1,720,973 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Polüsialüülitud närviraku adhesioonimolekuli (PSA-NCAMi) roll silma võrkkesta ganglionirakkude elulemusele täiskasvanueas
Get PDFVäitekirja elektrooniline versioon ei sisalda publikatsiooneNärviraku adhesioonimolekul (NCAM) on glükoproteiin, mis kuulub immunoglobuliinide superperekonda. Kolm peamist NCAMi isovormi on jaotatud molekulmassi alusel (NCAM-180, NCAM-140, NCAM-120) ning need erinevad üksteisest rakumembraani läbiva domeeni poolest. Närviraku adhesioonimolekulide peamine roll on närvirakkude vaheliste kontaktide loomine ja nende stabiliseerimine. Polüsiaalhappe (PSA) seondumine NCAMi viienda immunoglobuliini domeeni külge toimub polüsialüültransferaas II (ST8SiaII) ja IV (ST8SiaIV) vahendusel, ning selle tulemusena väheneb rakkudevaheline adhesioon. Lisaks on näidatud, et PSA-NCAM ei mõjuta mitte üksnes rakkudevahelisi adhesiivseid omandusi, vaid sellel on oluline roll ka protsessides, mille kaudu reguleeritakse rakkude elulemust, proliferatsiooni, diferentseerumist, migratsiooni, aksonite väljakasvu ning sünaptilist plastilisust. PSA-NCAMi leidub valdavalt kesknärvisüsteemi neuronitel ning gliiarakkudel ja olles närvirakkudevahelise struktuurse dünaamilisuse vahendaja, omab ta olulist rolli aju plastilisuse regulatsioonis nii arenevas ajukoes kui ka täiskasvanueas. Silma võrkkestas esineb PSA-NCAMi täiskasvanueas kõige rohkem Mülleri rakkudel ja astrotsüütidel ganglionirakkude (RGC) juures. Silma võrkkest koosneb mitmetest erineva funktsiooniga rakukihtidest, millest ühe kihi moodustavad ganglionirakud. Selles kihis paiknevad RGCde kehad, mille aksonid moodustavad nägemisnärvi. On näidatud, et silma võrkkesta PSA-NCAM võib mõjutada RGC elulemust, kuid milline on PSA-NCAMi täpne roll täiskasvanueas silma võrkkesta funktsiooni tagamisel, pole teada.
Töö eesmärgid:
1. Tuvastada, kas NCAM, ST8SiaII, ST8SiaIV puudulikel hiirtel ja endosialidaas-N-i (Endo-N) indutseeritud PSA defitsiit metsiktüüpi hiirtel esinevad muutused PSA-NCAMi ekspressionis ja silma võrkkesta RGCde arvus.
2. Selgitada, kas ja kuidas mõjutab NCAM-/-, ST8SiaII-/-, ST8SiaIV-/- või Endo-N-iga tekitatud PSA kadu silma võrkkesta RGCde elulemust neurotoksiini kaiinhappe intravitreaalse manustamise järgselt.
3. Selgitada, millise mehhanismi vahendusel väheneb PSA-NCAMi tase ning tekib RGCde degeneratsioon kaiinhappe intravitreaalse manustamise järgselt.
4. Teha kindlaks PSA-NCAMi ja maatriksi metalloproteinaas-9 (MMP-9) roll RGCde elulemusele hiire streptosototsiiniga indutseeritud diabeedi mudelis.
Töö tulemused:
1. Antud töö tulemused näitasid, et vastsündinud ST8SiaII-/- ja ST8SiaIV-/- hiirtel on PSA-NCAMi ekspressioon oluliselt vähenenud, kuid täiskasvanud hiirtel ekspressioonis muutusi ei täheldatud. NCAM-/- hiirtel PSA-NCAMi ei leitud. Tuvastati, et NCAM-/- hiirtel on RGCde arv oluliselt suurenenud, vastupidiselt ST8SiaII-/- hiirtele, kellel RGCde arv on vähenenud, kuid ST8SiaIV-/- hiirtel RGCde arvus muutusi ei esinenud. Samuti selgus, et PSA eemaldamine NCAMilt Endo-N-iga ei mõjutanud RGCde elulemust.
2. Ilmnes, et ST8SiaII-, ST8SiaIV- või NCAM-defitsiitsetel loomadel ei mõjutanud kaiinhappe poolt põhjustatud toksilisus RGCde elulemust, mille põhjuseks võib olla olemasolevate sialüültransferaaside aktivatsioon. Samas, Endo-N-iga tekitatud PSA kadu suurendas kaiinhappe toksilist toimet RGCdele, mis viitab, et polüsialüülitud NCAMi vorm on vajalik RGCde elulemuse tagamiseks.
3. Selgus, et MMP-9 osaleb kaiinhappest indutseeritud PSA-NCAMi taseme vähenemises, põhjustades PSA eemaldamist NCAMilt ning selle mehhanismi kaudu mõjutatakseb RGCde elulemust.
4. Tuvastati, et streptosototsiiniga indutseeritud diabeedi mudelis on RGCde arv vähenenud ja see on seotud PSA-NCAMi taseme vähenemisega ning MMP-9 aktivatsiooni suurenemisega RGCde piirkonnas.Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) undergo degeneration in many human diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, optic nerve atrophy, some inherited diseases (dominant optic atrophy, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy). There is no effective treatment for progressive vision loss due to RGC degeneration. Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) is expressed abundantly in the retina in close proximity to the RGCs. PSA is attached to NCAM by two specific polysialyltransferases, II and IV (ST8SiaII, ST8SiaIV). It is thought that PSA-NCAM affects not only adhesive properties between cells, but also plays a role in the intracellular signaling, which influences cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, axon outgrowth and pathfinding, and synaptic plasticity. The functions of PSA-NCAM in the retina in the adult are not clearly understood. One of the putative roles of PSA-NCAM in the retina is in the maintenance of RGC survival.
The aims of this study were to investigate in detail (a) the survival of RGCs in mice deficient for NCAM and ST8SiaII or ST8SiaIV; (b) the protective roles of NCAM/PSA-NCAM during excitotoxic retinal damage induced by kainic acid (KA); (c) the protective roles of PSA-NCAM in the mouse model of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Our study demonstrates that the viability and survival of RGCs is dependent on the presence of PSA-NCAM expressed by astroglial and Müller cells. Excitotoxic retinal damage or diabetic retinopathy induces a decrease in the levels of PSA-NCAM and thereby promotes RGC degeneration. The reduction of PSA-NCAM levels in these models is mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which induces shedding of the extracellular domain of PSA-NCAM. Our study demonstrates that PSA-NCAM and MMP-9 might be new pharmacological targets to combat retinal degeneration.
https://www.ester.ee/record=b529321
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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