262,309 research outputs found
“Gomorra”: una bella lezione di antropologia
No full textThis article explores Roberto Saviano’s international best-seller Gomorrah as an “ethnographic novel”, an expression that actually turns upside down and complements
the characterization the author himself suggested for his book as a “literary investigation”. The main purpose is not so much to analyse Saviano’s distinctive non-fictional (or blurred) genre and rhetorical style, but rather to take advantage of his book as a way to consider how cultural anthropology identifies and constructs its own research objects. Notably, focusing on the passages in which the author considers or discusses significant issues such as language, time, space and knowledge, I argue that Gomorrah represents a chance to reflect upon how the conventional aims and methods of cultural anthropology are currently challenged and reorganised under present-day neo-liberal corporate capitalism. Finally, while most commentators
see Gomorrah as a book about the illegal trafficking of the Neapolitan Mafialike criminal organization known as “Camorra”, this article provocatively suggests understanding it as an inspired and morally disturbing account of ourselves. An ethnographically sensitive account exploring both legal and illegal practices of production, consumption, and circulation of goods and commodities in which we all are deeply implicated
Molecular basis of gene-environment interactions in the pathogenesis of asthma and COPD
No full textThe origins of respiratory disease, such as asthma in childhood and COPD in later life are unclear. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and low birth weight is associated with increased risk of asthma, poor lung function in adults and COPD in old age. Exposure to oxidative stress and poor nutrition in utero is thought to cause damage to the lung and alter the normal course of lung development.Glutathione S-transferases (GST) are potent antioxidants. In this work, genetic polymorphisms that alter GST enzyme activity were genotyped in a family-based childhood asthma cohort (341 families, n = 1508) and analysed to investigate whether they alter the risk of developing asthma when individuals are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Real-time PCR based copy number variation methodology was developed to genotype the common gene deletion polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, for other GST genes (GSTP1 and GSTO2) SNP haplotypes were constructed. A rare GSTO2 haplotype was negatively associated with asthma susceptibility, atopy severity, and FEV1 values. Asthmatic children with a GSTT1 gene deletion, or a common GSTP1 haplotype, developed more severe asthma compared to individuals with a GSTT1 gene or non-carriers of the GSTP1 haplotype. Total IgE levels were increased in GSTT1*0 individuals when exposed to tobacco smoke in early life, suggesting a gene-environment interaction. GSTO2 may be a shared susceptibility locus for asthma in childhood and COPD in later life.Animal models of maternal protein-restriction during pregnancy can induce hypertension, diabetes and endothelial dysfunction in offspring and in some of these models alterations to lung gene expression and lung architecture have been reported. This work established that a rat model of maternal dietary protein-restriction during pregnancy known to induce hypertension in the offspring, results in persistent alterations to the expression of genes in the lungs of adult offspring (120 days), including genes involved in glucocorticoid action (Hsd11b2), growth (Igf1 & 2 and Pcdh1) and alveolar development (Tp53). Lung microRNA expression profiles were also altered in response to exposure to protein restriction in utero. These findings suggest a role for nutritional programming in respiratory disease susceptibility in later life and a role for microRNAs in the study of the developmental origins of health and disease in general. Further work will include the investigation of epigenetic mechanisms that control nutritional programming in lungs of animals exposed to protein-restriction in utero.This work has demonstrated that GST polymorphism is a risk factor for childhood asthma and certain genotypes can offer some protection against the development of severe asthma. There was little evidence to suggest that GST polymorphism modulates the effects of smoke exposure in early life. In addition, we have demonstrated that maternal diets that are poor in nutrition could predispose her offspring to respiratory disease in later life by altering the course of normal lung development in early life or response to environmental stimuli in later life
« Du déménagement comme coupure épistémologique ». Durkheim and ethnographical sources
No full textIn questo articolo si sostiene che l’interesse di Durkheim per i materiali etnografici va considerevolmente retrodatato. Seguendo una celebre interpretazione proposta da Lévi-Strauss, convenzionalmente si ritiene che Durkheim si sia “convertito” all’etnografia con la stesura delle Forme elementari della vita religiosa (1912). A partire da una circostanziata contestualizzazione di alcuni scritti minori, l’articolo mostra invece come l’etnografia fosse per Durkheim una fonte cruciale per il rinnovamento della sociologia sin dal 1888. Le riserve di Durkheim nei confronti delle fonti etnografiche, espresse intorno al 1895, vanno quindi comprese nel quadro della polemica con alcuni rappresentanti della tradizione antropologica e la loro concezione naturalistica (biologica e psicologica) dell’etnografia
Preparazione dell'arteria ascellare Preparazione dell'artera brachiale Preparazione dell'arteria ulnare Preparazione dell'arteria radiale
No full textPreparazione arteria ascellare al terza porzione Con il paziente in posizione supina e spalla sollevata con un cuscino e braccio abdotto oltre novanta gradi. Incisione di otto dieci centimetri dopo aver inciso la cute e il sottocutaneo si incide la fascia clavicoracoascellare, si sposta il nervo meviano e si scopre l’arteria ascellare a questo livello. Preparazione arteria brachiale al terzo medio Paziente in decubito supino con arto superiore abdotto. Incisione di otto dieci centimetri. Divaricate le fibre del bicipite si visualizza l’arteria brachiale al terzo medio. Preparazione dell’arteria brachiale al terzo inferiore Paziente in posizione supina con arto superiore abdotto ad angolo retto. Incisione di sei centimetri si reperta la vena basilica e sezionato il lacerto fibroso l’arteria viene isolata. Preparazione dell’arteria ulnare al terzo superiore Paziente in posizione supina con braccio abdotto e ruotato all’esterno incisione di otto dieci centimetri lungo la linea di proiezione dell’arteria ulnare, divaricate le fibre del muscolo flessore superficiale delle dita incidendo la fascia antibrachiale profonda si isola l’arteria posta medialmente al nervo ulnare. Preparazione dell’arteria ulnare al terzo inferiore Paziente in decubito supino. Incisione lungo la proiezione dell’arteria ulnare si dissocia il grasso sottocutaneo si incide la fascia antibrachiale profonda al disotto si reperta l’arteria ulnare. Preparazione dell’arteria radiale al terzo medio dell’avembraccio Il paziente in decubito supino con arto abdotto di 90°. L’arteria si reperta divaricando i fasci muscolari del muscolo brachioradiale. Sul fondo dell’interstizio si reperta l’arteria radiale. Preparazione dell’arteria radiale nella parte inferiore Paziente in posizione supina con braccio abdotto di 90° avambraccio esteso e supinato. L’incisione di quattro centimetri si trova un centimetro lateralmente al tendine del grande palmare, si incidono cute e sottocute al disotto si trova l’arteria
Introduction
No full textThis special Forum brings together short commentaries from anthropologists working in a variety of university settings and roles, to reflect on our immediate recent experiences with the imposition of public sector educational reforms. The contributions explore ongoing institutional transformations in Australia and New Zealand, Romania, Denmark, Greece, Finland, Mexico, US, Holland, Spain, Canada and the UK. We aim to establish a platform to host ongoing discussions about the changing nature of higher education and its implications for the future of anthropology. We are confident that these exchanges in Anuac will enable colleagues coping with the impacts of austerity to move together toward a coalition in favour of the university as we think it should be. Contributions of Cris Shore & Susan Wright, Vintilă Mihăilescu, Sarah F. Green, Gabriela Vargas-Cetina & Steffan Igor Ayora-Diaz, Tracey Heatherington, Dimitris Dalakoglou, Noelle Molé Liston, Susana Narotzky, Jaro Stacul, Meredith Welch-Devine, Jon P. Mitchell.Questo Forum raccoglie brevi interventi di antropologi che con ruoli diversi lavorano in differenti contesti universitari, allo scopo di riflettere su recenti esperienze di riforme neoliberiste del sistema pubblico dell'istruzione superiore. I contributi esplorano processi di neoliberalizzazione dell'università e cambiamenti istituzionali in corso in Australia e Nuova Zelanda, Romania, Danimarca, Grecia, Finlandia, Messico, Stati Uniti, Olanda, Spagna, Canada e Regno Unito. L'obiettivo è quello di costruire una piattaforma che possa ospitare riflessioni critiche sulle trasformazioni attuali dell'accademia e delle relative implicazioni per il futuro dell'antropologia. Auspichiamo che il Forum serva anche a indurre i colleghi alle prese con le conseguenze del vigente regime di austerità a formare una coalizione in favore di una idea di università diversa da quella oggi dominante. Contributi di Cris Shore & Susan Wright, Vintilă Mihăilescu, Sarah F. Green, Gabriela Vargas-Cetina & Steffan Igor Ayora-Diaz, Tracey Heatherington, Dimitris Dalakoglou, Noelle Molé Liston, Susana Narotzky, Jaro Stacul, Meredith Welch-Devine, Jon P. Mitchell
'Gomorra' romanzo etnografico
No full textThis article explores Roberto Saviano’s international best-seller Gomorrah as an
“ethnographic novel”, an expression that actually turns upside down and complements the characterization the author himself suggested for his book as a “literary investigation”. The main purpose is not so much to analyse Saviano’s distinctivenon-fictional (or blurred) genre and rhetorical style, but rather to take advantage of his book as a way to consider how cultural anthropology identifies and constructs
its own research objects. Notably, focusing on the passages in which the author considers or discusses significant issues such as language, time, space and knowledge, I argue that Gomorrah represents a chance to reflect upon how the conventional aims and methods of cultural anthropology are currently challenged and reorganised
under present-day neo-liberal corporate capitalism. Finally, while most commentators see Gomorrah as a book about the illegal trafficking of the Neapolitan Mafia-like criminal organization known as “Camorra”, this article provocatively suggests
understanding it as an inspired and morally disturbing account of ourselves. An ethnographically sensitive account exploring both legal and illegal practices of production,
consumption, and circulation of goods and commodities in which we all
are deeply implicated
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A simple physically-based Zerilli-Armstrong constitutive equation for modeling and prediction of hot deformation flow curves
No full textGenerally, the dislocation-mechanics-based constitutive relations are applicable at high strain rates and relatively low temperatures. However, for expressing flow stress at elevated temperatures, it is required to account for the diffusion processes, namely softening effects of dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX). In the current work, the Zerilli–Armstrong constitutive equation for face-centered cubic materials was appropriately modified by incorporation of peak strain and consideration of both hardening and softening phenomena. The developed constitutive relation was successfully applied to model the hot flow stress of a typical carbon steel and it was revealed that there is no need to alter the physically-based nature of the Zerilli–Armstrong constitutive equation by extensive modificationsPeer Reviewe
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