1,720,958 research outputs found
Private equity and venture capital markets in Europe
Full text linkThis review article provides a comprehensive outlook of the European Venture Capital and Private Equity markets. Venture Capital investments are a fundamental pillar for the future of European firms and European innovation. They are increasing at an unforeseen rate, leveraging on the unprecedented size of the resources available and the huge opportunities, as the ESG paradigm, arising in the continent. The literature entangling venture capital in Europe is relatively young. Nevertheless, Europe represents an excellent ground to test research ideas, as the venture capital markets considered are mature but rich in variety of specificities withi
Venture capital network
No full textEntrepreneurs spend days and days in finding the way to get introduced to VCs, while VCs jump from event to event in the aim of spotting the next unicorn. The whole startup and venture capital industry is connected over tiny details: participating at the same events, binge at the same accelerator, investing together in a promising – or in a failing – company. Other ties are more personal. Founding a company together, or
attending the same university, creates strong social ties among individuals. Startups themselves are connected by providing products to
each other. Investors and entrepreneurs are the fundamental players in developing companies and they coexist in a complex networked system.
Innovation, funding, information, and knowhow are spread through it, by means of a multitude of connections formed in a variety of ways.
The entry provides an overview of the state of the literature, shedding a light on the challenges faced by this research area and offering suggestions on its potential developments
The fundamentals of banks
No full textWe need to revert the story telling on banks and give a proper perspective on what they can do for the economy overall. Corporate and Investment Banking (CIB) is in fact the banking activity that most affects the growth of companies and their ability to be more robust and competitive. In the financial world, the key variable for development is technology, enabling the use of information for the benefit of the customers. The availability of data and their reading on a large scale makes it possible to overcome segmentations and artificial classifications, which have been part of the history of banking strategies, moving towards a punctual offer and cut on the real profile of each individual customer. For the corporate market, the tailor-made design of the products involves a more complex choice, which sees the replacement of credit services open to the whole range of financial operations: from debt capital markets, equity capital markets, private equity, restructuring to M&A deals. In this sense, the role of the bank is crucial because only the bank has knowledge and authority to push and guide managers and entrepreneurs to choices not easy, such as to open up capital and use the markets for their funding. Acting as an advisor, as an investor, or as a financial sponsor. All decisions are decisive for their growth
The regulation of banking system and of capital adequacy
No full textThe debate around the need of a European CIB system is much more relevant and impactful as it involves the European community and European stakeholders at large. The question is not merely reported to the financial industry per se and to the Banking Union but it has to embrace the larger political debate about the strategy Europe has to pursue. The risk EU is facing appears crystal clear: the European financial industry could become a huge lending system whereas the role of banks will be under pressure. On the one hand, more value add services of CIB are delivered by non-EU players. On the other, fintech companies generate a lot of competition with a significant disruptive power or at least disruptive on margins. Is it acceptable? Alternatively, shall we suggest more proactive and concrete actions not against someone but in favour of a more diversified eco-system whereas European voice matters? Is it too late to promote concrete actions to stimulate the rising of a competitive European CIB industry? It is not, but actions have to be focused and they have to be identified through bottom-up and top-down recommendations and suggestions related to the architecture of the Banking Union
Introduction to corporate and investment banking
No full textIn addition to size, the business model of banks is another penalizing aspect of the European banking system. The most revealing statistic in this regard can be found in the breakdown of funding for American and European institutions. In the US, 70% of funding for companies consists of securities, while in Europe the same percentage is covered by bank loans. This substantial difference makes European companies less capitalized and less competitive from the market’s perspective. Moreover, from a lender’s standpoint, this means that European banks appear to be very dependent on the lending business and as such exposed to the (mostly external) volatility of interest rates. Vice versa, the dependence of US banks on the securities market protects them from reliance on interest margins. However, the business model question does not imply that a radical transformation of European banks is either obligatory or even desirable. Instead, there needs to be a shared (European!) commitment among banks to progressively transition toward a complete range of investment banking activities. This should be endorsed, once again, on the political, supervisory and regulatory fronts, while engaging shareholders as well. All this is not only for the good of the profit and loss accounts of banks, but more importantly for the sake of financial growth - and real growth - of businesses
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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