177,126 research outputs found
Grandiose (communal and agentic) narcissism and predicted (dis) obedience in the Milgram paradigm
No full textPeople believe that they would disobey immoral authority in the Milgram experiment. We asked whether high (vs. low) communal and agentic narcissists would manifest a more pronounced better-than-average effect (BTAE) in their predicted disobedience. Participants (N = 348) estimated the moment at which they and the average peer would quit the Milgram experiment. High communal narcissists claimed that they would disobey the immoral authority and quit the experiment earlier (positively predicting the BTAE), whereas high agentic narcissists claimed that they, as well as an average other, would obey longer (negatively predicting the BTAE). Differences in the impression management component of socially desirable responding played a role in these links
Bi-level algorithm for optimizing hyperparameters in penalized nonnegative matrix factorization
Full text linkLearning approaches rely on hyperparameters that impact the algorithm's performance and affect the knowledge extraction process from data. Recently, Nonnegative Matrix Factoriza-tion (NMF) has attracted a growing interest as a learning algorithm. This technique cap-tures the latent information embedded in large datasets while preserving feature proper-ties. NMF can be formalized as a penalized optimization task in which tuning the penalty hyperparameters is an open issue. The current literature does not provide any general framework addressing this task. This study proposes to express the penalty hyperparam-eters problem in NMF in terms of a bi-level optimization. We design a novel algorithm, named Alternating Bi-level (AltBi), which incorporates the hyperparameters tuning proce-dure into the updates of NMF factors. Results of the existence and convergence of numer-ical solutions, under appropriate assumptions, are studied, and numerical experiments are provided
Analysis of cardiac cell turnover in humans by radiocarbon dating and mathematical modeling
No full textCardiovascular disease is the largest cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western World. Disease progression often involves a loss of contracting cells, cardiomyocytes, which leads to cardiac failure and the need for heart transplantation with time. However the shortage of donor hearts is a large problem and a strong motivator for finding alternative solutions; this is the focus of regenerative heart medicine. For new treatment strategies to be effective we first need to better understand the potential and capacity of the heart and its cells.This thesis addresses two questions specifically: 1) Do cardiomyocytes renew in human hearts during healthy aging? 2) How does cardiac disease affect cardiomyocyte renewal? Studies in experimental animals and to a small extent in humans had previously not been able to resolve these questions, mainly because limitations in methods and ethical restrictions. We employed primarily two methodologies, 14C birth dating and mathematical modeling. 14C birth dating is a method developed within the Frisén group that exploits the changes in atmospheric 14C levels due to testing of nuclear weapons during the Cold War. The 14C concentration in the genomic DNA of a cell reflects when the cell was born, and hence the level of renewal. The core part of the mathematical model is a first order partial differential equation (PDE). It describes cells according to their age and how the distribution of ages changes as the individual grows older. We found that human cardiomyocytes in healthy hearts indeed renew throughout life, with a declining turnover not exceeding 1% per year in adult life, and that the cell number is established already at birth. Endothelial and mesenchymal cardiac cells are more dynamic, both in terms of changes in cell number and baseline turnover (Paper II and IV). Preliminary results indicate that ischemic heart disease and dilated cardiomyopathy can increase the renewal rate to 2.7% per year; however it is likely that individual turnover estimates differ from this, which may reflect the differences in disease etiology and patient specific manifestation (Paper I). In order to reach these conclusions we developed a method to isolate cardiomyocyte nuclei, based on the molecular markers, PCM-1, cTroponin T, and cTroponin I (Paper III). This work shows that adult cardiomyocytes in healthy and diseased hearts have a measurable regenerative capacity, suggesting that it can be exploited for developing new therapeutic strategies to treat heart disease.List of scientific papersI. Zdunek S., Bergmann O., Jashari R., Andrä M., Salehpour M., Alkass K., Bernard S., Felker A., Possnert G., Druid H., Jovinge S., Frisén J. Regeneration of cardiomyocytes in human heart disease. [Manuscript]II. Bergmann O., Zdunek S., Felker A., Salehpour M., Alkass K., Bernard S., Sjostrom S.L., Szewczykowska M., Jackowska T., Remedios C.D., Malm T., Andrä M., Jashari R., Nyengaard J.R, Possnert G., Jovinge S., Druid H., Frisén J. (2015). Dynamics of cell generation and turnover in the human heart. Cell 161, 1566-1575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.026 III. Bergmann O., Zdunek S., Alkass K., Druid H., Bernard S., Frisén J. (2011). Identification of cardiomyocyte nuclei and assessment of ploidy for the analysis of cell turnover. Experimental Cell Research 317, 188-194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.08.017 IV. Bergmann O., Bhardwaj R.D., Bernard S., Zdunek S., Barnabé-Heider F., Walsh S., Zupicich J., Alkass K., Buchholz. B.A., Druid H., Jovinge S., Frisén J. (2009). Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans. Science 324, 98-102. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1164680 </p
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
Full text linkBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Narcissism predicts noise perception but not signal decoding in emotion
Full text linkAbstract Grandiose narcissists claim that they have better-than-average emotion recognition abilities, but many objective tests do not support this claim. We sought to clarify the relation between grandiose (both agentic and communal) narcissism and emotion recognition by taking a closer look at the components of emotion recognition. In two studies (N 1 = 147, N 2 = 520), using culturally distinct samples and different stimulus materials, we investigated the relation between grandiose narcissism and signal decoding (accurate view of the intended emotion displayed in an expression) as well as noise perception (inaccurate deciphering of secondary emotions that are not part of the emotional message). Narcissism was inconsistently related to signal decoding, but consistently and positively related to noise perception. High grandiose (agentic and communal) narcissists are not necessarily better at signal decoding, but are more susceptible to noise perception. We discuss implications for narcissists’ social interactions and interpersonal relationships
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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