1,721,004 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Solvent engineering and other reaction design methods for favouring enzyme-catalysed synthesis
Get PDFAfhandlingen undersøger forskellige metoder til at øge reaktionsudbyttet i enzymkatalyserede syntesereaktioner. Først undersøges brugen af ukonventionelle reaktionsmedier som ioniske væsker og organiske solventer, både som hovedsolvent og co-solvent. Til sidst undersøges brugen af mere klassiske metoder i reaktionsdesign såsom enzymimmobilisering og brug af en membranreaktor. To forskellige enzymtyper anvendes, nemlig ferulinsyreesteraser og sialidaser.Med sinapoylering af glycerol som eksempel blev det vist, at både anionen i den ioniske væske og ferulinsyreesterasernes struktur havde betydning for ferulinsyreesteraseaktivitet og -stabilitet i ionisk væske-systemer med 15 % (v/v) vand (buffer). Den kvantekemibaserede software COSMO-RS kunne forklare den observerede anioneffekt som et resultat af anionens tendens til at danne hydrogenbindinger med enzymstrukturen. Anvendeligheden af COSMO-RS og andre termodynamiske modeller i forbindelse med valg af solventer til ferulinsyreesterasekatalyserede reaktioner blev undersøgt. Ferulinsyreesterase type A fra Aspergillus niger og ferulinsyreesterasene i den kommercielle enzympreparation fra Humicola insolens, Depol 740L, kunne ikke katalysere esterificeringen af arabinose eller xylose med hydroxycinnamater i systemer af ionisk væske og buffer eller i mikroemulsioner. Dog kunne begge ferulinsyreesteraser katalysere feruloylering og/eller sinapoylering af kationen C2OHMIm+; dette understreger at ferulinsyreesteraserne har en bred acceptorspecificitet og således har potentiale for at kunne gøre nytte i andre, mere brugbare reaktioner med solventet.En modificeret sialidase fra Trypanosoma rangeli, Tr6, kan katalysere trans-sialylering, fx produktion af 3’-sialyllaktose fra laktose og kaseinglykomakropeptid (CGMP), men reaktionsudbyttet trækkes ned af substrat- og produkthydrolyse. Ved at tilsætte 20-25 % (v/v) t-butanol blev trans-sialyleringsudbyttet øget 1,4 gange, og forholdet mellem syntese og hydrolyse blev øget 1,2 gange. Forholdet mellem syntese og hydrolyse blev også øget ved at tilsætte ioniske væsker som co-solventer, men på bekostning af enzymaktiviteten. Tilbage i vandigt miljø kunne immobilisering af Tr6 på magnetiske nanopartikler øge forholdet mellem syntese og hydrolyse 2,1 gange og desuden give en 2,5 gange forøget biokatalytisk produktivitet (mg produkt pr. mg enzym). Desværre tabte de magnetiske nanopartikler en stor del af enzymaktiviteten i brug og kunne kun genbruges få gange. I stedet kunne frit Tr6 bruges i en membranreaktor med et 1,3 gange højere udbytte på sialyldonoren (CGMP) til følge; dette understreger, at kontinuert fjernelse af produktet vha. en membranreaktor er en brugbar metode til at undgå produkthydrolyse. Stabiliteten af Tr6 var høj i membranreaktoren, og 7 ganges genbrug resulterede i mere end 9 ganges forøgelse af den biokatalytiske produktivitet.Det kan konkluderes, at omhyggelig udvælgelse af både enzymstrukturer og solventsystemer nødvendig i reaktioner hvor ukonventionelle solventer kræves for at opnå et tilfredsstillende vi reaktionsudbytte, fx i den termodynamisk kontrollerede esterificering katalyseret af ferulinsyreesteraser. Med den modificerede sialidase Tr6 var resultaterne derimod mest lovende, når katalysen fandt sted i vandigt reaktionsmedium hjulpet på vej af kontinuert fjernelse af produktet eller enzymimmobilisering.This thesis investigates different methods for improving reaction yields of enzyme-catalysed synthesis reactions. These methods include the use of non-conventional media such as ionic liquids (ILs) and organic solvents as main solvents or as co-solvents as well as the use of more classical reaction design methods, i.e. enzyme immobilization and the use of an enzymatic membrane reactor. Two different enzyme classes, namely feruloyl esterases (FAEs) and sialidases are employed.Using sinapoylation of glycerol as a model reaction it was shown that both the IL anion nature and the FAE structure were important for FAE activity and stability in IL-buffer (15% v/v) systems. The quantum chemistry-based COSMO-RS method was applied for explaining the IL anion effect in terms of hydrogen bonding capacity. Furthermore, the usefulness of COSMO-RS and other thermodynamically based tools in solvent selection for FAE-catalysed acylation reactions was reviewed. FAE type A from Aspergillus niger and an FAE from a commercial preparation from Humicola insolens, Depol 740L, could not catalyse the esterification of arabinose or xylose with hydroxycinnamates in IL-buffer systems or in surfactantless microemulsion. However, both FAEs catalysed the feruloylation and/or sinapoylation of solvent cation C2OHMIm+, thus underlining the broad acceptor specificity of FAEs and their potential for future solvent reactions.An engineered sialidase from Trypanosoma rangeli, Tr6, catalyses trans-sialylation but the yield is hampered by substrate and product hydrolysis. The formation of 3’-sialyllactose from lactose and casein glycomacropeptide was used as a model reaction. Addition of 20-25% (v/v) t-butanol improved the trans-sialylation yield 1.4-fold and the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio 1.2-fold. Using ILs as co-solvents, the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio was also improved, but the trans-sialylation yield decreased, probably due to destabilization of Tr6 caused by the ILs. Returning to the conventional aqueous medium, immobilization of Tr6 on magnetic nanoparticles improved the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio 2.1-fold and increased the biocatalytic productivity of 2.5-fold. However, the recyclability of the immobilized enzyme was low. Reusing Tr6 seven times in a membrane reactor increased the trans-sialylation yield on the limiting substrate 1.3-fold, emphasizing the importance of the continuous product removal. Furthermore, the biocatalytic productivity was increased more than 9-fold as a result of the enzyme recovery.In conclusion, where the use of non-conventional media is required for catalysis, e.g. in the thermodynamically controlled FAE-catalysed esterification, careful selection of both solvent system and the FAE itself is required to obtain adequate reaction yields. In contrast, for Tr6 the most promising results were obtained when keeping the reaction in aqueous medium and employing other reaction design methods such as continuous product removal and enzyme immobilization
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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