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Don Nicola Mazza sulla Moneta e oltre. Prestito a interesse e capitale nelle riflessioni di un riformatore religioso veneto a metà dell’800.
Get PDFITL’articolo si concentra su un breve saggio composto nel 1845 da un religioso cattolico veronese, don Nicola Mazza, noto soprattutto come educatore e riformatore sociale. Il saggio (Dissertazione sul prestito del denaro) fu pubblicato e illustrato per la prima volta nel 1966 dal ben noto storico dell'economia Gino Barbieri e venne ripubblicato nel 2000 da Ilvano Caliaro in un’edizione leggermente diversa. Negli ultimi decenni del Settecento il dibattito sull’usura aveva dato luogo a vaste polemiche, a partire dal volume di Scipione Maffei pubblicato proprio a Verona, ed era stato definitivamente chiuso dalla Bolla Papale Vix Pervenit nel 1745. L’obiettivo del Mazza è dimostrare che un prestito oneroso entro certi limiti può essere considerato lecito dagli insegnamenti della dottrina cattolica. Nicola Mazza per sostenere i suoi argomenti utilizza gli strumenti tradizionali dei canonisti e dei teologi tardomedievali e il suo obiettivo principale è esplicitamente quello di confermare la validità della Bolla Papale. Le sue argomentazioni si basano su una particolare e da lui ritenuta nuova teoria del denaro, al quale egli assegna alcune caratteristiche, che consentono di includere un aumento di valore implicito tra il momento dell’emissione del prestito e il momento del suo rimborso, senza che per questo debba essere aggiunto altro denaro. In tal modo egli ritiene di non intaccare il pilastro dell’insegnamento tradizionale della Chiesa cattolica sull’usura, il noto principio «pecunia non parit pecuniam». Mazza è altresì profondamente consapevole del ruolo cruciale dei prestiti finanziari per realizzare le attività economiche, per il sostegno allo sviluppo economico e per il miglioramento delle condizioni di vita, soprattutto per i poveri. Questa visione positiva delle attività economiche è alla fine la ragione più forte per considerare i prestiti onerosi accettabili, nella prospettiva dell’insegnamento della morale cattolica. Tuttavia don Nicola Mazza non può essere considerato un economista, nemmeno in un significato più ampio, benché nella sua Dissertazione dimostri una profonda sensibilità verso i temi economici, a proposito del ruolo degli imprenditori, e benché, di sfuggita, nel tracciare le caratteristiche dei processi decisionali esprima alcuni argomenti molto simili alle teorie dell'utilità marginale. Sicuramente il suo contributo è da considerarsi di una certa importanza per il progresso del pensiero sociale cattolico del XIX secolo, precedente all’Enciclica Rerum Novarum.EnThe paper discusses a short essay written in 1845 by a catholic priest born in Verona, Nicola Mazza, mostly known as a social and educational reformer. The Essay (Dissertation on Usury) was firstly published and discussed in 1966 by the prominent economic historian Gino Barbieri and was newly published in a slightly alternative edition in 2000 by Ilvano Caliaro. In the last decades of 18th Century the Dissertation was preceded by a great debate on usury, arisen because a book written in Verona by Scipione Maffei and lately ended by The Papal Bull Vix Pervenit in 1745. It attempts to demonstrate that a standard, fair loan can be admitted by the Catholic Teaching. Nicola Mazza in his discussion uses the traditional tools of late medieval canonists and theologians and his first goal is clearly to support the Papal Bull. His arguments are based on a peculiar theory of money, that assigns to money some characteristics, and admit an increase of value between the time of issuing loan and the time of its repayment, without any further addition of money. In this way it is supposed to be still safe the pillar of the traditional teaching of the Catholic Church on usury, «pecunia non parit pecuniam». Mazza was strongly aware of the crucial role of financial loans in enforcing economic activities, in supporting economic development and better conditions of life, especially for the poor. This positive insight on economic activities is eventually the strongest reason to consider loans acceptable in the perspective of catholic moral teaching. Nevertheless, don Nicola Mazza should not be considered as an economist even in a larger sense, although he displayed in this Dissertation a profound sensibility on economic issues, on the role of entrepreneurs, and also, although he was able to draw a short sketch in decision-making process that sounds like marginal utility theory. Surely his contribution could be considered strongly relevant on the way to improve catholic social thought in 19th Century before the Encyclical Rerum Novarum
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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