1,721,006 research outputs found
Modelling socio-economic vulnerability to floods:comparison of methods developed for European and Asian case studies
No full textWithin a twinning framework supported by the FP6 research project BRAHMATWINN, an approach has been developed to effectively model and map vulnerability to floods in the Brahmaputra/Assam (India) and Salzach River Catchment, Austria. The intention of the research is to assess the socio-economic component of risk through a joint conceptual level vulnerability approach. The approach reflects the wider objective and conceptualizations of the IPCC (International Panel for Climate Change) framework. Within this framework vulnerability is defined as a function of adaptive capacity and sensitivity. As sensitivity and adaptive capacity are multi-dimensional constructs a wide range of possible input parameters are potentially of relevance and there is a need to be pragmatic about the datasets available and the subsequent selection of indicators. To enhance the range for parameter selection, the research methodology utilises census and household survey as well as land use/land cover data to derive and assess vulnerability. For both test site areas, appropriate indicators have been chosen from these sources and represented in sub-domains based upon literature and in-field interviews and substantial workshops with local experts. In both test sites linear combination and regionalisation algorithms have been applied to provide appropriate weighting to the chosen indicators resulting in vulnerability maps that reflect the perceptions of the stakeholders. Spatial units have been identified which represent common characteristics of vulnerability. A valuable outcome of the twinning approach has been the delineation of two clear paradigms in the thinking of the production and utilization of vulnerability maps. In the European context vulnerability is strongly characterised through assets, whereas in Assam the focus lies on the defining characteristics of poverty at the community level. In the Asian context, where the poorer communities might typically be associated with low asset it is possible that a map of asset vulnerability is the inverse of a vulnerability map based upon community vulnerability. As such this highlights the importance of considering how a vulnerability map will be utilised in a decision making/planning context. In the frame of the FP6 research project BRAHMATWINN (Twinning European and South Asian River Basins to enhance capacity and implement adaptive management approaches) an approach has been developed to model vulnerability to floods in Assam (India) and the Salzach River catchment, Austria. The overall objective of BRAHMATWINN is to enhance and improve capacity to carry out a harmonised integrated water resources management (IWRM) approach as addressed by the European Water Initiative in headwater river systems of alpine mountain massifs in respect to impacts from likely climate change, and to transfer professional IWRM expertise, approaches and tools based on case studies carried out in twinning European and Asian river basins. Specifically, the project intends to delineate 'Water Resource Response Units' (WRRUs) which intend to meet the objective of analyzing the driving forces, pressures, state, impact, and response of system components, deriving from the natural and human environment regarding the vulnerability to impact by climate change in "what-if?" scenarios. In the first instance, a conceptual approach and consensus has been achieved in defining vulnerability. In case study areas in each catchment, Assam in the Upper Brahmaputra River Basin, and the Salzach River in the Upper Danube River Basin, the vulnerability has been modelled and mapped. Whilst adopting the broad conceptual framework common to both case studies, Assam has a dominantly rural poverty context suggesting a focus that views the lack of asset as the root cause of low adaptive capacity but with sensitivity defined upon limitations to the asset base. In the European setting the indicators for measuring vulnerability have a strong focus on asset based approaches whilst also integrating the socio-economic characteristic of the population. The Asian approach shares with the European case study a stakeholder consultation phase in order to provide a relative weighting for the selected indicators and consciously accepts the subjectivity of the output as a representation of the opinions of the consulted group. The model results such as the spatial quantification of socio-economic vulnerability should feed into the modelling of WRRUs (Water Resource Response Units) and additionally allow decision-makers in the region to identify vulnerable areas and possible means of intervention. Within this paper we compare both methodological approaches within the modelling of socio-economic vulnerabilities and raise issues on requirements and limitations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
