160 research outputs found
Intonation and Emphasis
No full textArticle: Intonation and Emphasis (H.O. Coleman). Published in 1914. Miscellanea Phonetica. University College of London, pages 6-26. 18 pages (last page may be missing.
ПРОБЛЕМНО-ПОШУКОВЕ НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ЕФЕКТИВНИЙ ЗАСІБ РОЗУМОВОГО РОЗВИТКУ УЧНІВ
No full textThe right organization of the problematic-searching education and its effectiveness in the development of the mental forces and abilities of the students is considered in this article
EU Integration of Turkey: Implications for Turkish Agriculture
No full textTurkey’s membership to the EU will involve full liberalization of agricultural trade with the EU. The effects of liberalization are bound to depend on the path of agricultural policies in Turkey and in the EU during the accession negotiations. In order to evaluate the possible impacts of a variety of policy alternatives and scenarios, an economic modelling approach based on non-linear mathematical programming is appropriate. In this framework, the major purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Turkish integration to the EU on agriculture using an agricultural sector model for Turkey. The basic approach undertaken supplements the past efforts by incorporating Maximum Entropy to the positive mathematical programming, together with updated base period and including recent policy changes. Following the integration with EU, the net exports in agro-food products decline mainly due to the expansion of trade in livestock products. Overall welfare effects of including agrofood products in the customs union and membership are small. Consumers benefit from declining prices. CAP supports are determinative for producers’ welfare. The results of the simulations provide also updated estimates about the possible size of CAP expenditures for Turkish agriculture.Turkish Agricultural Sector Model (TAGRIS), Maximum Entropy Based Positive Mathematical Programming, Turkey’s Membership of EU, International Relations/Trade,
Re-inscribing the author : an approach to the pragmatics of reading and interpretation in Sol Plaatje's Native Life in South Africa and Luke's Book of Acts
No full textSubmitted to the Faculty of Arts in fufilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of English at the University of Zululand, 1999.The objective of this study is to affirm the presence of the intentional consciousness / stance in texts which purport to depict reality or real events. Intentionality, in the context of this thesis, is not conceived as a pre-existing thought or idea, which precedes the text, but as something, which inheres in the text and is produced in it. The Cartesian split between consciousness and being which the former conception enacts is here elided and authorial intention is read and produced in the process of writing itself.
This distinction is significant because the main argument of this thesis is that authorial intention in texts that purport to depict real events and intervene in a particular socio-historical process for mobilizational purposes, leads to the production of a certain kind of text which deploys specific narrative strategies that consolidate its reading and rendering of events and re-inforce narrative closures. These intentionally motivated closures are embedded in narrative strategies, which are seen as both necessary and imperative for the consolidation and legitimation of the message and to foreclose other readings. Authorially motivated closures are predominant in classic realist texts in which as Roger Webster (1990:70) argues "there is a clear hierarchy of discourses controlled by a privileged central voice or narrator". This narrative voice or, to quote MacCabe, this "authorial and authoritarian 'metalanguage' judges and controls all other discourses in the text". And in classic realist texts in which the author does not seek to mask his presence by using other narrators and overtly seeks to move his audience in a specified direction, these closures become even more evident within the texture of the text. Texts of this nature are seen as means of achieving particular ends rather than as autonomous, independent units existing in a self-referential world of significance.
Much of contemporary critical theory has unfortunately tried to efface the author from the text and/ or tried to marginalize the role of the author in the text. This thesis, however, seeks to re-inscribe the agency of the author in his / her intentional stance with regard to the text, more specifically in texts which depict real events and seek to impact upon the real world and the target audience. This thesis shows how this agency is enacted within the world of the text. Very briefly, this agency, I argue, is reproduced in narrative strategies which revolve around the twin poles of authority and legitimation; and these strategies operate at two levels within the text and these are the levels of the real events depicted in the narrative and then the prevailing discursive paradigms of the times. A narrative dialectic is thus erected between these two levels in the texts and this is mediated at every point by the active presence of the authorial engagement.
The first chapter, which is largely introductory, serves as the theoretical clearing ground for the thesis. In it, I argue the case for intentionality by reviewing various critical positions in contemporary theory in relation to the author and the interpretation of texts. Thereafter I move on to spell out the ways in which authorial intention is embedded in realist narratives of the kind I have described. In my argument, I draw upon the critical practices and theoretical positions of postcolonial, feminist and Third World writers and critics whose work constitute an alternative tradition in which is inscribed specifically overt socio-political agencies. In the chapters that follow, I adopt the strategy of sketching out the historical and discursive context of the text. Thus chapter two focuses on the historical and discursive context of Luke's Book of Acts while chapter three focuses on the analysis of Acts. In the same manner, chapter four focuses on the historical and discursive context of Sol Plaatje's Native Life in South Africa while chapter five focuses on the analysis of the text (Native Life in South Africa). A brief conclusion sums up the argument of the thesis.University of Zululan
Modeling and assessing the effects of the sea surface, from being flat to being rough and dynamic
No full textThe sea surface acts as a very strong reflector because of the large impedance contrast between water and air. The reflection coefficient is -1 in a very good approximation. Apart from the surface multiples, the sea surface is also responsible for generating the source and receiver ghost wavefields. These cause the well-known ghost notches in the spectrum: areas where the signal-to-noise ratio is very low. To model the ghost wavefields, ghost operators can be computed and applied to ghost-free data. Modeling experiments indicate that in the case of a flat sea surface, the character of the notches in various gather types, e.g., receiver gather, common-offset gather, shot record, is largely determined by the complexity of the earth. In a simple earth, e.g., horizontally layered, the notches are always well-defined and deep, but in a complex earth, they become blurry in some of the gather types. Therefore, in the case of a complex subsurface, source deghosting is best carried out in the common-receiver domain and receiver deghosting is best carried out in the common-shot domain. In the case of a simple subsurface, deghosting can be carried out in all domains. An additional factor is that the sea surface may be rough and dynamic. This causes blurry ghost notches in all gather types, even in the case of a simple earth. To model the source ghost for this situation, an effective static rough sea surface suffices. This keeps the computations simple. The condition is that the source has an impulsive character. However, to model the receiver ghost (and the source ghost for a nonimpulsive source), the dynamics of the sea surface must be included. This can be done by composing the final result from the results computed for several "frozen" snapshots of the dynamic sea surface.Accepted Author ManuscriptApplied Geophysics and Petrophysic
Computational analysis of copy number profiles of tumors
No full textCancer is a genetic disease. The activation, alteration or deactivation of cancer genes can stimulate undesirable cell-proliferation. Cancer genes can be subdivided into oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Oncogenes, such as growth factor receptors, are altered and/or overexpressed genes that are causally linked to tumorigenesis. Tumor suppressors, by contrast, are typically under expressed or deleted in tumors since they would otherwise serve a protective role.There are two main genetic mechanism that can activate or deactivate cancer genes: mutations and DNA copy number alterations. In this work, we focus on detecting novel cancer genes using somatic DNA copy number data. The philosophy is simple: if independently acquired somatic amplifications or deletions occur frequently across multiple tumor samples, they are likely to harbor oncogenes or tumor-suppressors respectively. With a single tumor DNA copy number profile,it is not possible to know which copy number alterations activate or deactivate cancer genes, since many of the alterations (referred to as passenger aberrations) occur due to genomic instability and do not necessarily provide a selective advantage for cancerous cells. However, when aggregating across many samples, we expect cancer genes to be amplified or deleted more frequently than by chance, which allows us to detect them.This application can be regarded as a peak calling problem. We aggregate (sum) copy number profiles across many tumors and call peaks that are significantly high. To do this we define a null model that describes the behavior of an aggregate copy number profile that would arise if only passenger aberrations occurred. The null aggregate profile (also called the noise profile) exhibits high auto correlation across the genome due to the segmented nature of copy number profiles.We therefore developed a statistical framework for calling peaks (at varying widths) where the noise profile can exhibit strong auto correlation. The framework allows us to detect peaks (at varying widths) with high statistical power while controlling the false discovery rate of detected peaks. We employ two concepts. First, we take advantage of the fact that broad peaks can be detected with much higher statistical power when smoothing the profile and we developed techniques for adaptive smoothing. Second, we use a powerful statistic called the expected Euler characteristic that is insensitive to platform resolution, directly compatible with our smoothing methodology and that can be directly used to estimate the expected number of false positive peaks called.This framework does not rely directly on the inherent properties of DNA copy number profiles and can therefore be applied in many more applications with suitably defined null-models. Although the mathematics we develop in this framework might be taxing at times, we observe thatthe equations that result and that are ultimately used in our peak calling algorithms are simple and the validity can easily be verified by simulating data and comparing our theoretical expectations with measured observations.Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatic
Controlled reefers in the banana supply chain: energy reduction and quality preservation
No full textBananas are the fourth most eaten product in the world. In Europe almost 4 million tonnes of bananas are consumed every year. These bananas need to be imported from plantations in, among others, Latin America. Due to the perishable nature of bananas the transport from plantation to Europe is done in cooled reefer containers. During transport the considered ripening stage is the green life period because of its ability to be influenced by external factors. The ripening rate within the green life period is largely dependent on temperature. Energy consumption for cooling is dependent on temperature. The current cooling strategy is keeping temperatures as low as possible without damaging the bananas, which asks for maximum energy consumption. This article proposes a cooling strategy which results in higher temperatures inside the container with the goal to minimize energy consumption which ultimately results in lower transport costs. In this article a model is developed to combine biological and logistical features of the banana supply chain. To assure right quality, continuous monitoring inside a reefer is used to check the ripening process and detect disturbances in ripening rate. To cope with the disturbances and delays in the supply chain a controller is designed which can adjust temperature during the journey. This is done to adjust the ripening rate and make sure the bananas reach the customer at the right quality at the right time while using up to 10% less energy than conventional cooling strategies.Mechanical, Maritime and Materials EngineeringMarine and Transport Technolog
Interaction between the Yellow river and its estuary
No full textThe 5,464 km long Yellow River (Chinese: Huang He) is the second longest river of the Peoples Republic of China. Its source is in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and empties after serving an agricultural population of over 126 million people in the Bohai Bay. The main characteristic of the Yellow River is the extremely high sediment load which causes the river bed to rise up to 10 cm per year and the river mouth to propagate into the shallow Bohai Bay with an average velocity of 2 km per year. The rising bed level results in a rising water level causing dike-breaches, occurring with an average return period of 10 years. After a dike-breach the Yellow River changes its course, and a new flow path is formed. The length of the new flow path to the Bohai Bay is shorter than the previous one. This causes a drop in the water level at the place of the dike-breach. The bed level upstream of the dike-breach follows the drop of the water level. Meanwhile the river path becomes longer by deposition at the river mouth. Aggradation takes place and the water level rises again until the next dikebreach occurs. In chapter 1 this process and the Yellow River characteristicsis are described. The periodic rise and fall of water- and bed level, initiated in the delta region, is propagating in upstream direction causing a time dependent bed level. The amplitude of this process reduces in upstream direction. The research objective is to determine a length scale of the river reach under influence of this periodic rise and fall. The time depending variation of the riverbed can be estimated by a quasi-steady one-dimensional mathematical model, which is derived of the basic equations of motion and continuity of water and sand in chapter 2. To solve this model a numerical approach is applied, which is discussed in chapter 4. Linearising this model leads to a hyperbolic differential equation. I f more symplifications are made - not only quasi-steady, but also quasi-uniform - a parabolic differential equation is obtained. In chapter 3 both differential equations are studied more closely with for several boundary conditions and several parameters. The advantage of the analytical solution is a quickly obtained first estimation of the behaviour of the time depending bed level of the lower reach of the Yellow River. Both numerical- and analytical studies result in an estimation of the length scale, expressed as a relaxation length, of the river reach under influence of the development in the Yellow River delta. The results show that the diffussion coefficient, determined by the sediment transport formula and the slope of the bed level, is of great influence on the relaxation length. The relaxation length increases in case of: - increasing diffusion coefficient - increasing period of the boundary condition - using a hyperbolic model instead of a parabolic model - using a numerical model instead of an analytical model In case the boundary condition consists of a sum of sine functions, representing for example a sudden drop of the water level, the time depending bed level transforms into a sine function with increasing distance from the boundary condition. This is the result of the different periods of the sine functions. The smaller the period, the sooner it is damped. The diffusion coefficient for the Yellow River is approximately 400 m2/s, which results in a relaxation length of approximately 200 km in case of a periodic boundary condition with a sudden drop in water level and a period of 10 year.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Modeling cell–cell communication for immune systems across space and time
No full textCommunicating is crucial for cells to coordinate their behaviors. Immunological processes, involving diverse cytokines and cell types, are ideal for developing frameworks for modeling coordinated behaviors of cells. Here, we review recent studies that combine modeling and experiments to reveal how immune systems use autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine signals to achieve behaviors such as controlling population densities and hair regenerations. We explain that models are useful because one can computationally vary numerous parameters, in experimentally infeasible ways, to evaluate alternate immunological responses. For each model, we focus on the length-scales and time-scales involved and explain why integrating multiple length-scales and time-scales in a model remain challenging. We suggest promising modeling strategies for meeting this challenge and their practical consequences.OLD BN/Hyun Youk La
Enabling yeast replication in extreme cold and heat
No full textOpen questions are whether life can be enabled in uninhabitable environments, and whether there is a limit to howmuch one can tune the speed of proliferation. Answering such questions has broad implications. It may reveal whether we can live in unforeseen habitats, whether we can slow down aging, and whether there are limits to lifespan. In this dissertation, we explore such questions for the budding yeast by changing the temperature. We will use temperature, a physical parameter, as a knob to tune the speed of cellular life. Temperature affects all organisms and habitats, and is of contemporary interest in light of climate change. Indeed, cells of microbes, plants and cold-blooded animals often endure temperatures that can be considered extreme. For reference, budding yeast lives comfortably at 30 ◦C and has a doubling time of roughly 1.5 hours – the time a cell needs to grow and divide into two cells. During our studies, we will elucidate the common principles that govern the life of yeast at extreme temperatures – how a cell survives, grows, replicates, ages, and dies. We combine models, experiments and measurements of single cells and at amolecular level, and integrate these into a systems-level view of the life of yeast at extreme temperatures..BN/BionanoscienceBN/Greg Bokinsky La
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