1,721,454 research outputs found
Pianificazione territoriale e difesa del suolo. Quarant'anni dopo la Relazione "De Marchi"
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Parma: le sfide della capitale della Food Valley dopo la crisi delle grandi opere
No full textIl saggio fa parte del secondo Rapporto annuale di Urban@it - Centro nazionale di studi per le politiche urbane, che mette al centro dell'attenzione la necessità di costruire una Agenda urbana nazionale, in coerenza con le sollecitazioni che provengono dallo scenario internazionale (Patto di Amsterdam e Agenda Urbana Europea, New Urban Agenda delle Nazioni Unite). La convinzione degli estensori del Rapporto è che un processo di costruzione dell'Agenda urbana nazionale possa avvalersi delle esperienze compiute da molte città: in questa prospettiva il Rapporto prova ad osservare da vicino ciò che accade nelle città italiane, mettendo in luce le sperimentazioni e le esperienze più interessanti e i temi emergenti più rilevanti per l'Agenda urbana nazionale. Gli autori del saggio (i cui contributi sono ben riconoscibili, come evidenziato nella nota editoriale che accompagna il volume) hanno contribuito con una analisi dell'Agenda urbana della città di Parma, costruita a partire da interviste ad attori urbani significativi, e da una ricognizione della letteratura esistente
The contrast to the Urban Heat Island phenomenon to increase the urban comfort as an incentive to slow mobility. A study on the city of Parma
No full textThe paper focuses on adaptation to climate change and proposed, for the city of Parma, a risk map induced by heat islands on sensitive people, as a tool to support planning decisions for urban regeneration interventions. The study, has confirmed the connection between the temperature change and land use and found that, when it crosses the 80% threshold, the heating rate increases considerably. One of the most successful solutions is the equipment of vegetation increase. Continuity of pedestrian and cycle routes, and their overlap with ecological corridors, could be a solution to increase of green infrastructure, as they allow at the same time re-sewing between rural and urban areas at different scales. Strategies and processing practices recommended for the heat island mitigation can have positive effects on several components of the territorial and urban system. Starting from environmental criticalities, the recommendations for action can have positively impact on different sectors
Urban Heat Island (UHI) risk maps as innovative tool for urban regeneration strategies. The case of Parma
Full text linkFor the purposes of regeneration of the consolidated city it is increasingly important
to have the knowledge of the micro-scale distribution of the vulnerability of the population to
the consequences of climate change and increasing urbanization. The work to be presented starts
with the creation of maps of the risk classification induced by the heat islands in the city of
Parma, and aims to investigate which are the most effective strategies that a Public
Administration can adopt. The maps that have been created allow to assess the risk for the fragile
population at the level of the single building. They relate the climatic datum of thermal variation
with the population residing within each building, and verify the causal relationship with the soil
sealing and with the morphology of the urban fabric. The results of the study can help to identify
the thermal hot spot, receivers of specific mitigation actions. The risk map is itself a tool to
develop multilevel actions, designed according to the peculiarities of the sites, where the possible
adaptive solutions are compared with the physical and morphological characteristics of the
places. The positive function of green infrastructures (contrast of overheating, flood mitigation,
creation of places and services with a recreational function) is acquired by research and urban
planning practice. It is equally well known the difficulty faced by Local Authorities in the
maintenance and increase of unbuilt public areas, fundamental for the connection of ecological
networks
A smart and active mobility assessment protocol for urban regeneration. Application to regeneration projects of medium-sized cities in Emilia-Romagna
No full textActive mobility, within the context of sustainable urban development, plays a crucial role by positively affecting carbon and greenhouse gasses emissions, promoting healthy lifestyles, relieving urban traffic congestion, and therefore enanching the overall quality of urban life. Nowadays, active mobility plays a crucial role also in the contexts of urban regeneration projects, as highlighted both within the framework of Smart City assessments and within the main urban regeneration evaluation protocols. This paper pursues to establish a protocol for assessing the transformation of public spaces in the context of urban regeneration, using specific indicators to measure impacts on active mobility. The proposed assessment method aims at benchmarking urban regeneration initiatives, with a particular focus on mobility and accessibility issues. The methodology has been tested in several case studies within the major medium-sized cities of the Emilia-Romagna Region (Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Cesena and Rimini), in the North of Italy, outlining potential guidelines for the integration of active and smart mobility in the processes of urban regeneration
A cautionary note on entry and exit strategies with long-acting cabotegravir and rilpivirine
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Surrogate markers as a guide to evaluate response to antiretroviral therapy
No full textThe development of an increasing number of antiretroviral agents has dramatically reduced HIV-associated morbidity and mortality. However, most of these drugs have been approved through clinical trials where only surrogate markers for clinical endpoints have been used. Ideally, a surrogate marker should be biologically plausible, predictive of disease progression and measurable by standardized assays. Historically, a number of candidate markers have been explored for monitoring the course of HIV infection and response to treatment. While the level of plasma HIV RNA and the absolute numbers of peripheral CD4+ T cells have eventually become the reference markers in clinical practice, several additional parameters are still being evaluated to improve our knowledge of the virus-host interaction, discriminate between apparently equivalent stages and further refine antiretroviral treatment. Advances in molecular methods and growing elucidation of HIV dynamics in vivo have made it possible to consider several molecular virologic parameters as candidate markers for treatment response, including intracellular levels of different HIV RNA species and amount of integrated and unintegrated HIV DNA. Much effort has been recently devoted to the definition of immunological parameters as prognostic markers. The abnormal activation induced by HIV on the immune system represents a major pathogenetic feature of HIV infection. Immune activation may be evaluated by the analysis of activation markers expressed on the cell membrane and by the quantification of soluble plasma molecules released by activated cells. Such markers of immune activation have an important prognostic significance in terms of disease progression and might be suitable for the monitoring and prognosis of antiretroviral therapies. In the late years, the possibility of extending potent antiretroviral therapies to developing countries has raised the need of simple, reliable and cost-effective tests to measure prognostic markers for disease evolution and assessment of therapy efficacy. This review summarizes the benefits and limits of reference and candidate surrogate markers and their integration for optimal antiretroviral therapy
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