305,360 research outputs found
A pointed collection of zera-zera sorghums in the Gambella area of Ethiopia
No full text'Zera-Zera' Sorghum belonging to the race'caudatum' and intermediate race 'caudatum-guinea' are used extensively in several Sorghum improvement Program These are highly prized for their yield, grain quality and resistances to diseases and drought. 2. A Pointed colletion was organised in the Gambella region of Ethiopia where Zera-Zera sorghum are extensively grown on the river 'Baro' after the receding of floods. 'Agnwak' tribe farmers are exclusively associated with the cultivation of Zera-Zeras in this area. 3. The geographic distribution of 'Zera-Zera' sorghum in the Ethio-Sudanese border suggests their predominance in this region. The ethnic relationship of the sorghum growing tribe 'Agnwak' their relatively close resemblance of movement supports this. 4.Sorghum belonging to the group Zera-Zera, are locally named as 'Ganga','Juwalum' and 'Utedit'. Plants are agronomically superior, with attractive heads and good grain quality. Plants are tan and practically free from diseases inspite of the high temperatures and humidity prevailing during seed setting. This suggests their possible utilization as source material in the breeding projects for yield, grain quality and resistances for grain moulds and leaf diseases. 5. Most of the samples collected are from crops grown after the receding of floods with the residual moisture under high atmosphere temeratures. It is reasonable to assume that some of the lines may be heat tolerant. 6. Since the season and cultivation of Zera-zeras somewhat correspond to the rabi (post rainy season) situation in India, some of the lines could directly enter into the 'rabi program' breeding project. 7. In general the present collection forms a good addition to the existing few Zera-Zera and provide a broad genetic base to work with in the breeding program. 8. As in the case with other Zera-zeras the only restriction for the easy flow into improvement programs may be their photoperiod sensitivity. To circumvent this, some of the Zera-zeras will soon be converted by inculding in the 'Introgression and Conversion Project'
Operational stability and thermostability of insoluble Zera-Xylanase.
No full text<p>(A) Measurement of Zera-Xyl activity at day 0, after 9 days and after 35 days at the temperatures indicated. (B) Thermostability of insoluble Zera-Xyl and insoluble Xyl-Zera-KDEL expressed in tobacco leaves and purified soluble rXylanase expressed in <i>E. coli</i>. Relative residual activity after incubation for 20 min at the temperatures indicated before the activity assay. Activities at RT were designated as 100% activity. Error bars represent the relative standard deviations of three independent replicates.</p
Activity of Zera-Xyl solubilized from PBs.
No full text<p>(A) Gel electrophoresis analysis of Zera-Xyl fusion protein present in PBs isolated from transformed tobacco leaves (lane 1). Zera-Xyl solubilized from PBs in 0.02% SDS, 5 mM TCEP for 2 h at room temperature (lane 2). Fusion protein that remained insoluble after treatment (lane 3) Arrows indicate monomers and oligomers of Zera-Xyl. (B) rXylanase expressed in <i>E. coli</i> BL21 strain. Analysis of total proteins of cell extracts analyzed by gel electrophoresis after the induction of expression with 1 mM IPTG for 5 h at 37°C (lane 1, arrowhead). Recombinant xylanase purified by Ni+ affinity column (lane 2). (C) Increasing amounts of solubilized Zera-Xyl were assayed for enzymatic activity and the product measured at 2 min intervals. For each Zera-Xyl concentration, the increase in product between 2 and 4 min was used to calculate the rate of product/min. (D) Determination of Michaelis-Menten constant (K<sub>m</sub>) of Zera-Xyl solubilized from PBs. Graphical representation of velocity (pmol/min) as a function of the substrate concentration [S] (mM DiFMUX2).</p
Image_2_Characterization and Immunogenicity of HIV Envelope gp140 Zera® Tagged Antigens.tiff
No full textHIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) remains the most relevant target for the elicitation of functional antibodies to HIV by vaccination. However, soluble Env antigens often do not elicit the desired immune responses. Delivering subunit antigens on particulate nanoparticles is an established approach to improve their immunogenicity. In this study the sequence encoding Zera®, a proline-rich domain derived from the γ-zein storage protein, was fused to either the C- or N-terminus of the superinfecting HIV-1 CAP256 gp140 envelope: Zera® generally induces the formation of protein bodies (PBs), which can significantly improve both the immunogenicity and yields of the partner protein. The expression of gp140-Zera® and Zera®-gp140 (N- and C-terminal fusions respectively) in mammalian cells was confirmed by western blot analysis and immunostaining. However, isopycnic ultracentrifugation showed that neither gp140-Zera® nor Zera®-gp140 accumulated in characteristic electron-dense PBs. gp140-Zera® elicited higher binding antibody titers in rabbits to autologous gp140 and V1V2 scaffold than Zera®-gp140. Rabbit anti-gp140-Zera® sera also had significantly higher Tier 1A neutralizing antibody titers than anti-Zera®-gp140 sera. Neither gp140-Zera® nor Zera®-gp140-specific sera neutralized Tier 1B or autologous Tier 2 viruses. These results showed that HIV-1 gp140 tagged with Zera® at either the N- or C-termini elicited high titers of gp140 and V1V2 binding antibodies, and low levels of Tier 1 neutralizing antibodies in rabbits.</p
Image_1_Characterization and Immunogenicity of HIV Envelope gp140 Zera® Tagged Antigens.tiff
No full textHIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) remains the most relevant target for the elicitation of functional antibodies to HIV by vaccination. However, soluble Env antigens often do not elicit the desired immune responses. Delivering subunit antigens on particulate nanoparticles is an established approach to improve their immunogenicity. In this study the sequence encoding Zera®, a proline-rich domain derived from the γ-zein storage protein, was fused to either the C- or N-terminus of the superinfecting HIV-1 CAP256 gp140 envelope: Zera® generally induces the formation of protein bodies (PBs), which can significantly improve both the immunogenicity and yields of the partner protein. The expression of gp140-Zera® and Zera®-gp140 (N- and C-terminal fusions respectively) in mammalian cells was confirmed by western blot analysis and immunostaining. However, isopycnic ultracentrifugation showed that neither gp140-Zera® nor Zera®-gp140 accumulated in characteristic electron-dense PBs. gp140-Zera® elicited higher binding antibody titers in rabbits to autologous gp140 and V1V2 scaffold than Zera®-gp140. Rabbit anti-gp140-Zera® sera also had significantly higher Tier 1A neutralizing antibody titers than anti-Zera®-gp140 sera. Neither gp140-Zera® nor Zera®-gp140-specific sera neutralized Tier 1B or autologous Tier 2 viruses. These results showed that HIV-1 gp140 tagged with Zera® at either the N- or C-termini elicited high titers of gp140 and V1V2 binding antibodies, and low levels of Tier 1 neutralizing antibodies in rabbits.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The Light and Twilight of Zera Yaekob’s Philosophy for the Eminence of European Enlightenment
No full textZera Yaekob’s rationalistic philosophy seems to be, like the ocean, has diverse echelons. The usual daily activities have been documented by philosophical philosophers, starting from his mouthpiece Wolde Hewot till now a Canadian philosopher Claud Sumner. Now a day several Neo-Zera Yaekobian’s will be emerging on the philosophical scene of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, gender and the like. The streams—the sincere pillar of the ocean that mixes water across the world and it embody the most philosophical echelons of enlightenment. This is why Zera Yaekob’s philosophy is considered as a premium spring/notebook of western enlightenment philosophy. Accordingly, the aim of this paper is to scrutinize the role of Zera Yaekob’s philosophy of the current existing European enlightenment period/age of reason which was assumed a philosophy of Immanuel Kant. However, the Enlightenment culminated their climax with Zera Yacob of Abyssinia in Africa than Immanuel Kant in Europe. Moreover, the paper also takes into account how his philosophical scene governs contemporary African philosophy. Keywords: Zera Yaekob, Ethiopian philosophy, Western Philosophy, Enlightenment, Philosophy. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/64-01 Publication date: January 31st 202
Transient expression of Zera-Xyl in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> leaves.
No full text<p>(A) Schematic representation of plant expression vector encoding for Zera xylanase fusion under the control of the enhanced cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, a translational enhancer of tobacco etch virus (TEV) and the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S terminator (pCZera-Xyl). The Zera sequence includes the signal peptide and the first 112 amino acid coding region of γ-zein. (B) Coomassie-stained SDS-PAGE analysis of protein extracted from <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves co-infiltrated with Zera-Xyl and the silencing suppressor HcPro. Leaf tissue was collected at 3 (lane 1), 5 (lane 2), 7 (lane 3) and 10 (lane 4) days post infiltration (dpi). Leaves agroinfiltrated only with HcPro (lane 5) were used as control. Gels were loaded with 20 µg of total protein and stained with Coomassie blue. Arrows indicate the molecular weight window of the multiple bands of Zera-xylanase. (C–D) Immunoblots blots were incubated with xylanase antibody (C) and with an antibody against Zera (R8 antibody) (D). In immunoblots, gels were loaded with 2.5 µg of total protein. (E) Levels of Zera-Xyl protein accumulation (%) relative to the total protein determined by densitometric analysis of Coomassie-blue-stained SDS-PAGE gels. Data were quantified with Multi Gauge v.3.0. The relative accumulation of Zera-Xyl was calculated on the basis of the total protein loaded in each lane corresponding to 3, 5, 7 and 10 dpi. The results represent the average of at least three independent protein extracts.</p
Sistema automatico di taratura ZERA MTS310 e relativo software di controllo WinSAM: allestimenti circuitali e impostazione sequenze di misura
No full textNel 2019 il Laboratorio potenza ed energia dell’INRIM ha acquistato dalla ZERA un nuovo sistema di generazione per la taratura dei wattmetri, con l’obiettivo di automatizzare il processo di taratura fino a quel momento svolto rincipalmente con il campione primario. Il sistema è composto dal generatore trifase di potenza fittizia ZERA MTS310[1], in grado di generare fino a 320V e 120A, abbinato al comparatore ZERA COM5003[2] che fornisce all’MTS310 un feedback sui valori generati e viene usato come strumento di riferimento. Il presente rapporto si propone di essere utilizzabile come manuale di istruzioni per l’esecuzione di tarature con il nuovo sistema. La prima parte descrive la strumentazione e spiega come connettere il wattmetro da tarare al sistema. La seconda parte descrive la taratura manuale, cioè quella in cui ogni parte del processo deve essere gestita in tempo reale dall’operatore. Infine, la terza parte si concentra sulla taratura automatica, cioè quella in cui le varie parti del processo vengono programmate dall’operatore e poi eseguite dal sistema quando la misura viene avviata, senza ulteriore intervento dell’operatore
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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