150 research outputs found
Revision and Repetition : Uncovering the Feminine Aesthetic in the Work of Gerlind Reinshagen and Friederike Roth
No full textii, 414 p.The author presents original translations of two 20th Century German plays, "Die Clownin: ein Spiel" ("The Clown") by Gerlind Reinshagen and "Das Ganze ein Stuck" ("The Whole a Piece") by Friederike Roth. She includes biographical information, analysis of "Das Ganze ein Stuck," and notes on the translation process and the production of "The Clown.
Developmental conditions promote individual differentiation of endocrine axes and behavior in a tropical pinniped
No full textDe Rango E, Schwarz J, Zenth F, et al. Developmental conditions promote individual differentiation of endocrine axes and behavior in a tropical pinniped. Oecologia. 2021;195(1):25-35.Between-individual variation in behavior can emerge through complex interactions between state-related mechanisms, which include internal physiological constraints or feedback derived from the external environment. State-related conditions can be especially influential during early life, when parental effort and exposure to social stress may canalize consistent differences in offspring hormonal profiles and foster specific behavioral strategies. Here, we unravel how relevant state variables, including sex, somatic condition, local population density, and maternal traits, contribute to within-cohort differences in stress, sex, and thyroid hormone axes in dependent Galapagos sea lions with the primary goal of understanding downstream effects on boldness, docility, habitat use, and activity. Pups within denser natal sites had higher levels of cortisol and thyroid T4, a prohormone and proxy for metabolic reserves, likely as an adaptive physiological response after exposure to increased numbers of conspecific interactions. Furthermore, considering maternal effects, mothers in better body condition produced pups with higher testosterone yet downregulated basal cortisol and thyroid T4. This hormonal profile was correlated with increased boldness toward novel objects and attenuated stress responsiveness during capture. Intriguingly, pups with increased thyroid T3, the biologically active form, maintained faster somatic growth and were observed to have increased activity and extensively explored surrounding habitats. Collectively, these findings provide comprehensive evidence for several links to hormone-mediated behavioral strategies, highlighted by variation in socio-environmental and maternally derived input during a foundational life stage
Resources for leading a many-author non-empirical paper
No full textThis project contains resources related to the paper "Ten simple rules for leading a many-author non-empirical paper" (https://osf.io/preprints/osf/q3azn). Specifically, we provide examples of emails sent to authors explaining changes based on co-author feedback, and tips for being a co-author on a many-author non-empirical paper
Towards a Pan-European property index : methodological opportunities
No full textThesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, Center for Real Estate, 2004 [first author]; and, (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, Center for Real Estate, 2004 [second author].This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87).This study examines the methodological opportunities of index construction for the Pan-European property index, whose release is planned by the company Investment Property Databank (IPD). To address the question of temporal aggregation in appraisal indices, three index construction methods, namely "Stale Appraisal", "Linear Interpolation", and "Repeated Measures Regression", are tested for their accuracy in dealing with infrequent appraisals. Our model is based on a simulation approach, calculating appraised indices from a simulated "true index" of randomly generated returns, and directly comparing the statistical characteristics of these index returns to the true return. As broader context, this paper also gives an overview of the current theories in respect to general valuation issues on a disaggregate, aggregate and international level. We also investigate the European real estate market regarding currently applied market size measuring, structure and country performance. In particular, we explore crucial valuation issues that are relevant for the planned Pan-European property index to obtain the respect of the international investment community.by Friederike Helfer and Markus Witta.S.M.in Real Estate Developmen
Ten Simple Rules for Being a Co-author on a Many-Author Non-Empirical Paper
No full textMany-author non-empirical papers include “how to” articles, recommendations or consensus statements, roadmaps for future research, catalogs of ideas, or calls to action. These papers benefit the research community and broader academic ecosystem by addressing unmet needs or introducing new perspectives and approaches. Large, diverse authorship teams that examine an issue from many different perspectives can create valuable resources that individual co-authors could not develop independently, or in smaller groups. Realizing the potential of many-author non-empirical papers, however, requires very different strategies than researchers would typically use to write papers with fewer authors. A core team of lead writers typically work together to lead the content generation and writing processes, while many co-authors collaboratively create content and provide feedback on outlines and drafts. Challenges for co-authors may include learning to write a different type of paper, adapting to high volume feedback, and understanding the very diverse perspectives shared by fellow co-authors. This paper outlines ten simple rules for being a co-author on a many-author non-empirical paper. Although the rules were developed for papers with at least 30 authors, some rules may be useful for many-author research papers, or for non-empirical papers with fewer authors. Co-authors may also want to consult our companion paper on ten simple rules for leading a many-author non-empirical paper, as understanding the challenges faced by lead writers will help co-authors to contribute more efficiently and effectively
A stable foraging polymorphism buffers Galapagos sea lions against environmental change
No full textSchwarz J, DeRango E, Zenth F, et al. A stable foraging polymorphism buffers Galapagos sea lions against environmental change. Current Biology. 2022;32(7):1623-1628.e3.Understanding the ability of animals to cope with a changing environment is critical in a world affected by anthropogenic disturbance.1 Individual foraging strategies may influence the coping ability of entire populations, as these strategies can be adapted to contrasting conditions, allowing populations with foraging polymorphisms to be more resilient toward environmental change.2,3 However, environmentally dependent fitness consequences of individual foraging strategies and their effects on population dynamics have not been conclusively documented.4,5 Here, we use biologging data from endangered Galapagos sea lion females (Zalophus wollebaeki) to show that benthically foraging individuals dig after sand-dwelling prey species while pelagic foragers hunt in more open waters. These specialized foraging behaviors result in distinct and temporally stable patterns of vibrissae abrasion. Using vibrissae length as a visual marker for the benthic versus pelagic foraging strategies, we furthermore uncovered an environment-dependent fitness trade-off between benthic and pelagic foragers, suggesting that the foraging polymorphism could help to buffer the population against the negative effects of climate change. However, demographic projections suggest that this buffering effect is unlikely to be sufficient to reverse the ongoing population decline of the past four decades.6 Our study shows how crucial a deeper understanding of behavioral polymorphisms can be for predicting how populations cope within a rapidly changing world. VIDEO ABSTRACT. Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
More than the sum of its parts: individual behavioural phenotypes of a wild pinniped
No full textZenth F, De Rango E, Krüger O, Piedrahita P, Paez-Rosas D, Schwarz J. More than the sum of its parts: individual behavioural phenotypes of a wild pinniped. Animal Behaviour. 2021;179:213-223.The proximate and ultimate mechanisms behind individual behavioural phenotypes are still only partially understood, with studies often focusing on a single or a few factor(s) that affect behaviour in a controlled environment. To understand the development and consequences of individual behavioural phenotypes in their complexity, a comprehensive approach is needed that analyses the effects of a broad spectrum of factors and their interactions on behaviour within the natural environment. We used focal observations to quantify four key behavioural components of Gala = pagos sea lion, Zalophus wollebaeki, pups under natural conditions: general social interactions, swimming, resting and social play behaviour. We then investigated the influence and interplay of age, sex, body condition, basal cortisol and testosterone levels, personality scores and the social environment on the observed behaviour. We identified significant correlations between all measured factors and behaviour. Complex interactions between testosterone, boldness and social play especially stand out, with the effect of boldness on social play being dependent on testosterone levels. We also demonstrate the importance of the early social environment, defined as local population density, for social play and, interestingly, time spent swimming. This could have consequences for the development of social and hunting skills, crucial for later stages of ontogeny. For this endangered pinniped, a decline in the diversity of social environments due to dwindling population numbers could lead to a decline in behavioural diversity and lower coping abilities towards future changes in their environment. Our study reveals important factors for the development of individual behavioural phenotypes of young Gala = pagos sea lions and elucidates some aspects of the architecture behind this individual variation in behaviour. (c) 2021 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Data from: Captures do not affect escape response to humans in Alpine marmot
No full text<p>Capture and manipulation are an integral part of wildlife research and management. These practices, however, can affect animals either directly or indirectly, and studies should generally evaluate the consequences of captures to ensure animal welfare and reduce sampling bias. Here, we investigated the indirect, behavioural effects of live-capture on escape response to humans in Alpine marmot <em>Marmota marmota </em>within the Stelvio National Park (central Italian Alps) over three seasons (2021- 2023). We used flight initiation distance (FID) as a measure of escape response and tested it in relation to capture status using linear mixed modelling. Captures did not have any detectable effect on escape response, and FID was best explained by covariates such as starting distance, distance to nearest burrow, current behaviour during the observation and year of observation. It might be that, in marmots, escape response to humans is a rather inert behaviour. As such, although we cannot rule out unmeasured effects, capture may not represent an excessively traumatic experience which could trigger immediate behavioural modification. In turn, capture is unlikely to compromise animal welfare or cause scientific bias in studies investigating escape response in this species, at least over the short term.</p><p>Funding provided by: University of Freiburg<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/0245cg223<br>Award Number: D637</p><p>Funding provided by: Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt<br>Crossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/05pmq5w14<br>Award Number: 20021/724</p>
Combined effects of fine-scale intensity and spatial extent of exposure to outdoor recreation shape wildlife responses and tolerance to human activity
No full textOutdoor recreational activities and nature-based tourism are rapidly expanding, both in intensity and space. Even non-consumptive activities can have adverse effects by altering animal behaviour and physiology, but wildlife can also develop behavioural tolerance to humans and adjust to human activities. However, few general patterns have emerged, likely due to incomplete knowledge of the factors that modulate wildlife responses. For example, it remains unclear how fine-scale intensity and spatial extent of exposure to outdoor recreational activities influence disturbance effects on wildlife. Here, we investigated how the combined effects of current onsite visitor numbers, the extent of areas used by humans, such as around picnic areas, within animal\u27s home ranges and the proximity of animals\u27 activity centres to main recreational infrastructure, such as main hiking trails, affect behavioural and physiological responses to outdoor activity. We used Alpine marmots Marmota marmota in Stelvio National Park (central Italian Alps) as a case study. Marmots occupying territories with low human area use and with activity centres located farther from the main hiking trail in the study area increased anti-predator behaviours and decreased foraging during higher visitor presence. In contrast, marmots from territories with higher area use and/or activity centres closer to the main trail were more tolerant. Stress levels assessed through faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs) mirrored this pattern, but high uncertainty around FCMs estimates suggests cautious interpretation. This case study demonstrates that wildlife responsiveness to outdoor activity can depend on multiple interacting factors, highlighting the importance of context-specific impact assessment and targeted mitigation strategies
Die Problematik der Kulturreferenzen im Bereich der Kinderliteratur am Beispiel zweier Bücher von Christine Nöstlinger in spanischer Übersetzung
No full textAm Beispiel der Übersetzung zweier Bücher ("Die feuerrote Friederike" und "Echt Susi") der österreichischen Kinder- und Jugendbuchautorin Christine Nöstlinger ins Spanische werden in dieser Arbeit die Problematik der Kulturreferenzen und der Umgang mit denselben analysiert. Es soll anhand einer Analyse der Kulturreferenzen in diesen beiden Werken untersucht werden, wie mit kulturspezifischen Elementen in Büchern, die in erster Linie für Kinder konzipiert wurden, umgegangen wird.The present Master’s thesis examines the problem of translating cultural references in children’s literature by stating the example of two books written by the Austrian author Christine Nöstlinger ("Die Feuerrote Friederike" and "Echt Susi")
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