable insights regarding sample purity, stability, aggregation, and dry particle sizes. Also, a correlation based on molecular weight (MW) and EM diameter from well-defined standards can be set up. Thus, the MW of an analyte can be determined from its EM diameter, as already demonstrated for proteins [2] and for intact viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs). [3] VLPs resemble their parent viruses but lack the infectious genomic material. Hence, VLPs find great application in various bio-pharmaceutical fields, e.g. for vaccine development, shielded cargo delivery, gene therapy or parent virus characterization. In all those cases, detailed analysis of particle size, size distribution, sample components, particle numbers and MW yields valuable insights about VLPs.
We present the applicability of gas-phase electrophoresis for the in-depth characterization of VLPs. Exemplary bionanoparticles include adeno-associated virus (AAV) VLP, and VLPs based on SARS-CoV2, the source of the recent COVID19 pandemic. For the latter case, we demonstrate for the first time that gas-phase electrophoresis on a nES GEMMA instrument is possible (manuscript in preparation). VLPs can be detected as broad, size-heterogeneous peak next to low molecular weight material, probably VLP building blocks. Hence, in addition to information on particle size, size heterogeneity, and number-concentration, the stability of bionanoparticles can also be investigated.
Literature:
[1] S. L. Kaufman, Anal. Chem., 1996, 68, 11. [2] G. Bacher, J .Mass Spectrom., 2001, 36, 9. [3] V. U. Weiss, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2019, 411, 23
Environmental Analysis of Different End of Life Scenarios of Tires Textile Fibers
No full textAbstractEnd-of-Life Tires (ELT) are one of the main source of waste in End of Life Vehicles (ELVs). Textile fibers represent about 10% in weight of the ELT and every year, in Europe, about 320,000 tons of dirty fibrous material must be disposed as special waste. Studies show that the fibrous material can be used in second life applications, reducing the environmental impacts of tires disposal, but none of these researches quantitatively evaluate the achievable benefits. This study presents a comparative evaluation of the environmental impacts of the tires considering different scenarios for the end of life of the textile fibers material
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