79 research outputs found
MRI Insights in Breast Imaging
No full textIn the world, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. Currently, MRI is the most sensitive breast imaging method for detecting breast cancer, although false positive rates are still an issue. To date, the accuracy of breast MRI is widely recognized across various clinical scenarios, in particular, staging of known cancer, screening for breast cancer in high-risk women, and evaluation of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Since technical development and further clinical indications have expanded over recent years, dedicated breast radiologists need to constantly update their knowledge and expertise to remain confident and maintain high levels of diagnostic performance in breast MRI. This review aims to detail current and future applications of breast MRI, from technological requirements and advances to new multiparametric and abbreviated protocols, and ultrafast imaging, as well as current and future indications
Rad4XCNN: A new agnostic method for post-hoc global explanation of CNN-derived features by means of Radiomics
No full textBackground and Objective: In recent years, machine learning-based clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have played a key role in the analysis of several medical conditions. Despite their promising capabilities, the lack of transparency in AI models poses significant challenges, particularly in medical contexts where reliability is a mandatory aspect. However, it appears that explainability is inversely proportional to accuracy. For this reason, achieving transparency without compromising predictive accuracy remains a key challenge. Methods: This paper presents a novel method, namely Rad4XCNN, to enhance the predictive power of CNN-derived features with the inherent interpretability of radiomic features. Rad4XCNN diverges from conventional methods based on saliency maps, by associating intelligible meaning to CNN-derived features by means of Radiomics, offering new perspectives on explanation methods beyond visualization maps. Results: Using a breast cancer classification task as a case study, we evaluated Rad4XCNN on ultrasound imaging datasets, including an online dataset and two in-house datasets for internal and external validation. Some key results are: (i) CNN-derived features guarantee more robust accuracy when compared against ViT-derived and radiomic features; (ii) conventional visualization map methods for explanation present several pitfalls; (iii) Rad4XCNN does not sacrifice model accuracy for their explainability; (iv) Rad4XCNN provides a global explanation enabling the physician to extract global insights and findings. Conclusions: Our method can mitigate some concerns related to the explainability-accuracy trade-off. This study highlighted the importance of proposing new methods for model explanation without affecting their accuracy
On the Calogero-Moser space associated with dihedral groups
No full textInternational audienceUsing the geometry of the associated Calogero-Moser space, R. Rouquier and the author have attached to any finite complex reflection group several notions (Calogero-Moser left, right or two-sided cells, Calogero-Moser cellular characters), completing the notion of Calogero-Moser families defined by Gordon. If moreover is a Coxeter group, they conjectured that these notions coincide with the analogous notions defined using the Hecke algebra by Kazhdan and Lusztig (or Lusztig in the unequal parameters case). In the present paper, we aim to investigate these conjectures whenever is a dihedral group
Computational aspects of Calogero-Moser spaces
No full textInternational audienceWe present a series of algorithms for computing geometric and representationtheoretic invariants of Calogero-Moser spaces and rational Cherednik algebras associated with complex reflection groups. Especially, we are concerned with Calogero-Moser families (which correspond to the -fixed points of the Calogero-Moser space) and cellular characters (a proposed generalization by Rouquier and the first author of Lusztig's constructible characters based on a Galois covering of the Calogero-Moser space). To compute the former, we devised an algorithm for determining generators of the center of the rational Cherednik algebra (this algorithm has several further applications), and to compute the latter we developed an algorithmic approach to the construction of cellular characters via Gaudin operators. We have implemented all our algorithms in the Cherednik Algebra Magma Package (CHAMP) by the second author and used this to confirm open conjectures in several new cases. As an interesting application in birational geometry we are able to determine for many exceptional complex reflection groups the chamber decomposition of the movable cone of a Q-factorial terminalization (and thus the number of non-isomorphic relative minimal models) of the associated symplectic singularity
Computational aspects of Calogero-Moser spaces
No full textWe present a series of algorithms for computing geometric and
representation-theoretic invariants of Calogero-Moser spaces and rational
Cherednik algebras associated to complex reflection groups. Especially, we are
concerned with Calogero-Moser families (which correspond to the
-fixed points of the Calogero-Moser space) and cellular
characters (a proposed generalization by Rouquier and the first author of
Lusztig's constructible characters based on a Galois covering of the
Calogero-Moser space). To compute the former, we devised an algorithm for
determining generators of the center of the rational Cherednik algebra (this
algorithm has several further applications), and to compute the latter we
developed an algorithmic approach to the construction of cellular characters
via Gaudin operators. We have implemented all our algorithms in the Cherednik
Algebra Magma Package (CHAMP) by the second author and used this to confirm
open conjectures in several new cases. As an interesting application in
birational geometry we are able to determine for many exceptional complex
reflection groups the chamber decomposition of the movable cone of a
-factorial terminalization (and thus the number of non-isomorphic
relative minimal models) of the associated symplectic singularity.Comment: 42 page
Classical hydrodynamics of Calogero-Sutherland models
No full textThe Calogero Sutherland model is system of particle moving on a line and interacting with long-range
forces. In this thesis we consider the classical case where the particles may or may not possess a spin degree of freedom. We demonstrate the intimate connection between the Calogero-Sutherland system and the Benjamin Ono equation. We then directly obtain a classical hydrodynamical limit of both the spineless and spinful Calogero system. The continuum limit of the spinless system is known to exhibit solition solutions.
We show numerically that the spinful system also exhibits localized solutions with the soliton property. This
is a strong evidence that the continuum spin-Calogero model is exactly integrable.Item withdrawn by Laura Spradlin ([email protected]) on 2014-07-21T22:07:40Z
Item was in collections:
University of Illinois Theses & Dissertations (ID: 1)
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The impact of Western beauty ideals on the lives of women and men: A sociocultural perspective
No full textAccording to a recent survey of 3,300 girls and women across 10 countries, 90 per cent of all women aged 15 to 64 worldwide want to change at least one aspect of their physical appearance, with body weight ranking the highest (Etcoff, Orbach, Scott, & D’Agostino, 2004). This finding suggests that women’s anxiety about their appearance is a global phenomenon, observed in every country studied from Saudi Arabia to the United States. Beyond body dissatisfaction, a stunning 67 per cent of all women aged 15 to 64 worldwide reported that they actually withdraw from life-engaging, life-sustaining activities due to feeling badly about their looks. These activities include giving an opinion, meeting friends, exercising, going to work, going to school, dating, and going to the doctor
Two new solvable dynamical systems of goldfish type
No full textTwo new solvable dynamical systems of goldfish type are identified, as well as their isochronous variants. The equilibrium configurations of these isochronous variants are simply related to the zeros of appropriate Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials. © 2010 The Author(s)
Appunti per lo stucco «de marmoro» a Bologna nei primi decenni del Cinquecento (con un'ipotesi su Baldassarre Peruzzi)
No full textThis article examines the diffusion of the technique of stucco made of marble powder in Bologna in the first decades of the sixteenth century through unpublished documents. The author argues that architect Baldassarre Peruzzi played a crucial role in the diffusion of this technique in Northern Italy
Viterbo, the civic museum
No full textThe intervention can be delineated in two distinct, but cleary related stages: the first consist in the restoration of the monument by means of a series of solutions, the second is of an exhibitive character, in which the architectural poetic of the author is expressed, consisting of contemporary insertions. The exhibitive vocation of the objects is highlighted by the creation of supports with a minimal, plastic profile, with a distinct and clear tonality. The new architectural plan was realised with the aid of simple, white, circle-section metal, which envelop and present the paintings. The very chromatic schemata of the finishings of the surfaces, grey and blue, ease the reading of the paintings. Minissi had often proposed the suspended and transparent support, so as to offer the maximum visibility of the oeuvre to be examined while, at the same time, reducing to the bare necessities the supports "planted" on the ground in small environments
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