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Elevated levels of interleukin-6 in young adults with type 1 diabetes without clinical evidence of microvascular and macrovascular complications
No full textElevated levels of interleukin-6 in young adults with type 1 diabetes without clinical evidence of microvascular and macrovascular complication
Increased plasma markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and their association with microvascular complications in type 1 diabetic patients without clinically manifest macroangiopathy.
No full textAims To evaluate whether plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction differed in Type 1 diabetic patients as compared with those in non-diabetic subjects, and to examine the association of these biomarkers with early stages of microvascular complications. Methods Plasma biomarkers of inflammation [fibrinogen, hs-C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)] and endothelial dysfunction [von Willebrand factor (v-WF), intercellular adhesion molecule-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity] were measured in 88 non-smoking young patients with Type 1 diabetes without clinical macrovascular disease and in 40 healthy controls. Results Plasma levels of hs-CRP, fibrinogen, v-WF, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and PAI-1 activity were markedly higher (P < 0.01 or less) in Type 1 diabetic patients than in healthy controls; these results were essentially unchanged when healthy controls were compared with patients without complications. After stratification by microvascular complication status, plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction were significantly increased in those with more advanced disease compared with those with early complications or without complications, respectively. However, while the significant differences in these biomarkers were little affected by adjustment for sex, age, BMI and blood pressure values, they were totally abolished after additional adjustment for diabetes duration and glycaemic control. Conclusions These results indicate that in Type 1 diabetes there is a subclinical, chronic inflammation which is, at least partly, independent of clinically manifest macro- and microvascular complications, smoking or other traditional cardiovascular risk factors; this subclinical inflammation is closely correlated to the magnitude and duration of hyperglycaemia
Relationship of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis to cortisol secretion in diet-controlled type 2 diabetic patients.
No full textAimsTo examine the association of non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis (HS) withthe activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in Type 2 diabeticindividuals.MethodsThe activity of the HPA axis, as measured by 24-h urinary free cortisol(UFC) excretion and serum cortisol levels after 1.0 mg dexamethasone, wasmeasured in 40 diet-controlled, predominantly overweight, Type 2 diabeticpatients with non-alcoholic HS and in 40 diabetic patients without HS whowere comparable for age, sex and body mass index (BMI).ResultsSubjects with non-alcoholic HS had significantly higher 24-h UFCexcretion (191±4 vs. 102±3 nmol/24 h;P< 0.001) and post-dexamethasonecortisol concentrations (29.1±2 vs. 14.4±1 nmol/ l;P< 0.001) than thosewithout HS. Patients with HS had significantly higher values for HOMA insulinresistance score, plasma triglycerides and liver enzymes. Age, sex, BMI, waist–hip ratio (WHR), diabetes duration, HbA1c, LDL-cholesterol and blood pressurevalues were not different between the groups. The differences in urinaryand serum cortisol concentrations between the groups remained significant afteradjustment for age, sex, BMI, WHR, HOMA insulin resistance score, plasmatriglycerides, HbA1cand liver enzymes. In multiple logistic regression analyses,24-h UFC or serum cortisol concentrations (P <0.05 andP= 0.02, respectively),along with age and HOMA insulin resistance, predicted the presence of HS,independently of potential confounders.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that non-alcoholic HS is closely associatedwith a subtle, chronic overactivity of the HPA axis in diet-controlled Type 2diabetic individuals
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is independently associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients
No full textRecent data suggest that the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes may be linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) independent of components of the metabolic syndrome, although this hypothesis needs verification in larger studies. We assessed whether NAFLD, as diagnosed by ultrasound, predicts the risk of incident CVD events in a large cohort of type 2 diabetic adults
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Cigarette smoking and plasma total homocysteine levels in young adults with type 1 diabetes
No full textOBJECTIVE - The purposes of this study were to compare plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, a recognized cardiovascular risk factor, in nondiabetic subjects and type I diabetic patients, and to evaluate whether chronic cigarette smoking had a deleterious effect on plasma tHcy levels in type 1 diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Plasma tHcy concentrations were measured in 60 young type 1 diabetic patients without clinical evidence of macroangiopathy and in 30 healthy control subjects who were matched for age, sex, BMI, and smoking habit. RESULTS - Plasma tHcy levels were significantly higher in type I diabetic patients than in control subjects (12.5 +/- 4.8 vs. 10.3 +/- 2.2 mu mol/l, P = 0.01). After stratification by smoking status, diabetic smokers had values for age, sex, BMI, lipids, creatinine, blood pressure, glycometabolic control, diabetes duration, and microvascular complications that were superimposable on their nonsmoking counterparts. Nevertheless, plasma tHcy levels were markedly elevated in diabetic smokers Versus nonsmokers (15.5 +/- 5.7 vs. 10.6 +/- 3 mu mol/l, P < 0.0001) in a dose-dependent fashion (P < 0.0001, by analysis of variance when subjects were categorized for the number of cigarettes smoked daily). CONCLUSIONS - Chronic cigarette smoking seems to adversely affect plasma tHcy levels in young adults with type I diabetes
Plasma homocysteine levels are associated with von Willebrand factor, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors in young type 1 diabetic patients without clinical evidence of macrovascular complications
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