31 research outputs found
Megalinus tangi Bordoni 2013, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Megalinus tangi</i> Bordoni, sp. nov. <p>(Fig. 2C; Fig. 7-1A–E)</p> <p> <b>Type materials.</b> Holotype: male, <b>CHINA: Xizang:</b> Motuo Co.: Hanmi, 2200 m, 19.VIII.2005, Tang Liang collected <b>(CT)</b>; paratype: one male, same data as holotype <b>(CB)</b>.</p>Published as part of <i>ZHOU, YU-LINGZI, BORDONI, ARNALDO & ZHOU, HONG-ZHANG, 2013, Taxonomy of the genus Megalinus Mulsant & Rey (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae, Xantholinini) and seven new species from China, pp. 1-66 in Zootaxa 3727 (1)</i> on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3727.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10099790">http://zenodo.org/record/10099790</a>
Gatzara nigrivena Wang
No full textGatzara nigrivena Wang in Wang eo al., 2012 (Figs. 5B, 7B, 11B) Gatzara nigrivena Wang in Wang et al. 2012: 41 (type locality: China: Tibet: Medog: Hanmi; holotype in CAU). Yang et al. 2018 (Gatzara). Wang et al. 2018: 59 (Gatzara). Diagnosis. Vertex with a pair of wide transversal bands and a pair of spots, anteriorly generally brown. Pronotum medially with a black stripe, anteriorly with a pair of black markings, mediolaterally with a pair of black spots, and posterolateraly with a pair of black arched stripes. Wings (Fig. 5B) broad, forewing nearly 2.5 times as long as wide of widest part, generally transparent, with scattered minute dark brown markings. Forewing rhegma present as a curved band; cubital area with markings reduced. Hindwing poststigmal area with a continuous band and a few small spots; rhegma present as an irregular marking. Female gonocoxites 8 with posterior branch half length of anterior branch; digging setae on gonocoxites 9 dense (Fig. 11B). Type Maoerial. Holotype female, CHINA: Tibet, Nyingchi, Medog County, Hanmi [ũẑ], 2200 m, 24.viii.2005, Dakang Zhou (CAU). Paratype: 1 female, China: Tibet, Nyingchi, Medog County, Hanmi, 2200 m, 26.viii.2005, Dakang Zhou (CAU). Addioional Maoerial Examined. 1 female, CHINA: Tibet, Nyingchi, Bome County, Pelung Town [NJAEø], 8.ix.2013, Gang Yao (CAU); 1 female, same locality as above, 1.ix.2005 (IZCAS).Published as part of Zheng, Yuchen, Hayashi, Fumio, Price, Benjamin W. & Liu, Xingyue, 2022, Unveiling the Evolutionary History of a Puzzling Antlion Genus Gatzara Navás (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) Based on Systematic Revision,, pp. 1-22 in Insect Systematics and Diversity 6 (3) on page 10, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixac00
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The Decline in Value Formulation: How Courts Should Approach State Bulk Sale Provisions in Bankruptcy
No full textBulk sale statutes require purchasers in a bulk sale to follow certain procedures in order to protect the state’s interest in recovering and collecting unpaid taxes. The recent decision in Illinois Department of Revenue v. Hanmi Bank left many practitioners wanting for a more robust answer to the questions of whether bulk sale provisions create interests of value for state revenue departments and how courts should classify those interests. The author argues that these interests should be protectable under § 363(e) of the Bankruptcy Code. The author further provides a framework for courts to determine the extent to which this protection should extend. Under this framework, which builds on statements made in dicta in Illinois Department of Revenue v. Hanmi Bank, the burden should be placed on a state’s department of revenue to prove that failing to protect an interest derived from the bulk sale statute will result in that interest losing value. A state would successfully prove this by showing that it would have recovered value from its interest had that interest been protected
The Decline in Value Formulation: How Courts Should Approach State Bulk Sale Provisions in Bankruptcy
No full textBulk sale statutes require purchasers in a bulk sale to follow certain procedures in order to protect the state’s interest in recovering and collecting unpaid taxes. The recent decision in Illinois Department of Revenue v. Hanmi Bank left many practitioners wanting for a more robust answer to the questions of whether bulk sale provisions create interests of value for state revenue departments and how courts should classify those interests. The author argues that these interests should be protectable under § 363(e) of the Bankruptcy Code. The author further provides a framework for courts to determine the extent to which this protection should extend. Under this framework, which builds on statements made in dicta in Illinois Department of Revenue v. Hanmi Bank, the burden should be placed on a state’s department of revenue to prove that failing to protect an interest derived from the bulk sale statute will result in that interest losing value. A state would successfully prove this by showing that it would have recovered value from its interest had that interest been protected
Polystichum wusugongii Liang Zhang, Xin M. Zhou & Li Bing Zhang 2023, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Polystichum wusugongii</i> Liang Zhang, Xin M. Zhou & Li Bing Zhang, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Fig. 3) <p> Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Medog County, Motuo Town, elev. ca. 2240 m, 29°17’N / 95°22’E, near a stream at forest margins, 18 June 2021, <i>Liang Zhang, Xia Wan, Jianjun Yang & Wanglin Zhao 4219</i> (holotype KUN-1575998!; isotype!).</p> <p> Diagnosis: <i>Polystichum wusugongii</i> is most similar to <i>P. hookerianum</i> by having pinnate laminae and lanceolate pinnae often longer than 5 cm. However, it can be distinguished by the presence of only one row of sori on each side of the midrib and the free venation.</p> <p> <b>Plants</b> perennial, evergreen, terrestrial. <b>Rhizome</b> short, erect, ca. 6–15 mm in diam., with many glabrous and dark brown roots; densely covered with ovate-lanceolate brown scales, scales 4.0–6.1× 1.1–2.0 mm. <b>Frond</b> caespitose, 2–5 per rhizome, 46–97 cm tall; petiole stramineous, 11.5–39.5 cm, 1–3 mm in diam. at base, adaxially canaliculated, base scaly, scales light brown, linear-lanceolate, 3.1–4.2 × 1.0– 2.1 mm, scattered, margins entire. <b>Lamina</b> once pinnate, lanceolate, thickly papery, 21–64 × 9–12 cm, apex acuminate, slightly shortened at base; rachises stramineous, 19–60 cm long, ca. 1.1–3.2 mm in diam. at middle, sparsely covered with lanceolate brown scales, adaxially sulcate. <b>Pinnae</b> 21–27 pairs, middle pinnae 3.9–9.5 × 0.8–1.5 cm, alternate, slightly ascendant, shortly stalked, lanceolate, apices acuminate or rarely caudate, bases cuneate and asymmetrical, basiscopic proximal margins entire, acroscopic margins and basiscopic distal margins irregularly to othed or repand, teeth 0.7–1.2 mm, acroscopic base of pinna distinctly auriculate; adaxially glabrous, abaxially slightly scaly; venation pinnate, lateral veins free, visible or distinct abaxially, indistinct adaxially. <b>Sori</b> round, terminal on shorter veinlets, in one row on each side of midrib, medial, centers of sori ca. 0.5–0.7 cm from pinna margins, 18–24 on acroscopic side of middle pinnae, 14–20 on basiscopic side of middle pinnae; indusia present, round, membranous, entire, white when young, dark brown when mature; 64 spores per sporangium.</p> <p> <b>Additional specimens examined (paratype)</b>:— CHINA. Xizang: Medog County, Beibeng Xiang, near Hanmi lodge, elev. ca. 2100 m, 29°21'N / 95°7'E, terrestrial in evergreen forests, 24 October 2021, <i>Liang Zhang 4709</i> (KUN! & PYU!).</p> <p> <b>Geographical distribution</b>:—Currently, <i>Polystichum wusugongii</i> is only found in Medog County, Xizang, China and may represent a species endemic to Xizang, China.</p> <p> <b>Ecology</b>:— <i>Polystichum wusugongii</i> was observed to be terrestrial in the evergreen forests or near stream at forest margins, at elevations between 2100 and 2240 m.</p> <p> <b>Etymology</b>:—In honor of the late Prof. Sugong Wu, one of the authors of Flora Xizangica, who had started exploring plant diversity in Xizang since 1960.</p> <p> <b>Vernacular name</b>:—Îffiff̎ (su gong er jue).</p> <p> <b>Notes</b>:—Morphologically, <i>Polystichum wusugongii</i> is most similar to <i>P. hookerianum</i> by having larger habit compared to other species of the genus with one pinnate lamina. However, <i>P. hookerianum</i> is unique by its anastomosing venation and more than one row of sori on either side of the midrib. Phylogenetically, these two species were resolved as sister to each other but with distinct divergence between them. In Medog, <i>P. hookerianum</i> was found at elevations below 1500 m, while <i>P. wusugongii</i> has been found at elevations above 2000 m.</p>Published as part of <i>Qiu, Yong-Ling, Yang, Jian-Jun, Zhou, Xin-Mao, Ju, Wen-Bin, Zhang, Li-Bing, He, Zhao- Rong & Zhang, Liang, 2023, Three new species of Polystichum (Dryopteridaceae) from Xizang, China based on morphological and molecular evidence, pp. 18-30 in Phytotaxa 618 (1)</i> on pages 22-24, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.618.1.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8389725">http://zenodo.org/record/8389725</a>
Efficient and Accurate Calibration of Discrete Element Method Parameters for Black Beans
No full textDiscrete element parameters of the black bean (BLB) are key to developing high-performance BLB machineries (e.g., seeders and shellers), which are still lacking in previous literature. In this study, the effects of the radius and lifting speed of cylinder-in-cylinder lifting method (CLM) simulations were investigated to efficiently and accurately obtain the repose angle. Discrete element method (DEM) parameters of the BLB were determined by combining the Plackett–Burman Design test, the steepest ascent design test, and the central composite design test. The results show that the measurement moment (i.e., 12 s) of repose angles should be determined when kinetic energy reaches the minimal threshold (1 × 10−6 J) to efficiently and accurately obtain repose angles; too early or too late a measurement can result in inaccurate repose angles or excessive computation time of the computer, respectively. The lifting speed and cylinder radius affected the lateral displacements of BLBs and came at the cost of higher computation time and memory usage. A lifting speed of 0.015 m·s−1 and a radius of 40 mm of the cylinder were determined in CLM simulations. The static friction coefficient and rolling friction coefficient between BLBs significantly affected the repose angles. A static friction coefficient of 0.202 and rolling friction coefficient of 0.0104 between BLBs were obtained based on the optimization results. A low relative error (0.74%) and insignificant difference (p > 0.05) between the simulated and measured repose angles were found. The suggested method can be potentially used to calibrate the DEM parameters of BLBs with good accuracy. The results from this study can provide implications for investigating interactions of BLBs and various BLB processing machines and for the efficient and accurate determination of DEM parameters of crop grains
Effects of Subsoiling with Different Wing Mounting Heights on Soil Water Infiltration Using HYDRUS-2D Simulations
No full textSubsoiling is an essential practice in conservation tillage technology. The amount of disturbed soil at various depths resulting from subsoilers with different parameters has an important effect on soil properties (e.g., bulk density and water infiltration). The information regarding the effects of subsoiling on the characteristics of soil water infiltration is essential for the design of subsoiling tools. In this study, the effects of the wing mounting height (h) (75–155 mm) of the subsoiler on soil disturbance and soil water infiltration were modelled using HYDRUS-2D and validated using field experiments. Results showed that reducing h values resulted in larger soil disturbance area ratios, soil water infiltration rates (f(t)), distances of vertical wetting front movement (DVWs), accumulative infiltrations (AINs), and soil moisture contents at depths of 10–30 cm. The relationships among characteristics of soil water infiltration, h and time (t), were developed. The stable infiltration rates (fs) varied quadratically with h and the corresponding coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9869. The Horton model is more suitable for describing the relationship between f(t) and t under the tested soil conditions, as compared with the Kostiakov and Philip models. According to the results of soil water content at different depths from the HYDRUS simulations and field experiments, the developed soil water infiltration model had a good accuracy, as indicated by RMSEs of 2 values of >0.95, and mean relative errors of <12%. The Above results indicated that increasing the hardpan disturbance by optimizing wing parameters of the subsoiler could improve soil water infiltration characteristics
Performance Evaluation of a Cicada-Inspired Subsoiling Tool Using DEM Simulations
No full textSubsoiling practice is an essential tillage practice in modern agriculture. Tillage forces and energy consumption during subsoiling are extremely high, which reduces the economic benefits of subsoiling technology. In this paper, a cicada-inspired biomimetic subsoiling tool (CIST) was designed to reduce the draught force during subsoiling. A soil–tool interaction model was developed using EDEM and validated using lab soil bin tests with sandy loam soil. The validated model was used to optimize the CIST and evaluate its performance by comparing it with a conventional chisel subsoiling tool (CCST) at various working depths (250–350 mm) and speeds (0.5–2.5 ms−1). Results showed that both simulated draught force and soil disturbance behaviors agreed well with those from lab soil bin tests, as indicated by relative errors of <6.1%. Compared with the CCST, the draught forces of the CIST can be reduced by 17.7% at various working depths and speeds; the design of the CIST obviously outperforms some previous biomimetic designs with largest draught force reduction of 7.29–12.8%. Soil surface flatness after subsoiling using the CIST was smoother at various depths than using the CCST. Soil loosening efficiencies of the CIST can be raised by 17.37% at various working speeds. Results from this study implied that the developed cicada-inspired subsoiling tool outperforms the conventional chisel subsoiling tool on aspects of soil disturbance behaviors, draught forces, and soil loosening efficiencies. This study can have implications for designing high-performance subsoiling tools with reduced draught forces and energy requirements, especially for the subsoiling tools working under sandy loam soil
Recent Advances in Biomimetic Methods for Tillage Resistance Reduction in Agricultural Soil-Engaging Tools
No full textThe high tillage resistance of agricultural soil-engaging tools (TASTs) in farmland operations (e.g., tillage, sowing, crop management, and harvesting) increases fuel consumption and harmful gas emissions, which negatively affect the development of sustainable agriculture. Biomimetic methods are promising and effective technologies for reducing the TASTs and have been developed in the past few years. This review comprehensively summarizes the typical agricultural soil-engaging tools (ASETs) and their characteristics and presents existing biomimetic methods for decreasing TASTs. The introduction of TAST reduction was performed on aspects of tillage, sowing, crop management, and harvesting. The internal mechanisms and possible limitations of current biomimetic methods for various ASETs were investigated. The tillage resistance reduction rates of ASETs, as affected by various biomimetic methods, were quantitatively compared under different soil conditions with statistical analyses. Additionally, three future research directions were recommended in the review to further reduce TASTs and encourage the development of sustainable agriculture
Gatzara nigrivena Wang, new species
No full text4. Gatzara nigrivena Wang, new species (Fig. 4: A–E) Female. forewing 40–41mm, hind wing 39–41mm, abdomen 21–24mm. Male. Unknown. Head (Fig. 4: B-C). Eye black grayish, with small dark spots; face yellow, dark band around antennae; vertex yellow with a pair of transverse black line and a pair of triangle black marks. Maxillary palpus shiny black; labial palpus dark brown. Antenna clavate, flagellum comprising about 28 glagellomeres, black except about 15-23 flagellomeres brown. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 4 -C) longer than wide, bearing sparse black short setae, yellow with a well defined black medial stripe and a pair of lateral curved outward black arched stripes which interrupted at the middle; two big black spots and dense tiny spots on anterior 1 / 3 of pronotum. Mesothorax and metathorax bearing sparse black short setae, general coloration yellowish with black stripes along anterior margin, lateral margin and midline. Legs. Foreleg: coxa mostly yellowish except basal part black, covered with sparse black long setae; femur and tibia with alternating coloration of black and yellowish; black basal part of tibia with a light brown spot at outer side; tarsus black except the basic part of the first and second segment yellowish; spurs and claws red brown; spurs straight, extending to about apex of the 2 nd tarsomere or a little above. Midleg and hindleg similar to foreleg. Forewing. The outer margin concave; venation alternating between pale and dark; anterior Banksian line distinct; posterior Banksian line indistinct; the width of costal area about same as the most width between R and Rs; Rs with 10 branches; prosectoral area with 4 crossveins; the bifurcation of Rs before cubital fork; the area of rhegma with a arched black stripe; the anastomosis of CuA and CuP+ 1 A with a short black line; abundant black spots diffused on area near apex and outer margin. Stigma white, with many black spots surrounded; hypostigmal cell long and narrow. Hindwing. Narrower, shorter and paler than forewing; prosectoral area with 1 crossvein; Rs with 9-11 branches; the area of rhegma with a netlike mark; anastomosis of CuA and CuP+ 1 A without spot; apex with a distinct black stripe halved apex angle; sparse black spots diffusing near stigma and outer margin; stigma white; hypostigmal longer than forewing. Abdomen. Irregular alternating brown and black with sparse short black setae. The female genitalia as in Fig. 4 -D, ectoproct oval, short and broad with sparse short dark setae; 9 th-interior gonapophysis oblong with dense digging setae, 8 th-interior gonapophysis fingerlike, as long as 8 th-external gonapophysis. Male. Unknown. Material Examined. Holotype, Ƥ, Hanmi, Prov. Xizang, 95 °07ʹE, 29 ° 23 ʹN. 2200m, 24.VIII. 2005, Zhou Dakang leg (CAU-N 101294). Paratype, Ƥ, Hanmi, Prov. Xizang, 95 °07ʹE, 29 ° 23 ʹN. 2200m, 26.VIII. 2005, Zhou Dakang leg (CAU-N 101295). Distribution. China (Xizang). Etymology. nigri - L. black; vena L. vein; referring to this species with many black veins. Remarks. The new species is similar to G. angulineura (Yang, 1987), but may be distinguished from it by the latter having wings long and narrow, with the outer margin smooth, and without distinct black stripe that halves the apex angle of the hind wing.Published as part of Wang, Xinli, Ao, Weiguang, Wang, Zhiliang & Wan, Xia, 2012, Review of the genus Gatzara Navás, 1915 from China (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae), pp. 34-46 in Zootaxa 3408 on pages 41-42, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21399
