177,115 research outputs found
δ-lactones from grignard reactions : Their isolation and structure characterization
No full textGrignard reactions of 4-RC6H4COCHMe(CH2)2CO2Me (I; R = H, Me, F, Cl, Br) with MeCl in anhyd. THF at 60° for 40 min gave 65-81% yield of 0.64-0.70:1 mixts. of δ-lactones II (α-, β-Me; R as before). At 0° the reaction of I (R = F, Cl, Br) gave 38-48% of 0.45-0.51:1 mixts. of II (α-, β-Me; R = F, Cl, Br). The lactones were characterized by 13C and 1H NMR
Assessment of genetic diversity of common bean (Phaseolus vulgare L.) landraces using microsatellites markers.
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Minnesota Agricultural Economist 682
No full textNew Walleye Size Rules: How Will Minneapolis Anglers Respond?Women Who Farm: Wider Attention to a Growing Subgroup by Kimberly A. Zeuli and Richard A. Levins/New Walley Size Rules: How Will Minnesota Anglers Respond? by Jane Ruliffson and Frances Homan
Analysis of the contribution of Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools to European common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm and strategies to establish a core collection.
No full textCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
was introduced in Europe from both Mesoamerican
and Andean centres of origin. In this study, a
collection including 544 accessions from all European
regions showed that the Andean phaseolin
types ‘T’ (45.6%) and ‘C’ (30.7%) prevailed over
the Mesoamerican ones ‘S’ (23.7%), and accessions
with cuboid seed shape (34.9%), maroon coat darker
colour seed (44.3%), uniform seed colour (69.6%)
were the most frequent. European accessions with
phaseolin ‘S’ showed a significantly larger average seed size compared to those from America in the
same phaseolin class while those presenting ‘T’ and
‘C’ phaseolin did not. This suggests that, during
crop expansion in Europe, sampling or selection
favoured the large-seeded races within the Mesoamerican
‘S’ gene pool or, possibly, introgression
from Andean germplasm did occur. A core collection
was developed using sampling approaches
based on the information available in the genebank
databases and on phaseolin patterns. Four sampling
strategies were used: simple random sampling, and
three random-stratified samplings, by logarithm of
frequency of accessions by country, by European
region, and by phaseolin pattern, respectively. Two
sampling strategies resulted in core collections
significantly different for phaseolin electrophoretic
patterns from the whole collection. Stratification by
phaseolin patterns increased the frequency of ‘S’
types (‘C’ type = 33%, ‘T’ type = 5.7% and ‘S’
type = 31.3%). The core collections were validated
using seven seed characters, and no significant
difference was observed in all strategies. This first
developed European bean core collection will help
to assess the contribution of the two American gene
pools to the European germplasm and their relative
importance for breeding purposes
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Measuring the Local Economic Impact of Cooperatives
No full textThe ability to measure the economic importance of cooperatives to communities is not purely an academic question. Policy makers, cooperative organizations, and community development practitioners are increasingly asking for such information. The most commonly used methodology is input-output analysis. The limitations of input-output analysis when applied to cooperatives have not yet been comprehensively explained in the literature, although they significantly affect the application of the model as well as the interpretation of results. We discuss five issues that need to be addressed when using input-output models and suggest additional analysis that should be completed to gain an accurate assessment of the local economic impact of cooperatives.cooperatives, economic impact, community development, input-output models, Agribusiness,
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
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