137 research outputs found
Polyphony and the anxiety of influence in the fiction of Henry James
No full textJames's fiction, especially in the Middle Phase, centres
on the figure of the artist and is characterized by, the two
interrelated aspects which previous criticism has largely
overlooked: the Bakhtinian 'polyphonic' -creation of
'author-thinkers'; and the conflict between ephebes and
precursors, for which Harold-Bloom's concept of 'the-anxiety of
influence' is the most illuminating model. Polyphony is the
narrative mode, and influence is the intra-artistic, theme.
These, as the Introduction to the thesis makes clear, are
rehearsed in James's inaugural novel, Roderick Hudson. Rowland
Mallet is an author-thinker, and his failure is caused by
authorial limitations. His monologism -is impaired by his
mistaking empathy for the authorial sympathy. Likewise,
Hudson's failure does not arise from a mercurial temperament,
but from a polyphonic shortcoming: not possessing the power of
fiction to contain the fiction of power in, his mentor. And the
relationships among the three artists - Gloriani, Hudson and
Singleton - perfectly exemplify the Bloomian-theme. It is these
two concepts, polyphony and influence, which are the major
preoccupation in the Middle Phase; as, the works chosen
demonstrate. These are a novella, a novel, and a number of
short stories all of which have been unjustifiably neglected.
Chapter One, on The Aspern Papers, argues that Tina Bordereau,
far from being, the artless victim seen by many critics,
actually challenges and defeats the narrator by the very form
of her narrative. Her 'realist' discourse undermines his
language of 'romance', and shows up its internal unstability.
Chapter Two is an extensive study of the critical reception of
The Tragic Muse. The most common areas of critical attention
have been its contemporary topicality, its relation to previous
novels on similar themes, and the possible genealogy of Gabriel
Nash. Those have all missed the core of the work. - Chapter Three
demonstrates how polyphony and the anxiety of influence make
the novel what it really is. Influence arises from the
juxtaposition of, and the wrestling between, artistic ephebes
and their precursors (Nick and Nash,, Miriam and Madame Carre).
The dialogic quality defined by Bakhtin is crucial to the
proper, and even-handed, characterization of all, the conflicts
in the novel. And since most of James's tales in the eighties
and nineties -are about 'masters - and acolytes, the anxiety of
influence remains central. Chapter Four is a study of 'The
Author of Beltraffiol' and 'The Lesson of the Master'. Again the
characters' manipulations are a crucial focus in a way that
G6rard Genette's terminology helps to illuminate. The fact that
the ephebe is the author-thinker emphasizes the inextricability
of the Bakhtinian and the Bloomian in James. Just as
polyphony offers a different focus for explicating the poetics
of James's fiction; so the ephebal conflict provides the basis
for a fresh perception of James's own artistic struggle
Molecular ecology of plant cell wall hydrolysis by mixed cultures of Ruminococcus albus 8, Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 and Fibrobacter succinogenes S85
No full textA total of 6 specific oligonucleotide probes were designed for the Ruminococci, 3 targeted to sites on 16S rRNA of Ruminococcus albus and 3 targeted to sites on 16S rRNA of Ruminococcus flavefaciens. A subspecies probe for Fibrobacter succinogenes S85 (Stahl et al., 1988) and a eubacterial kingdom probe (Stahl and Amann, 1991) also were used. Bacteria were grown as monocultures, dicultures and in triculture on cellobiose, cellulose and alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw to study competition among the three bacterial species on these substrates. The cellubiose-grown cultures were incubated at 39\sp\circC for 10 hours and sampled hourly. The cellulose and alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw-grown cultures were incubated at 39\sp\circC for 70 hours and sampled every 8 hours. Ribosomal RNA was extracted from all the samples, blotted on nylon membranes and hybridized with labelled \sp{32}P probes. The membranes the were exposed to films. Results showed that R. albus 8 inhibited the growth of R. flavefaciens FD-1 when grown as a diculture on cellubiose or cellulose. However, R. albus 8 was outnumbered by F. succinogenes S85 on cellobiose but not on cellulose. R. flavefaciens FD-1 outnumbered F. succinogenes S85 on both cellobiose and cellulose. In the triculture, R. flavefaciens FD-1 was inhibited, R. albus 8 appeared to dominate during early incubation (12-48 hours) on cellulose, while F. succinogenes S85 became predominant during the late incubation phase (60-70 hours). On alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw, F. succinogenes S85 grew better than either R. albus 8 or R. flavefaciens FD-1. However, R. flavefaciens FD-1 was present in low numbers throughout the incubation period unlike on cellobiose and cellulose. The results on cellobiose and cellulose suggest that R. albus 8 produced a substance that inhibited the growth of R. flavefaciens FD-1.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T12:23:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Portfolio Planning Methods: Faulty Approach or Faulty Research? A Rejoinder to 'Making Better Decisions' by Wensley
No full textWensley (1994) makes three key points. First, it is worthwhile to conduct empirical studies of the value of management techniques. Second, managers probably misuse portfolio methods. Third, the Armstrong and Brodie study is flawed. We agree with all three points.marketing, portfolio planning methods
Namibian teachers’ understanding of education for all issues
No full textThe purpose of this study was to find out Namibian teachers’ understanding of their work circumstances, goals of education for all (EFA) and quality of education. To obtain data on these issues, a structured questionnaire was administered to a proportional representative sample of 1611 primary and secondary school teachers from six regions. Some of the study’s main findings were that several sampled teachers taught under difficult circumstances in which their schools lacked classroom furniture, electricity, water, teaching and learning materials; had problems communicating with parents of their learners; had difficulties managing overcrowded classrooms; were given heavy administrative loads that prevented them from effectively undertaking their teaching duties and that they knew little about the existence of EFA goals. These and other findings are discussed in the paper and developed into insights for enhancing educational practice in Namibia and for identifying issues on which to base further research
Namibian teachers’ understanding of education for all issues
No full textThe purpose of this study was to find out Namibian teachers’ understanding of their work circumstances, goals of education for all (EFA) and quality of education. To obtain data on these issues, a structured questionnaire was administered to a proportional representative sample of 1611 primary and secondary school teachers from six regions. Some of the study’s main findings were that several sampled teachers taught under difficult circumstances in which their schools lacked classroom furniture, electricity, water, teaching and learning materials; had problems communicating with parents of their learners; had difficulties managing overcrowded classrooms; were given heavy administrative loads that prevented them from effectively undertaking their teaching duties and that they knew little about the existence of EFA goals. These and other findings are discussed in the paper and developed into insights for enhancing educational practice in Namibia and for identifying issues on which to base further research
Landscape-painter as landscape-gardener : the case of Alfred Parsons R.A.
No full textIn 2 vols.Available from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN016830 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo
Namibian teachers’ understanding of education for all issues
No full textThe purpose of this study was to find out Namibian teachers’ understanding of their work circumstances, goals of education for all (EFA) and quality of education. To obtain data on these issues, a structured questionnaire was administered to a proportional representative sample of 1611 primary and secondary school teachers from six regions. Some of the study’s main findings were that several sampled teachers taught under difficult circumstances in which their schools lacked classroom furniture, electricity, water, teaching and learning materials; had problems communicating with parents of their learners; had difficulties managing overcrowded classrooms; were given heavy administrative loads that prevented them from effectively undertaking their teaching duties and that they knew little about the
existence of EFA goals. These and other findings are discussed in the paper and developed into insights for enhancing educational practice in Namibia and for identifying issues on which to base further research
Bounded model checking of multi-threaded c programs via lazy sequentialization
No full textBounded model checking (BMC) has successfully been used for many practical program verification problems, but concurrency still poses a challenge. Here we describe a new approach to BMC of sequentially consistent C programs using POSIX threads. Our approach first translates a multi-threaded C program into a nondeterministic sequential C program that preserves reachability for all round-robin schedules with a given bound on the number of rounds. It then re-uses existing high-performance BMC tools as backends for the sequential verification problem. Our translation is carefully designed to introduce very small memory overheads and very few sources of nondeterminism, so that it produces tight SAT/SMT formulae, and is thus very effective in practice: our prototype won the concurrency category of SV-COMP14. It solved all verification tasks successfully and was 30x faster than the best tool with native concurrency handling.<br/
Patterns of behavior in biodiversity preservation
No full textConservation budgets are limited, so it is right to ask of biodiversity programs, What should be preserved? How much should be preserved? Where? Recent papers on optimal preservation policy have tried to integrate three considerations: the relative uniqueness of different species or habitats, the degree of risk to their continued survival, and the opportunity cost of the resources needed to enhance their prospects for survival. It is natural to ask, How are we doing? Have biodiversity conservation resources been optimally allocated? What determines government decisions about the preservation of endangered species? The authors submit the first report card, an empirical analysis of U.S. species preservation policy, the best-documented country experience currently available. The authors discuss the most common normative justifications for biodiversity preservation and identify measurable proxies for a subset of those justifications. Proxies include"scientific"species characteristics, such as"degree of endangerment"and"taxonomic uniqueness,"as well as"visceral"characteristics, such as physical size and to what extent a species is considered a"higher form of life."They find that both kindsof characteristics, but especially"visceral"characteristics, influence government decisions on whether to protect a species under the Endangered Species Act. The authors find that"visceral"characteristics- especially physical size and taxonomic class - are also important in explaining how much is spent on endangered species. Perhaps more surprising is their finding that more is spent on animals with lower risk of extinction than on animals with a higher risk of extinction. The author's results are sobering. Many millions have been spent on species preservation, but neither uniqueness nor risk has weighed heavily in resource allocation. Instead there has been a heavy bias toward"charismatic megafauna"- large, well-known birds and mammals ("higher forms of life,"in the human value system). Other classes of fauna - including, say, eels or wild toads - and all flora, have gotten extremely short shrift. Prominent examples of species with high charisma, high attention, and relatively low endangerment are the bald eagle, the Florida scrub jay, and the grizzly bear. Other species may have less charisma but could have more scientific value or species risk.Wildlife Resources,Wetlands,Environmental Economics&Policies,Information Technology,Biodiversity
Making noisy data sing : a micro approach to measuring industrial efficiency
No full textTechnical, scale and allocative inefficiency are widely believed to plague the industrial sectors of developing countries. This paper presents a way to measure this inefficiency with imperfect data. There is great interest in documenting the patterns and magnitudes of inefficiency, so that appropriate corrective policies can be designed. This paper presents a new approach to analyzing plant efficiency that recognizes and deals with such data imperfections as measurement error, missing observations and selectivity bias. The author has developed full-information maximum-likelihood (FIML) estimators of production technologies that deal with missing data and measurement errors, making alternative assumptions about the missing data patterns and the timing of employment and decisions. These estimators yield indices of the returns to scale, means square deviation from the efficient frontier and - when labor is treated as endogenous - mean square deviation from efficient factor mixes. To gauge the performance of the alternative estimators, the author applies them to census data on Chilean industry, and compares the results with naive estimators that do not recognize data imperfections.Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Statistical&Mathematical Sciences,Information Technology,Banks&Banking Reform
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