390 research outputs found
Key Magnetized Exosomes for Effective Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin Against Breast Cancer Cell Types in Mice Model [Letter]
No full textHanzhe Zhao,1 Mingzheng Hu2 1China Three Gorges University, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Mingzheng Hu, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, No. 183 Yiling Avenue, Wujia District, Yichang, Hubei, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]
Genetic background analysis and breed evaluation of Yiling yellow cattle
No full textAbstract: Traditionally, Chinese indigenous cattle is geographically widespread. The present study analyzed based on genome-wide variants to evaluate the genetic background among 157 individuals from four representative indigenous cattle breeds of Hubei Province of China: Yiling yellow cattle (YL), Bashan cattle (BS), Wuling cattle (WL), Zaobei cattle (ZB), and 21 individuals of Qinchuan cattle (QC) from the nearby Shanxi Province of China. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed the LD of YL was the lowest (r2=0.32) when the distance between markers was approximately 2 kb. Principle component analysis (PCA), and neighbor-joining (NJ)-tree revealed a separation of Yiling yellow cattle from other geographic nearby local cattle breeds. In PCA plot, the YL and QC groups were segregated as expected; moreover, YL individuals clustered together more obviously. In the NJ-tree, the YL group formed an independent branch and BS, WL, ZB groups were mixed. We then used the FST statistic approach to reveal long-term selection sweep of YL and other 4 cattle breeds. According to the selective sweep, we identified the unique pathways of YL, associated with production traits. Based on the results, it can be proposed that YL has its unique genetic characteristics of excellence resource, and it is an indispensable cattle breed in China
One‐ and Two‐Electron Transfer Oxidation of 1,4‐Disilabenzene with Formation of Stable Radical Cations and Dications
No full textElectron‐transferable oxidants such as B(C(6)F(5))(3)/nBuLi, B(C(6)F(5))(3)/LiB(C(6)F(5))(4), B(C(6)F(5))(3)/LiHBEt(3), Al(C(6)F(5))(3)/(o‐RC(6)H(4))AlH(2) (R=N(CMe(2)CH(2))(2)CH(2)), B(C(6)F(5))(3)/AlEt(3), Al(C(6)F(5))(3), Al(C(6)F(5))(3)/nBuLi, Al(C(6)F(5))(3)/AlMe(3), (CuC(6)F(5))(4), and Ag(2)SO(4), respectively were employed for reactions with (L)(2)Si(2)C(4)(SiMe(3))(2)(C(2)SiMe(3))(2) (L=PhC(NtBu)(2), 1). The stable radical cation [1](+.) was formed and paired with the anions [nBuB(C(6)F(5))(3)](−) (in 2), [B(C(6)F(5))(4)](−) (in 3), [HB(C(6)F(5))(3)](−) (in 4), [EtB(C(6)F(5))(3)](−) (in 5), {[(C(6)F(5))(3)Al](2)(μ‐F)](−) (in 6), [nBuAl(C(6)F(5))(3)](−) (in 7), and [Cu(C(6)F(5))(2)](−) (in 8), respectively. The stable dication [1](2+) was also generated with the anions [EtB(C(6)F(5))(3)](−) (9) and [MeAl(C(6)F(5))(3)](−) (10), respectively. In addition, the neutral compound [(L)(2)Si(2)C(4)(SiMe(3))(2)(C(2)SiMe(3))(2)][μ‐O(2)S(O)(2)] (11) was obtained. Compounds 2–11 are characterized by UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and elemental analysis. Compounds 2–8 are analyzed by EPR spectroscopy and compounds 9–11 by NMR spectroscopy. The structure features are discussed on the central Si(2)C(4)‐rings of 1, [1](+.), [1](2+), and 11, respectively
Doplor Sleep: Monitoring Hospital Soundscapes for Better Sleep Hygiene
No full textGood sleep is conducive to the recovery process of hospital patients - and yet, in many wards, sleep duration and quality can often be suboptimal, in part due to modifiable hospital-related sounds and noises. At the neurological ward of the Reinier de Graaf hospital in Delft, the Netherlands, we developed and evaluated a prototype information exchange system to raise awareness of specific sounds as disturbing patients' sleep. The system both classifies different relevant sound events and tracks sleep quality (using a Fitbit device). This information is then visualized for patients and staff to present the influence of the soundscape on patients' sleep hygiene in a friendly and comprehensive way. We discuss the design process, including a context study and various evaluations of the technology, interface, and created affordances. Our initial findings indicate that visualizing hospital soundscapes may, indeed, support both patients and staff in their efforts towards better sleep hygiene. Design AestheticsInternet of Thing
Geometrically Compelled Silicon(II)/Silicon(IV) Donor‐Acceptor Interaction Enables the Enamination of Nitriles
No full textDiscovering new bonding scenarios and subsequently exploring the reactivity contribute substantially to advance the main group element chemistry. Herein, we report on the isolation and characterization of an intriguing class of the hydrido‐benzosiloles 2–4. These compounds exhibit a side arm of the amidinatosilylenyl group, featuring unidirectional silicon(II)/silicon(IV) donor‐acceptor interaction on account of the geometric constraint. Furthermore, the reactions involving 2–4 with nitriles yield the tricyclic compounds that edge‐fused of the Si‐heteroimidazolidine‐CN2Si2, silole‐C4Si, and phenyl‐C6‐rings (5–13). These compounds are manifesting a unique reaction that the silicon(II)/silicon(IV) interaction enables the enamination of the α‐H‐bearing nitriles. The reaction mechanism involved in H‐shift under oxidative addition at silylene followed by hydrosilylation of a ketenimine intermediate was revealed by density function theory (DFT) calculations
Prevention of Melasma During Pregnancy: Risk Factors and Photoprotection-Focused Strategies
No full textLeilei Zhao,1 Xinmeng Fu,2 Hongbin Cheng3 1School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Boao Yiling Life Care Center, Qionghai, Hainan Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hongbin Cheng, Email [email protected]: Melasma is a benign but emotionally distressing skin condition that reduces patients’ quality of life, with prevalence rates during pregnancy ranging from 36.4% to 75%. Troublingly, up to 30% of cases are reported to persist after delivery, even ten years later. And recurrence and aggravation are common in subsequent pregnancies. This review examines the risk factors and mechanisms associated with melasma during pregnancy and summarized corresponding preventive strategies. We emphasize the critical role of photoprotection, including the use of sunscreens from the first trimester, in reducing the incidence of melasma.Keywords: melasma, pregnancy, risk factors, prevention, photoprotectio
Deep characteristics analysis on travel time of emergency traffic
No full textOwing to the rapid development of emergency rescue transportation in cities and the frequent emergencies, demand for emergency rescue is increasing drastically. How to select an emergency rescue route quickly and shorten the rescue travel time under the condition of limited urban road resources is of great significance. Based on the characteristics analysis of emergency rescue, this paper classifies priority levels of different emergency traffic, moreover, the travel times are also analysed with three scenarios: 1) emergency rescue vehicles encountering no queues; 2) encountered queues but lanes available; 3) encountered queues with no available lanes. Related case study shows that model in this paper can effectively shorten travel time of emergency traffic in the route and improve its efficiency.Accepted Author ManuscriptTransport and Plannin
A Machine with Short-Term, Episodic, and Semantic Memory Systems
No full textInspired by the cognitive science theory of the explicit human memory systems, we have modeled an agent with short-term, episodic, and semantic memory systems, each of which is modeled with a knowledge graph. To evaluate this system and analyze the behavior of this agent, we designed and released our own reinforcement learning agent environment, the Room , where an agent has to learn how to encode, store, and retrieve memories to maximize its return by answering questions. We show that our deep Q-learning based agent successfully learns whether a short-term memory should be forgotten, or rather be stored in the episodic or semantic memory systems. Our experiments indicate that an agent with human-like memory systems can outperform an agent without this memory structure in the environment
Oryzalexin S biosynthesis: a cross-stitched disappearing pathway
No full textRice produces many diterpenoid phytoalexins and, reflecting the importance of these natural products in this important cereal crop plant, its genome contains three biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for such metabolism. The chromosome 4 BGC (c4BGC) is largely associated with momilactone production, in part due to the presence of the initiating syn-copalyl diphosphate (CPP) synthase gene (OsCPS4). Oryzalexin S is also derived from syn-CPP. However, the relevant subsequently acting syn-stemarene synthase gene (OsKSL8) is not located in the c4BGC. Production of oryzalexin S further requires hydroxylation at carbons 2 and 19 (C2 and C19), presumably catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases. Here it is reported the closely related CYP99A2 and CYP99A3, whose genes are also found in the c4BGC catalyze the necessary C19-hydroxylation, while the closely related CYP71Z21 and CYP71Z22, whose genes are found in the recently reported chromosome 7 BGC (c7BGC), catalyze subsequent hydroxylation at C2α. Thus, oryzalexin S biosynthesis utilizes two distinct BGCs, in a pathway cross-stitched together by OsKSL8. Notably, in contrast to the widely conserved c4BGC, the c7BGC is subspecies (ssp.) specific, being prevalent in ssp. japonica and only rarely found in the other major ssp. indica. Moreover, while the closely related syn-stemodene synthase OsKSL11 was originally considered to be distinct from OsKSL8, it has now been reported to be a ssp. indica derived allele at the same genetic loci. Intriguingly, more detailed analysis indicates that OsKSL8(j) is being replaced by OsKSL11 (OsKSL8i), suggesting introgression from ssp. indica to (sub)tropical japonica, with concurrent disappearance of oryzalexin S production.This article is published as Zhao, L., Oyagbenro, R., Feng, Y. et al. Oryzalexin S biosynthesis: a cross-stitched disappearing pathway. aBIOTECH 4, 1–7 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42994-022-00092-3. Copyright The Author(s) 2023. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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