1,724,484 research outputs found
Competitiveness and Growth in Brazilian Cities : Local Policies and Actions for Innovation
No full textGiven the Brazilian federal
government's high priority on economic growth,
competitiveness is at the top of the economic agenda. While
economic policies at the national level are important to
this agenda, more than 75 percent of people live in urban
areas, which produce more than 90 percent of the gross
domestic product (GDP). 'What can cities do to improve
economic performance and create jobs?' Mayors,
governors, and federal government officials have frequently
asked this question. For cities, economic competition has
become more intense with globalization. Many municipal
officials have been striving to enhance municipal
infrastructure and services, while others have also been
working on reducing the cost of doing businesses to make
their areas more attractive for private investment. On the
other hand, promoting local economic growth without
considering local context and market conditions does not
always achieve expectations. The policies discussed in this
report are essentially about promoting local economic
development. However, the author believe that the term
competitiveness, as a dynamic concept, is helpful for local
policy makers as it implies two essential aspects of
promoting local economic development in today's
environment: (a) cities not only need to provide a good
business environment, they need to strive to provide a
better one than others, at least in certain aspects (or
niches); and (b) cities need to continually upgrade and
innovate to achieve sustained growth
Sequence and Structure Specific Cleavage of Cryptic Recombination Signal Sequences by the V(D)J Recombinase
No full textIntroduction Immune repertoire diversity is largely achieved by a process termed V(D)J recombination, during which functional antigen receptor genes are assembled from discrete gene segments through site-specific DNA rearrangements. The V(D)J recombinase includes two lymphocyte specific proteins: recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) and recombination activating gene 2 (RAG2). They form a protein complex (RAG1/2) that recognizes recombination signal sequences (RSSs) flanking each receptor gene segment and introduces a DNA double-strand break (DSB) at the border between a RSS and a coding gene segment. The RSS contains highly conserved heptamer and nonamer motifs separated by either 12- or 23-base pairs of poorly conserved sequence (12RSS and 23RSS, respectively). Efficient recombination occurs only between a 12RSS and a 23RSS, which is called the 12/23 rule. Illegitimate V(D)J recombination, however, can occur outside of antigen receptor loci to form chromosomal abnormalities, such as translocations and deletions. Some of these breakpoints containing an RSS-like motif are proposed to be mis-targeted by the RAG1/2 proteins to form DSBs. Other breakpoints are believed to undergo RAGmediated structure-specific cleavage.|Specific aims The purpose of my thesis study is to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying RAG1/2-mediated cleavage of breakpoints that cause chromosomal abnormalities in lymphoid malignancies. This study consists of two aims: (1) defining molecular mechanisms for RAG1/2-mediated sequence-specific cleavage of cryptic RSSs (cRSSs); (2) defining molecular mechanisms for RAG1/2-mediated structure-specific illegitimate cleavage of cryptic RSSs.|Background information, results and conclusions for each sub-study are summarized below: (omitted here)xv, 125 pagesxix, 190 page
Catalog of the Paramacronychiinae of China (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
No full textZhang, Dong, Zhang, Ming, Wang, Chao, Pape, Thomas (2016): Catalog of the Paramacronychiinae of China (Diptera: Sarcophagidae). Zootaxa 4208 (4): 301-324, DOI: http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Oophagomyia
No full textGenus OOPHAGOMYIA Oophagomyia Rohdendorf, 1928: 16. Type species: Oophagomyia plotnikovi Rohdendorf, 1928: 16, by monotypy.Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Zhang, Ming, Wang, Chao & Pape, Thomas, 2016, Catalog of the Paramacronychiinae of China (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 301-324 in Zootaxa 4208 (4) on page 308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/20832
Wohlfahrtiodes
No full textGenus WOHLFAHRTIODES Wohlfahrtiodes Villeneuve, 1910: 152. Type species: Wohlfahrtiodes nudus Villeneuve, 1910, by monotypy.Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Zhang, Ming, Wang, Chao & Pape, Thomas, 2016, Catalog of the Paramacronychiinae of China (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 301-324 in Zootaxa 4208 (4) on page 319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/20832
Paramacronychia
No full textGenus PARAMACRONYCHIA Paramacronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889: 116. Type species: Macronychia flavipalpis Girschner, 1881, by original designation.Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Zhang, Ming, Wang, Chao & Pape, Thomas, 2016, Catalog of the Paramacronychiinae of China (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 301-324 in Zootaxa 4208 (4) on page 308, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/20832
Agria
No full textGenus AGRIA Agria Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 376. Type species: Agria punctata Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [= Musca affinis Fallén, 1817], by designation of Townsend (1916: 6).Published as part of Zhang, Dong, Zhang, Ming, Wang, Chao & Pape, Thomas, 2016, Catalog of the Paramacronychiinae of China (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), pp. 301-324 in Zootaxa 4208 (4) on page 303, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4208.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/20832
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