1,722,646 research outputs found
Emission of halocarbons from an hazardous waste landfill in Italy
Full text linkLandfills are sources of fugitive volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions, including
halocarbons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of halogenated VOCs to the
health risks associated with the exposure of workers operating in landfills, gathering information on
the role of endogenous/exogenous sources present in anthropized areas. A hazardous waste landfill
located in Turin, Italy was used as a case study. Ambient concentrations of 10 pollutants (BTEX,
styrene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, and 1,2-
dichloropropane), measured in 10 points of the landfill area, were considered and analyzed. The data
had a monthly frequency and covered two years. A cumulative health risk analysis was conducted by
applying a Monte-Carlo method. The results showed that the contribution of 1,2-dichloroethane and
1,2-dichloropropane was 17.9% and 19.4% for the total risk and hazard index respectively. Benzene
and ethylbenzene gave the highest contribution to the total risk (56.8% and 24.8%, respectively). In
the second phase of the study, waste typologies that are possibly responsible for halocarbon emissions
were investigated. Halocarbon concentration trends and waste disposal records were compared.
Although further investigation is needed, some waste typologies were not excluded to contribute to
halocarbon emissions, in particular sludge coming from wastewater treatment plant
Eradicate Invasive Louisiana Red Swamp and Preserve Native white Clawed Crayfish in Friuli Venezia Giulia
No full textENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENT SCENARIO OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL
No full textIn order to determine the optimal final destination of municipal solid waste, it is necessary to consider both monetary costs and environmental externalities, such as carbon balance and GHG production, as well as the local availability of waste-processing industrial infrastructure. The paper examines the results obtained from a technical, economic and environmental comparison between different scenarios for waste management: in particular the solutions of gasification and pyrolysis were studied and afterwards were compared with direct combustion in incineration plant (from the point of view of the thermal treatment) and final disposal in landfill. In order to perform this analysis 13 plants (thermal treatment and landfill) operating on full scale are analyzed. The comparison took into account environmental, energy and economic aspects. From the environmental and energetically point of view, the tool of mass and energy balance was used to address some key environmental aspects and the global acceptance of these scenarios. In particular some indexes were defined in order to perform a comparison among the different analyzed solutions. As concerns the economic point of view, conventional economic criteria, i.e. investment and operating costs, were considered. The analysis showed from the environmental and energetical point of view conveniences for the examined thermal treatment solutions with the related energy recovery. In conclusion the comparison methodology that has been defined can establish a more general useful approach, in order to help the definition of the best solution for waste management planning
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Evaluation of mutual connections between zero-valent iron reactivity and groundwater composition in trichloroethylene degradation
No full textZero-valent iron Permeable Reactive Barriers (PRBs) are an efficient and relatively low cost in situ technology for the remediation of aquifers polluted by chlorinated solvents. The groundwater composition and the zero-valent iron reactive material are linked by mutual connections. The groundwater, to a certain extent depending on its composition, is able to oxidize the metallic iron, thus decreasing its reactivity; on the other hand, the dechlorination process and the leaching of chemical species from the reactive substrate may deeply modify groundwater composition. In this study the results of some batch and leaching column tests, performed by means of Connelly iron (Environmental Technologies Inc., Canada) and different aqueous phases (distilled water and an artificial groundwater) are compared, to evaluate the influence of groundwater composition on the reactivity of the iron material for trichloroethylene (TCE) remediation. The degradation mechanisms of the pollutant are discussed. On the grounds of the gathered results the aqueous phase composition shows a strong influence on TCE degradation kinetics obtained by means of Connelly iron; in fact the presence of dissolved substances accelerates TCE degradation
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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