1,720,952 research outputs found
TaskGenie: Crowd-Powered Task Generation for Struggling Search
No full textSearch tasks provide a medium for the evaluation of system performance and the underlying analytical aspects of IR systems. Researchers have recently developed new interfaces or mechanisms to support vague information needs and struggling search. However, little attention has been paid to the generation of a unified task set for evaluation and comparison of search engine improvements for struggling search. Generation of such tasks is inherently difficult, as each task is supposed to trigger struggling and exploring user behavior rather than simple search behavior. Moreover, the everchanging landscape of information needs would render old task sets less ideal if not unusable for system evaluation. In this paper, we propose a task generation method and develop a crowd-powered platform called TaskGenie to generate struggling search tasks online. Our experiments and analysis show that the generated tasks are qualified to emulate struggling search behaviors consisting of ‘repeated similar queries’ and ‘quick-back clicks’, etc. – tasks of diverse topics, high quality and difficulty can be created using this framework. For the benefit of the community, we publicly released the platform, a task set containing 80 topically diverse struggling search tasks generated and examined in this work, and the corresponding anonymized user behavior logs.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information System
Laman xiao ying yin qi de zi xuan-gui dao ou he leng bo se yuan zi zhi you guan ke ti
No full textCheung, Chi Man = 拉曼效應引起的自旋-軌道耦合冷玻色原子之有關課題 / 張智敏.Thesis M.Phil. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2014.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-66).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 20, December, 2016).Cheung, Chi Man = Laman xiao ying yin qi de zi xuan-gui dao ou he leng bo se yuan zi zhi you guan ke ti / Zhang Zhimin
Quantifying the Uncertainty of Short-Term Vegetation Anomalies Detection Using Eo-Based Coarse-Resolution Vegetation Products
No full textSatellite-based Earth Observation systems archived a variety of vegetation products during the last 50 years, which can reveal regional to global ecosystem dynamics across diverse spatiotemporal scales. The anomaly metrics such as Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) defined by comparing the current vegetation growth condition to historical average status based on long-term EO-based vegetation products were widely used to delineate abnormal vegetation variation exerted by either climatic or anthropogenic factors (e.g., droughts, wildfires). However, currently available long-term vegetation products may differ from each other in terms of sensors (observational platform or spectral bands), bio-physical definitions (e.g., NDVI, EVI, LAI, and VOD), spatiotemporal resolution, as well as the time-spans, which results in inconsistency across these vegetation products. Taking the VCI as an example, this study evaluated the uncertainty of vegetation anomalies detected based on different vegetation products over the middle reach of the Yangtze River by explicitly considering the effect of sensors, biophysical definitions, and time-spans. The preliminary results showed that VCI derived from NDVI products from different sensors (AVHRR vs. MODIS) induced significant inconsistent anomalies over most landscapes. The differences resulting from products with different biophysical definitions (NDVI vs. EVI, LAI, and VOD) are much lower than those from different sensors but still significant over specific areas. As for the time-spans, the 20-year NDVI based VCI presented a considerable reduction in variance over the study area on average compared to VCI calculated based on 5-year NDVI. In summary, caution should be taken when applying EO-based vegetation products for vegetation anomalies mapping, especially for quantitative assessment.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Optical and Laser Remote Sensin
How Does Team Composition Affect Knowledge Gain of Users in Collaborative Web Search?
No full textStudies in searching as learning (SAL) have revealed that user knowledge gain not only manifests over a long-term learning period, but also occurs in single short-term web search sessions. Though prior works have shown that the knowledge gain of collaborators can be influenced by user demographics and searching strategies in long-term collaborative learning, little is known about the effect of these factors on user knowledge gain in short-term collaborative web search. In this paper, we present a study addressing the knowledge gain of user pairs in single collaborative web search sessions. Using crowdsourcing we recruited 454 unique users (227 random pairs), who then collaboratively worked on informational search tasks spanning 10 different topics and information needs. We investigated how users’ demographics and traits, and the interaction between these factors could influence their knowledge gain. We found that in contrast to offline collaboration cases, user demographics such as gender, age, etc. do not significantly effect users’ knowledge gain in collaborative web search sessions. Instead, our results highlight the presence of labor division of queries and particular interaction patterns in communication that facilitate knowledge gain in user pairs. Based on these findings, we propose a multiple linear regression model to predict the knowledge gain of users in collaborative web search sessions from the perspective of team composition.Virtual/online event due to COVID-19 Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Web Information System
我國五年制專科教育問題之研究
No full text[[abstract]]本研究採用描述研究法（Descriptive Research），除從事理論探討外，主要採用問
卷調查方式，以收集所需資料，所使用之調查工具，係自編之「五年制專科教育調查
問卷」，本調查共寄發問卷二六○一份，計收回有效問券二○○八份，扣除退件及廢
卷一二二份，回收率為八一•○％。整理回收問卷，並經統計分析後，獲致下列結論
：
壹、五專教育之現況
一、學生入學背景
（一）目前學生報考五專的原因中，仍以不必再受升學競爭的壓力為最優先考慮的因
素；可見五專教育未能以高教育品質及易於就業與進修等因素來吸引學生。
（二）五專學生於入學前還未能確定那些類科較符合自己的興趣，且對各類科的教育
目標及教學內涵以不甚了解者居多。
二、課程問題
（一）五學年內之各類課程（實習課程、專業課程與一般課程）內容的安排，認為大
部份不重複者約佔五分之四，顯見五專在各類課程內容的安排上頗能避免重複，達到
課程設計五年一貫的精神。
（二）關於五專學校所開各類課程內容與就業需要的配合情形，實習課程、專業課程
與一般課程內容僅小部份能配合就業需要，其中尤以一般課程最為重要。可見各類課
程內容應重新檢討與安排，使更能配合就業的需要。
（三）五專之實習課程與專業課程的上課時數，有不足的情形，應針對各類科的需要
酌予增多。一般課程的上課時數卻有過多的現象，亦應專就各類科的特性加以檢討。
（四）目前五專後二年的專業課程以採用大學教科書為主，公、私立五專學生認為採
用大學及專科用教科書與課程能配合者，約佔五分之四，約五分之三的學生認為採用
高職用教科書與課程不能配合。
三、設備問題
（一）五專基礎教育及高年級用之實習設備分未能滿足教學需要而公立五專的要求較
高故認為不夠者的比率較私立五專為高。
（二）五專基礎教育所用之專業實習設備水準的現況，以同時使用高職及五專高年級
水準的實習設備者居多，部分五專則與高職設備水準相同。
（三）各類人員認為基礎教育同時使用高職及五專高年級的專業實習設備，較能提高
教學效果，但是基礎教育使用高年級的專業實習設備較不符合經濟效益。
四、師資問題
（一）五專高年級師資的現況，根據調查結果，以認為部份師資有才學不足或大才小
用的情形者居多。其中尤以師資有才學不足的情形為甚；可見部份五專高年級師資的
素質有待提昇。
（二）各類人員認為基礎教育若由大專師資擔任，較能提高教學效果，然而，基礎教
育課程部份與高職相仿，若由大專師資擔任，易形成教育投資上的浪費。
五 、五專收費標準與最低學分數問題
（一）目前五專前三學年之學雜費收費標準應酌予降低，但仍應比高職收費標準高為
宜。
（二）目前五專最低畢業學分數為二二○學分的規定，應依據各類科的特性重新檢討
，適度增加或減少以滿足各類科的需要。
六、轉科與轉學問題
（一）根據調查結果，五專學生反應曾想轉科或轉學者的次數，高於未曾想轉科或轉
學者；在曾想轉科或轉學的填答次數中，以未能順利轉科或轉學者居多，約佔五分之
四。可見目前五專學生想轉科或轉學的現象甚為嚴重，且實際轉科或轉學的管道未能
暢通，無法滿足學生的需求，應謀求疏解及改善的辦法。
（二）根據調查結果，五專學生想在校轉科的原因中，以想轉到較符合自己興趣的類
科者為最主要因素；可見目前五專在校學生中，部份因所習的類科與興趣不符合，以
致學習情緒不穩定而想轉科，此種情形應謀求改善，以提高學生的學習效果。
（三）根據調查結果，五專學生轉學的原因中，以反應想轉學到其他教學效果應好的
五專者為最主要因素，尤以私立五專為甚，約佔二分之一。可見部份私立五專辦學成
效不佳，造成學生對學校不滿意而想轉學，對於此類的私立五專應輔導其改善教學，
以提高教育品質。
七、五專教育成效評估
（部份五專畢業生就業適應有困難，尤以私立五專畢業生為甚；可見目前專科教育人
力已呈過剩現象，且面臨失業及低度就業問題，部份私校因教學成效不佳，致畢業生
就業適應有困難。
（二）約五分之三的五專畢業生深信本身有繼續深造的能力，但是，五專與二、三專
的升學機會一樣多。
（三）五專學生在學中之學習意願有逐漸降低者，約佔五分之二；可見部份五專學生
在學期間的學習意願有逐漸降低的趨勢。無論公、私立五專，學校辦學成效欠佳及學
生在學中所習類科不合興趣是造成學生學習意願逐漸降低的重要原因。
（四）就五專畢業生若再做選擇時，以反應「升學五專」者，約佔五分之二，希望能
另外做選擇者，佔二分之一；可見部份學生對五專的教育成效，評價不佳，故應提高
五專教育品質，改善五專教育學制，以吸引學生接受五專教育。
貳、五專教育之政策方向
一、日本之五專是有計劃的國家投資，不准私人濫設，故以國立學校為最多。而我國
之五專則絕大部份為私立學校，私校因經費籌措困難 政府輔助之經費有限，致教育
素質不易全面提高。
二、英國、西德及美國專科學生入學前多需有相當年限之實際工作經驗，如此可事先
讓學生對其本身之性向、能力與興趣有試探的機會，減少因所習類科不符興趣而想轉
科的現象。
三、在專科教育學制方面，各國均以一至三年制為主流，大部份以事實需要來分類分
科，沒有統一制度，頗富彈性。
四、學生修畢五專前三年課程後，應有再選擇就業或升學的機會，以滿足學生的需求
，所以，五專教育應建立彈性學制，使學生有再選擇就業或升學的機會。
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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