1,723,315 research outputs found
Resting State Functional MRI Patterns: A Neural Fingerprint for Human Behavior
Get PDFFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) indirectly and non-invasively measures neural activity. Resting state spontaneous fMRI signals measured in the absence of any task resemble signals evoked by task performance both in topography and inter-regional functional connectivity, suggesting a close relationship between resting state patterns and behavior. However, the fundamental function of resting state spontaneous brain activity is still unknown. The present dissertation aimed to investigate the relationship between intrinsic activity and task-evoked activity to better understand the nature and function of resting state intrinsic brain activity. We measured the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal with fMRI in the human brain to analyze the multi-vertex activity patterns of intrinsic activity and compare them to those evoked by four different hand movements.
In Chapter 1, we review previous evidence of an association between intrinsic and task-evoked activity. In Chapter 2, a study related to data preprocessing methods essential to compute task-rest similarity is presented. Specifically, we used two different data preprocessing pipelines: one is an unimodal pipeline, in which we included signals from T1-weighted images for structural reconstruction, and the other one is a multimodal pipeline, where signals from both T1-weighted and T2-weighted images were included for structural reconstruction. We compared both structural and functional outcomes between two pipelines and reported that functional metrics are only slightly different when using an unimodal compared to a multimodal approach, while the structural output can be significantly affected.
In Chapters 3 to 5, we investigate the hypothesis that spontaneous activity patterns play a representational role and code for behaviorally related information. The main idea is that patterns of activity induced by behaviorally relevant stimuli over long periods would be represented in spontaneous activity patterns. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between resting state intrinsic activity and task-evoked activity with different regions of interest in terms of similarity using spatial correlation coefficient distributions computed between task-evoked patterns and entire resting-state BOLD frames.
In Chapter 3, we show that in the motor cortex, resting state patterns are more similar to ecological movement (Grip) evoked patterns, compared to non-ecological movement (Shake) evoked patterns. In Chapter 4, we show that activity patterns related to hand movements replay at rest in frontoparietal regions of the human attention system. Interestingly, the results are more diffuse. In the dorsal attention network, resting-state patterns were more likely to match task patterns for the ecological movements than the control movement. In contrast, rest-task pattern correlation was more likely for less ecological movement in the ventral attention network. Based on the divergent effect between dorsal attention network and ventral attention network, we present a perspective shown in Chapter 6. In Chapter 5, we identify three similar coactivation patterns from rest and task and these resting-state coactivation patterns code for hand movements.
In conclusion, this dissertation shows that the link between intrinsic activity and task-evoked activity is not only limited to inter-regional functional connectivity but also extends to multivoxel patterns that carry behavior-related information. These findings show that spontaneous activity in the human cortex could be a fundamental aspect of the neural framework that supports cognitive processes, facilitating the preservation and reinforcement of information representations related to stimuli and behaviors
Scholarly Program Notes on the Graduate Vocal Recital of Zhang Lu
Get PDFThis document presents scholarly program notes on the Graduate Recital of Master of Music in Vocal Performance candidate Zhang Lu. This document introduces Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s “Laudamus te” from his Great Mass in C Minor; five songs on the poetry of Friedrich Rückert as set by Gustav Mahler; Mimì’s third act aria “Donde lieta uscí” from La Bohème by Giacomo Puccini; three French mélodies by Pauline Viardot; American art songs “The Lordly Hudson” by Ned Rorem and “Lady of the Harbor” by Lee Hoiby; and Il Bacio by Luigi Arditi. A summary of each of piece is presented along with a brief history of the composer and the historical context of their compositions
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A new species of the genus Mawsonascaris Sprent, 1990 (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from Glaucostegus granulatus (Cuvier) (Rajiformes: Rhinobatidae) in the Taiwan Strait, with remarks on the systematic status of Raphidascaroides myliobatum Yin & Zhang, 1983
No full textLi, Liang, Xu, Zhen, Zhang, Lu-Ping (2012): A new species of the genus Mawsonascaris Sprent, 1990 (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from Glaucostegus granulatus (Cuvier) (Rajiformes: Rhinobatidae) in the Taiwan Strait, with remarks on the systematic status of Raphidascaroides myliobatum Yin & Zhang, 1983. Journal of Natural History 46 (21-22): 1307-1319, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.655341, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.65534
FIGURE 3. Corinnomma severum. A in Two new species of Corinnomma Karsch, 1880 from Yunnan, China (Araneae Corinnidae, Castianeirinae)
No full textFIGURE 3. Corinnomma severum. A. Male habitus, dorsal view; B. Same, ventral view; C. Female habitus, dorsal view; D. Same, ventral view.Published as part of Zhang, Lu, Jin, Chi & Zhang, Feng, 2022, Two new species of Corinnomma Karsch, 1880 from Yunnan, China (Araneae Corinnidae, Castianeirinae), pp. 240-256 in Zootaxa 5222 (3) on page 245, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5222.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/746142
Corinnomma Karsch 1880
No full textCorinnomma Karsch, 1880 Type species: Corinnomma severum (Thorell, 1877), by subsequent designation.Published as part of Zhang, Lu, Jin, Chi & Zhang, Feng, 2022, Two new species of Corinnomma Karsch, 1880 from Yunnan, China (Araneae Corinnidae, Castianeirinae), pp. 240-256 in Zootaxa 5222 (3) on page 244, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5222.3.2, http://zenodo.org/record/746142
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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