24 research outputs found
Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) charadrii
No full textPlagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) charadrii (Yamaguti, 1939) Van Cleave & Williams, 1951 Material studied. BMNH 1965.931-937, from the small intestine of Charadrius alexandrinus nihonensis Deignan, Pescadore Islands, Taiwan, whole-mount of 2 specimens (1 slide). Description (Fig. 3) Based on 2 male specimens. Males. Trunk elongate, almost cylindrical but tapering both anteriorly and posteriorly, 3.7-4.0 long, 0.9-1.1 wide. Numerous amoeba-shaped hypodermal nuclei. Proboscis cylindrical (in both specimens invaginated to different degrees, i.e. anterior third in first specimen and anterior two-thirds in other), c.0.93-0.95 long, 0.23 wide. Proboscis armament consists of 18 longitudinal rows of 12-13 hooks (anterior hooks invaginated) (in 1 specimen). Most of hooks with posteriorly directed roots; only pos- teriormost 4 (3) hooks spiniform with short apophyses. Length of first 8 (9) hooks – blade 52-59 µm, root 29-49 µm; length of last 4 (3) spiniform hooks – 42-52 (54) µm, root 12-22 µm. Neck short, c.0.13 long, 0.25 wide. Proboscis receptacle doublewalled, 1.5 long, 0.26 wide. Lemnisci band-shaped, c.1.5 long, c.0.05 wide (only 1 measured). Testes spherical, 0.26-0.32 long, 0.23-0.35 wide, situated in tandem in middle of trunk, at c.0.06 from one another; anterior testis 0.14 from tip of proboscis receptacle. Cement glands 6 in number, tubular, arranged in 2 groups of 3; longest cement gland of first group (1.70 long) present immediately posterior to anterior testis; remaining 2 cement glands slightly further posterior, 1.44 and 1.01 long; 2 of cement glands of second group present posterior to hind testis, 1.35 long, with remaining cement gland slightly further posterior, 1.03 long. Genital bursa (everted in 1 specimen) 0.55 long, 0.45 wide. Remarks. Despite the partial invagination of the proboscis, we identified these specimens as Plagiorhychus charadrii based on the number of the longitudinal rows and morphometric data from both the hooks (especially the posterior three or four hooks) and of some internal organs (testes and cement glands). When comparing the present morphometric data with those from published descriptions (Yamaguti 1939; Johnston and Edmonds 1947; Schmidt and Kuntz 1966; Belopol’skaya 1983; Amin et al. 1999; Dimitrova et al. 1999), we did not find significant differences, although differences in the maximum length of the hook blade are apparent. Regarding the latter feature, the studied specimens are most similar to the descriptions given by Yamaguti (1939), Schmidt and Kuntz (1966) and Dimitrova et al. (1999), i.e. 60-63 versus 59 µm in present specimens. However, Johnston and Edmonds (1947) and Belopol’skaya (1983) reported smaller lengths for the hooks, i.e. 29 and 54 µm, respectively. This species was described from Charadrius dubius curonicus Gmelin in Japan (Yamaguti 1939) and later recorded, mainly from charadriiform birds, in the Australian Region (Australian mainland and Tasmania) (Johnston and Edmonds 1947; Amin et al. 1999; Smales 2002, 2003), the Palaeotropical Region (Taiwan and the Pescadore Islands) (Schmidt and Kuntz 1966; Amin et al. 1999), the Palaearctic Region (Japan, Russian Far East, Kazakhstan, the Ukraine and Bulgaria) (Lisitsina 1992; Amin et al. 1999; Dimitrova et al. 1999; Araki 2003), the Oceanic Region (Hawaii) (Amin et al. 1999) and the Neotropical Region (Belize) (Canaris and Kinsella 2001).Published as part of Dimitrova, Zlatka, 2009, Acanthocephalans of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchidae) from charadriiform birds in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, with a key to the species of the subgenus, pp. 75-90 in ZooKeys 6 (6) on pages 82-83, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.6.94, http://zenodo.org/record/57643
Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) odhneri Lundstrom 1942
No full textPlagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) odhneri Lundström, 1942 Material studied. [All labelled as P. crassicollis.] BMNH 1946.5.14.121-122, from small intestine of Charadrius hiaticula, Orkney Islands, Scotland, wet material (3 specimens); BMNH 1936.8.17.124-140 (1 immature female), from small intestine of C. hiaticula, Weymouth, Dorset, England, wet material; BMNH 1951.12.12.34, from small intestine of Haematopus ostralegus Linnaeus, Holy Island (adjacent to Isle of Arran), Scotland, wet material (1 specimen). Description (Fig. 2) Based on 1 male and 1 female specimen and 1 metasoma (female) from BMNH 1946.5.14.121-122. Male. Length of trunk (deformed) 4.0. Proboscis cylindrical, situated at angle to trunk axis, 0.68 long, 0.15 wide. Proboscis armament consists of 20 longitudinal rows of 16-17 hooks per row. Length of first 9 (10) hooks – blade 32-42 µm, root 34-37 µm; length of next 3 hooks – blade 25-27 µm, root 25-34 µm; length of last 3 hooks – blade 22 µm, root 15-20 µm. Neck trapezoidal, 0.18 long, 0.13-0.22 wide. Proboscis receptacle 0.6 long, 0.2 wide. Lemnisci 1.3 (1.4) long, 0.1-0.11 wide. Testes not clearly seen; anterior testis at c. 1.12 from tip of proboscis receptacle. Length of cement glands c.0.80. Female. Trunk elliptical, oval to fusiform, 4.4-5.6 long, 1.9-2.2 wide. Proboscis cylindrical, situated at angle to trunk axis, 0.76 long, 0.19 wide. Proboscis armament consists of 17 longitudinal rows of 15-16 hooks per row. Length of first 9 (10) hooks – blade 37-49 µm, root indistinct; length of next 2-3 hooks – blade 29-32 µm, root indistinct; remaining 4 hooks could not be measured. Neck withdrawn. Proboscis re- ceptacle and lemnisci indistinct. Genital pore at 0.2 from end of trunk. Eggs elongateoval, shuttle-shaped, with polar prolongations, 93-115 × 20-39 µm. Additional data. Based on 1 immature specimen from C. hiaticula and 1 specimen from Haematopus ostralegus. Trunk of immature specimen 3.6 long, 1.4 wide. Proboscis cylindrical, situated at angle to trunk axis, 0.76 long, 0.17 wide. Proboscis armament consists of 18 longitudinal rows of 15-16 hooks in each row. Length of first 9-10 hooks – blade 36-43 µm, root 39-44 µm; length of next 2-3 hooks – blade 27-32 µm, root 27-39 µm; length of last 3 hooks 22-27 µm, root 20 µm (for hooks XIV-XV). Trunk of female specimen c.4.0 long, 1.55 wide. Proboscis 0.8 long, 0.15 wide. Remarks. Lundström (1942) described this species from Haematopus ostralegus in Sweden. Golvan (1956) considered it to be a variety of P. crassicollis and later (Golvan 1960) as a subspecies. In the taxonomic arrangement of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus proposed by Schmidt and Kuntz (1966) and Amin (1985), this species is missing. According to other authors (Petrochenko 1958; Yamaguti 1963; Khokhlova 1986; Golvan 1994), P. odhneri is a valid species. Lisitsina (1992) redescribed it on the basis of specimens from Charadrius dubius Scopoli and C. alexandrinus L. in the Ukraine. Unfortunately, the type material of this species was not available for re-examination during the course of the present study. The studied specimens were identified as P. odhneri mainly on the basis of the proboscis armature (especially with regard to the number of hooks in each longitudinal row). The armature (17-20 longitudinal rows of 15-17 hooks) recorded in the present study is within the limits of variation reported by Lundström (1942) in the original description (18-19 longitudinal rows of 14-18 hooks) and by Lisitsina (1992) (18-22 longitudinal rows of 15-19 hooks). In comparison with the previous descriptions (Lundström 1942; Lisitsina 1992), I found some differences. These mainly concern the shape and measurements of the trunk. The present specimens possess an almost oval trunk (only the female metasoma is spindle-shaped) with measurements of 4.0 ×? (male) and 4.4-5.6 × 1.9-2.2 mm (female) versus an almost spindle-shaped trunk measuring 5.0-8.4 × 0.8-1.7 (male) and 9.0-11.0 × 1.7-2.4 mm (female), as described by Lundström (1942), and an almost cylindrical trunk measuring 3.57-6.58 × 0.96-1.58 (male) and 8.76-12.53 × 1.10-1.23 mm (female), according to Lisitsina (1992). With regard to these characters, our specimens are close to P. crassicollis (see above), as described by Lühe (1911), with an oval trunk and measurements of 5.0 × 1.6-1.8 (male) and 7.0 × 3.0 mm (female). In addition, the proboscis of our worms is shorter, i.e. 0.68 (male) and 0.76-0.8 mm (female) compared with 0.8 (male) and 0.9-1.1 mm (female) as recorded by Lundström (1942). However, it is longer than the proboscis of P. crassicollis (0.6 mm) (Lühe 1911). Lisitsina (1992) reported wider limits of variation for this character (0.68-1.23 mm in both sexes), and our specimens fit within this morphometric range. More abundant material is needed to assess the variation within P. odhneri and to confirm its validity. P. odhneri has previously been reported from Charadrius hiaticula and Haematopus ostralegus in the United Kingdom (Williams 1961; Threlfall 1963). Other records are from charadriiform birds in Sweden, Russia (White Sea coast), the Ukraine and Bulgaria (Lundström 1942; Belopol’skaya 1983; Lisitsina 1992; Hansson 1997; Dimitrova et al. 2000).Published as part of Dimitrova, Zlatka, 2009, Acanthocephalans of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchidae) from charadriiform birds in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, with a key to the species of the subgenus, pp. 75-90 in ZooKeys 6 (6) on pages 79-81, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.6.94, http://zenodo.org/record/57643
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AGAINST DEVIANT BEHAVIOR: IS IT POSSIBLE TO PREVENT AND REDUCE DEVIANCES WITH SPORT?
No full textThis article discusses physical
activity and sport as a good way to overcome
deviant behavior in children. A number of
characteristics of sporting activity are identified,
which define it as useful not only for the physical
but also for the psychological, emotional and
overall development of the personality. Organized
extracurricular sports activities are mentioned as a
good means of organizing the leisure time of the
students. Of course, sport is not a universal remedy
for the problems of society and the deviant behavior
of children. But it is one of the working options for
prevention and overcoming deviant behavior,
especially if it is a result mainly of the child's
personal characteristics such as aggression,
temperamental behavior or adrenal dependence.
Affiliation to the team gives the child certainty that
they area member of a community where they give
and receive permanent support. The pursuit of
personal achievement reflects the development of
the child and directs his or her energy in a positive
direction. Achieved success boosts self-confidence
and self-esteem that are so necessary to young
people especially in teen years. Driving into
discipline in sport will lead to compliance with
social norms and public laws
Transforming a linear module into an adaptive one : tackling the challenge
No full textEvery learner is fundamentally different. However, few courses are delivered in a way that is tailored to the specific needs of each student. Delivery systems for adaptive educational hypermedia have been extensively researched and found promising. Still, authoring of adaptive courses remains a challenge. In prior research, we have built an adaptive hypermedia authoring system, MOT3.0. The main focus was on enhancing the type of functionality that allows the non-technical author, to efficiently and effectively use such a tool. Here we show how teachers can start from existing course material and transform it into an adaptive course, catering for various learners. We also show how this apparent simplicity still allows for building of flexible and complex adaptation, and describe an evaluation with course authors
Data Auditing, Cleaning and Quality Assurance Workflows from the Experience of a Scholarly Publisher
No full textData publishing became an important task in the agenda of many scholarly publishers in the last decade, but far less attention has been paid to the actual reviewing and quality checking of the published data. Quality checks are often being delegated to the reviewers of the article narrative, many of whom may not be qualified to provide a professional data review. The talk presents the workflows developed and used by Pensoft journals to provide data auditing, cleaning and quality assurance. These are:
Data auditing/cleaning workflow for datasets published as data papers (Fig. 1, see also this blog). All datasets undergo an audit for compliance with a data quality checklist prior to peer-review. The author is provided with an audit report and is asked to correct the data flaws and consider other recommendations in the report. This check is conducted regardless of whether the datasets are provided as supplementary material within the data paper manuscript or linked from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) or another repository. The manuscript is not forwarded to peer review until the author corrects the data associated with it. This workflow is applied in all journals of the publisher's portfolio, including Biodiversity Data Journal, ZooKeys, PhytoKeys, MycoKeys and others.
Automated check and validation of data within the article narratiive in the Biodiversity Data Journal provided during the authoring process in the ARPHA Writing Tool (AWT), and consequently, during the peer review process in the journal. Among others, the automated validation tool checks for compliance with the biological Codes (for example, a new species description cannot be submitted without designation of a holotype and the respective specimen record).
Check for consistency and validation of the full-text JATS XML against the TaxPub XML schema. This quality check ensures a succesfull full-text submission and display on PubMedCentral, extraction of taxon treatments and their visualisation on Plazi's TreatmentBank and GBIF, indexing in various data aggregators, and so on.
Human-provided quality check of the mass automated extraction of taxon treatments from legacy literature via the GoldenGate-Imagine workflow developed by Plazi and implemented for the purposes of the Arcadia project in a collaboration with Pensoft.
Putting high-quality data in valid XML formats (Pensoft's JATS and Plazi's TaxonX) into a machine readable semantic format (RDF) to guarantee efficient extraction and transformation. Data from Pensoft's journals and Plazi's treatments are uploaded as semantic triples into the OpenBiodiv Biodiversity Knowledge Graph where it is modeled according to the OpenBiodiv-O ontology (Senderov et al. 2018). Semantic technologies facilitate the mapping of scientific names in OpenBiodiv to GBIF's taxonomic backbone and the addressing of complex biodiversity questions.
We have realised in the course of many years experience in data publishing that data quality checking and assurance testing requires specific knowledge and competencies, which also vary between the various methods of data handling and management, such as relational databases, semantic XML tagging, Linked Open Data, and others. This process cannot be trusted to peer reviewers only and requires the participation of dedicated data scientists and information specialists in the routine publishing process. This is the only way to make the published biodiversity data, such as taxon descriptions, occurrence records, biological observations and specimen characteristics, truly FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable), so that they can be merged, reformatted and incorporated into novel and visionary projects, regardless of whether they are accessed by a human researcher or a data-mining process
Time-varying survival benefit of radial artery versus vein grafting: A multiinstitutional analysis
No full textBackground A survival benefit of radial artery use versus saphenous vein grafting in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has been reported. We aimed to elucidate the relative radial artery survival benefit as a function of time after surgery from two independent CABG series. Methods We compared 0- to 15-year survival with radial artery versus saphenous vein grafting in isolated, nonsalvage primary CABG with left internal thoracic artery to left anterior descending from two institutions: Ohio (radial artery [n = 2,361; 61 years]; saphenous vein [n = 2,547; 67 years]), and New York (radial artery [n = 1,970; 58 years]; saphenous vein [n = 2,974; 69 years]). Separate multivariate radial artery-use propensity models based on demographic, preoperative factors, intraoperative variables, and completeness of revascularization data were computed and used to derive propensity- and sex-matched CABG cohorts (1,799 [Ohio] and 995 [New York] pairs). A three-phase (early and late) mortality model was fit to Kaplan-Meier mortality estimates and used to derive relative radial artery versus saphenous vein hazard functions. Results Radial artery use patterns and patient risk profiles differed substantially for New York and Ohio, with the New York radial artery cohort significantly younger and more male. Within-institution matched graft-type cohorts were well matched. Cumulative mortality was significantly better for radial artery at both institutions (p 0.001 both). All mortality-time data were well described by the three-phase model, and the derived relative hazard functions were qualitatively and quantitatively similar for New York and Ohio, exhibiting maximal benefit between 0.5 and 5 years. Conclusions Despite substantial differences in radial artery use patterns during a 15-year period, our analysis in large propensity-matched radial artery and saphenous vein cohorts yielded remarkably similar, time-varying radial artery to saphenous vein survival benefit at both institutions. These converging findings based on two independent patient series extend currently available objective evidence in support of a radial artery survival advantage in CABG. © 2014 by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons.Alexander JH, 2005, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V294, P2446; Athanasiou T, 2011, EUR J CARDIO-THORAC, V40, P208, DOI 10.1016-j.ejcts.2010.11.012; Austin PC, 2009, COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C, V38, P1228, DOI 10.1080-03610910902859574; Deb S, 2012, J AM COLL CARDIOL, V60, P28, DOI 10.1016-j.jacc.2012.03.037; Desai ND, 2007, CIRCULATION, V115, P684, DOI 10.1161-CIRCULATIONAHA.105.567495; Farkouh ME, 2012, NEW ENGL J MED, V367, P2375, DOI 10.1056-NEJMoa1211585; Goldman S, 2011, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V305, P167, DOI 10.1001-jama.2010.1976; Guru V, 2006, J THORAC CARDIOV SUR, V131, P1021, DOI 10.1016-j.jtcvs.2005.09.036; Habib RH, 2012, ANN THORAC SURG, V94, P1478, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2012.05.030; Iaco AL, 2001, ANN THORAC SURG, V72, P46; Kappetein AP, 2011, EUR HEART J, V32, P2125, DOI 10.1093-eurheartj-ehr213; Kurlansky PA, 2010, ANN THORAC SURG, V90, P101, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2010.04.006; Locker C, 2012, CIRCULATION, V126, P1023, DOI 10.1161-CIRCULATIONAHA.111.084624; Lytle BW, 2004, ANN THORAC SURG, V78, P2005, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2004.05.070; Possati G, 2003, CIRCULATION, V108, P1350, DOI 10.1161-01.CIR.0000087402.13786.D0; Puskas JD, 2012, ANN THORAC SURG, V94, P710, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2012.03.082; Rankin JS, 2007, ANN THORAC SURG, V83, P1008, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2006.10.032; Schwann TA, 2007, ANN THORAC SURG, V84, P25, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2007.02.053; Schwann TA, 2009, ANN THORAC SURG, V88, P31, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2009.03.081; Schwann TA, 2012, ANN THORAC SURG, V94, P1485, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2012.05.029; Shahian DM, 2012, CIRCULATION, V125, P1491, DOI 10.1161-CIRCULATIONAHA.111.066902; Taggart DP, 2010, EUR HEART J, V31, P2470, DOI 10.1093-eurheartj-ehq318; Tatoulis J, 2009, ANN THORAC SURG, V88, P23, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2009.03.086; Tranbaugh RF, 2010, ANN THORAC SURG, V90, P1165, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2010.05.038; Zacharias A, 2009, ANN THORAC SURG, V87, P19, DOI 10.1016-j.athoracsur.2008.09.050; Zacharias A, 2010, J THORAC CARDIOV SUR, V139, P1511, DOI 10.1016-j.jtcvs.2009.07.068; Zacharias A, 2004, CIRCULATION, V109, P1489, DOI 10.1161-01.CIR.0000121743.10146.7811
Uso da FAQ como base de casos em um sistema tutor inteligente: Demetrius Ribeiro Lima ; orientadora, Marta Costa Rosatelli
No full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência da ComputaçãoEste trabalho apresenta um Sistema Tutor Inteligente integrado a um Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem, implementando a tutoria inteligente em um curso a distância. Neste contexto, a tutoria inteligente consiste no auxílio e suporte ao aluno durante um curso virtual de modo a orientá-lo no processo de aprendizado, realizando um trabalho de acompanhamento de forma constante. Considerando que a Educação a Distância pode ser definida como um processo de ensino-aprendizagem em que o professor e o aluno estão separados fisicamente, a utilização de recursos tecnológicos que possibilitem a supervisão contínua e imediata deste processo é de grande relevância. O Sistema Tutor Inteligente desenvolvido utiliza como técnica de Inteligência Artificial, o Raciocínio Baseado em Casos, fazendo da Frequently Asked Questions a base de conhecimento do modelo do domínio. Através dela, os casos são recuperados e apresentados ao aluno. O modelo do estudante adapta características do sistema ao perfil do aluno a cada interação deste com o ambiente. As intervenções do sistema, que são acionadas pelo modelo do tutor, são feitas de acordo com este perfil. This work presents an Intelligent Tutoring System that is integrated into a Learning Virtual Environment, implementing intelligent tutoring in a distance course. In this context, intelligent tutoring consists of assisting and supporting the student during a virtual course, aiming to guide the student in the learning process through a permanent accompaniment. Taking into account that Distance Education can be defined as a process of teaching and learning in which the teacher and the student are physically separated, using technological resources that allow immediate and continuous supervising the student is of great relevance. The Intelligent Tutoring System that was developed uses Case-Based Reasoning as an Artificial Intelligence technique to make the Frequently Asked Questions the knowledge base of the domain model. The student model adapts system characteristics to the student profile at each interaction between him or her and the system. The system interventions, which are initiated by the tutor model, are also generated according to the student profile
Territory, Temporality and Clustered Europeanization. IHS Political Science Series: 2006, No. 109
No full textNon-convergence amongst the EU member states, despite a wide range of integration effects, has come to be accepted as conventional wisdom in the Europeanization debate. This paper takes issue with the stress on non-convergence and makes a case for ‘clustered Europeanization’. Clustering is promoted by two variables that have so far received little attention in Europeanization research: territory and temporality. Territory influences Europeanization through (a) ‘families of nations’ and (b) center-periphery structures in an expanding European political space. Temporality matters, in particular, through the ‘relative time of accession’, i.e. when countries joined (c) in relation to their domestic political and economic development and (d) in relation to the phase of European integration. While (a) and (c) promote intra-regional commonalities in Europeanization-related domestic variables, (b) and (d) highlight inter-regional differences in the integration experience. This regional distinctness of both domestic and integration variables, in turn, promotes clustered Europeanization
Reflective dialogue for on-the-job training in emergency services
No full textA challenge to on-the-job training is to fmd creative ways for integrating training within the context of human activity at the work practice. This challenge is
addressed in a case study in the emergency services. Emergency workers learn mainly experientially from their every day work practices. Mobile technologies have
brought major changes in emergency services practices, and may provide new ways for on-the-job training.
The thesis examines a new way for combining mobile technology with on-thejob training to provide activity-based dialogue for reflection. This research has
developed a new framework for personalised on-the-job reflective mobile learning (PORML), illustrated in fire risk assessment. The framework is underpinned by
Activity Theory, and uses a location-based context and risk assessment (RA) domain ontology to provide a personalised dialogue to collect information about risk assessment activity the user has performed.
A prototype is implemented to validate the framework. An evaluation study has been conducted with firefighters at Avon FRS, Bristol, UK. The study has shown that the prototype can be applied to the FRS work practice as a part of training or as supplementing existing training. It could be used mainly in debrief session after an incident has been completed
