1,721,027 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Zeg het met handen. Key word signing bij volwassenen met een verstandelijke beperking
No full textKey word signing (KWS) is a form of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) frequently used with both children and adults with intellectual disabilities (ID). Communication problems are common in people with ID, and can be caused by their ID and/or by additional disorders. AAC offers different methods to address these communication problems and let people with ID make use of their communicative abilities to the fullest. KWS is one of many AAC systems that can be used (often combined with other systems such as visualisations and speech-generating devices) to support both receptive and expressive communication. It can be used to offer young children a tool for the earliest interactions, to aid in language development, and as a functional, everyday communication means both in children and in adults. The latter group was the focus of this research project. Little is known about these adults and the way they use KWS. Most available literature studied the acquisition of KWS and did not look beyond the therapy room, or only included young children or adolescents. The aim of this research project was to examine the functional KWS use in adults with ID in Flanders, Belgium.A first step was to map the prevalence of KWS use among adults with ID, and to explore the characteristics of these KWS users and their support staff in general. This was done in a survey study, in which all Flemish residential (RP) and day care programs (DP) for adults with ID were contacted by phone. Those programs that indicated use of KWS with one or more of their clients, were asked to fill out a questionnaire. Of the 295 included RP and DP, a few over half used KWS. Programs which did not use KWS, often showed a lack of knowledge regarding KWS. A questionnaire about their KWS use was completed by 93 of the programs. A quarter of their clients actively used KWS. Most adults with ID used 10 to 50 signs, whereas the majority of their support workers used fewer than 10 signs. Sign knowledge and attitude of support staff related significantly to the sign knowledge of their clients. Many service providers reported that their support staff had motivational issues concerning the implementation of KWS. Next, three groups of variables that can be linked to KWS use were studied in this project. A first group of variables are the characteristics of the signs of the KWS system that is used. Therefore, in the second study of this research project, we investigated the influence of the sign characteristics of the Flemish KWS system Spreken Met Ondersteuning van Gebaren (SMOG, Speaking with support of signs) on the functional KWS use of 119 adults with ID. We determined the phonological, iconic, and referential characteristics of the basic SMOG signs. The functional KWS use of the 119 participating adults was evaluated using a questionnaire that was filled out by their support workers. In a generalized linear model with a negative binomial distribution (with loglink), we found that the referential characteristics (semantic category, grammatical class, and referential concreteness) had the strongest influence on sign functionality. The iconicity of the signs also played a part, but phonological characteristics were not significantly related to functional sign use. The characteristics of the KWS users themselves are the next group of variables related to KWS use. We studied a selection of client characteristics, namely cognition and language and communication skills, in the third part of this research project. In a cross-sectional observation study, we related these characteristics, as measured with standardized intelligence, language, and communication tests, of 40 participating KWS users to their functional KWS use. This functional KWS use was evaluated using a specifically developed narrative task, and during a 15-minute conversation between the KWS user and the researcher. Mental age did not relate to the KWS use of our participants. Test results on the language and communication tests only correlated with the verbal measures of the functional KWS use, but not with manual sign measures. Functional KWS use during the narrative task did correlate significantly with KWS use during the conversation, indicating that the narrative task is a valid method for evaluating functional KWS use in adults with ID.In the fourth and final study of this research project, KWS was introduced in a Flemish residential and day care service for adults with ID. This was done using a KWS program, in which we taught KWS to eight KWS ambassadors during four 2- hour workshops. In a sign of the week approach, 100 manual signs and the KWS approach were then gradually introduced to all support workers and clients of the service. We evaluated the functional KWS use of 15 adults with ID and communication problems in a narrative task and during a conversation with their support staff, before and after the intervention. A third group of variables possibly of influence on KWS use (besides sign and client characteristics), namely characteristics of the environment, were also investigated in this intervention study. Therefore, we evaluated the functional KWS use of the support workers before and after the intervention as well, during the conversation with their clients. The KWS use of both clients and support staff had increased significantly after the intervention. Clients used KWS for a variety of communicative functions.The results of this research project revealed four important points of action: 1. KWS should be made more accessible in Flanders. This could be done by using the signs from Vlaamse Gebarentaal (VGT, Flemish Sign Language) with a KWS approach instead of the phonologically adapted SMOG signs. Using signs from VGT would also change the SMOG system into a system with an unrestricted vocabulary, which could benefit KWS users in need of a larger or more specific vocabulary. The application of this altered KWS system in individuals with ID should be further studied.2. Alternative methods for language and communication evaluation than the standard-ones, should be used to evaluate these skills in adults with ID who use KWS in particular and AAC in general. The developed narrative task could be a starting point, that should be examined in more detail.3. No prerequisites should be used for allowing an adult with ID to use KWS. Every adult with ID who can understand and/or produce manual signs, can possibly benefit from using KWS. The functional use of KWS should be studied in a larger group of adults with ID, and in individuals with communication impairments that are caused by other disorders as well. 4. KWS can be introduced in a residence or day care centre for adults with ID using a KWS training program that consists of workshops and a sign of the week approach, combined with sufficient resources (such as photographs and video clips of the manual signs). Individual therapy is not always necessary, and many adults with ID are capable of learning KWS through their support staff. How the attitude and motivational issues of support staff could best be influenced, should be further investigated.Our research project shows that, if these points of action were implemented, this could benefit the implementation and functional use of KWS in adults with ID. The ultimate goal of this study, as of any AAC intervention, is to support adults with ID in attaining communicative competence using their means of AAC, in this case KWS.status: Publishe
Longitudinale studie van de communicatieontwikkeling van jonge kinderen met verstandelijke beperkingen
No full textHeel wat personen met verstandelijke beperkingen (VB) maken een vertraagde en/of gestoorde ontwikkeling van taal en communicatie door. Meer en meer aandacht gaat tegenwoordig uit naar de vroegste stadia van de taal- en communicatieontwikkeling in deze doelgroep, zoals blijkt uit het toenemende belang gehecht aan vroege interventie. In dit verband is, gedurende de laatste decennia, het gebruik van Ondersteunde Communicatie (OC) steeds meer op de voorgrond komen te staan. Bewijs daarvan is het steeds groeiende aanbod van OC, gaande van gebaren- en pictogrammensystemen tot de meest geavanceerde spraakcomputers ter vervanging en/of ter ondersteuning van gesproken taal. Hoewel de implementatie van OC uitgegroeid is tot een onontbeerlijk onderdeel binnen vroege interventie, heerst er tegenwoordig nog heel wat onduidelijkheid over het eigenlijke verloop van de taal- en communicatieontwikkeling bij vroege implementatie van OC. Tot op heden zijn er opmerkelijk weinig studies beschikbaar die de vroegste ontwikkelingsstadia van taal en communicatie beschrijven indien ondersteunende communicatievormen reeds op jonge leeftijd aangeboden werden; daarbovenop is er weinig geweten over de bijdrage van en interactie met verschillende kind- en omgevingsgebonden factoren. Beide noden binnen de doelgroep van kinderen met VB vormden de aanleiding voor het huidige onderzoeksproject, waarin het in kaart brengen van het vroege ontwikkelingsverloop van taal en communicatie bij vroege implementatie van OC voorop stond. In totaal namen 37 drie- tot zesjarige kinderen met VB deel. Alle kinderen liepen school in het buitengewoon kleuteronderwijs voor kinderen met VB. In een eerste stap werd de bruikbaarheid van enkele taal- en communicatietests geëvalueerd in de doelgroep van kinderen met VB. Een belangrijke noodzaak voor de beoordeling van taal en communicatie in deze doelgroep is de mogelijkheid om zowel prelinguïstische als ondersteunende communicatievormen in beeld te brengen. Bij de start van dit onderzoeksproject waren dergelijke instrumenten echter niet voorhanden voor kinderen met VB. Daarom werden verschillende instrumenten geselecteerd die aanvankelijk ontwikkeld werden voor normaal ontwikkelende kinderen, waaronder een gestandaardiseerde taaltest, een oudervragenlijst, en twee ontlokkingstaken. De geselecteerde procedures bleken, mits enige wijzigingen, bruikbaar voor de beoordeling van pre- en vroeglinguïstische alsook ondersteunende communicatievormen bij jonge kinderen met VB. In een tweede stap bestudeerden we het eigenlijke aanbod van OC dat de deelnemende kinderen tijdens de logopedische therapie en in de thuissituatie kregen. Hoewel de vroege implementatie van zowel gebaren als een eenvoudige spraakschakelaar aangemoedigd werd, kwam er zowel bij de logopedisten als bij de ouders van de kinderen een duidelijke voorkeur voor het gebruik van gebaren naar voren. Beide partijen vonden het gebruik van gebaren nuttig binnen de receptieve en de expressieve communicatie; daarnaast vonden ze gebaren ook een bruikbaar middelom taal aan te leren. Deze voordelen werden echter amper aangehaald met betrekking tot het gebruik van de spraakschakelaar.Als laatste stap in dit project volgden we tenslotte het ontwikkelingsverloop van de taal en de communicatie van de deelnemers gedurende 2 jaar intensief op, met speciale aandacht voor de vroege lexicale en syntactische ontwikkeling. De vroege lexicale ontwikkeling werd vanuit twee invalshoeken benaderd, met name vanuit kwalitatieve en vanuit kwantitatieve hoek, respectievelijk modaliteit en grootte van de woordenschat. De ontwikkeling van beide aspecten werd gekenmerkt door een grote interindividuele variabiliteit. Ten eerste, met betrekking tot de modaliteit van de woordenschat, werd het praktische nut van gebaren binnen de expressieve communicatie bevestigd, gezien de meeste deelnemers in zekere mate gebruik maakten van gebaren tijdens hun woordenschatontwikkeling; hierbij waren noch kind-, noch omgevingsgebonden factoren in staat de variatie in modaliteit te verklaren. Ten tweede, met betrekking tot de grootte van de woordenschat, bleken kindfactoren daarentegen wel in staat de variatie in woordenschatgroei te verklaren. De prognose bleek voornamelijk ongunstig voor kinderen met een bovengemiddelde chronologische leeftijd in combinatie met benedengemiddelde cognitieve en bimodale commentaarvaardigheden. Binnen de vroege syntactische ontwikkeling ging de aandacht hoofdzakelijk naar de rol van gestes in het verschijnen van de eerste meerwoordzin. Alvorens woorden in de gesproken modaliteit te combineren tot meerwoordzinnen, gebruikten kinderen met VB (net als normaal ontwikkelende kinderen) gestes als middel om woorden in verschillende modaliteiten te combineren, aan de hand van geste-woord combinaties. De conclusies van deze en toekomstige studies zullen niet alleen bijdragen tot een beter inzicht in het veelzijdige proces van de taal- en communicatieontwikkeling bij jonge kinderen met VB, daarnaast kunnen ze ook resulteren in de verdere optimalisatie van vroege interventie in deze doelgroep.status: Publishe
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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