1,720,965 research outputs found
Dry powder microneedle-enabled transdermal anti-inflammatory therapy for obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and fatty liver
No full textObese white adipose tissue (WAT) is characterized by hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which are the key drivers of various deleterious diseases. Herein, we demonstrate a new strategy to directly induce ameliorative remodeling of obese subcutaneous WAT (sWAT). Manganese dioxide nanoparticles, which can directly react with hydrogen peroxide and produce oxygen, and has nanocatalytic abilities mimicking superoxide dismutase and catalase, is transdermally delivered together with a natural antioxidant resveratrol, leading to reduction of oxidative stress, hypoxia, and consequently suppression of inflammation in obese sWAT. The localized treatment not only leads to remodeling of the targeted sWAT and large reduction of its mass, but also improves whole-body metabolism as evidenced by total relief of diabetes, and significant decrease of visceral fat, liver fat, hyperlipidemia, and systemic inflammation. For self-administrable and minimally-invasive transdermal delivery, a new type of microneedle is designed, which is made purely by dry powders of the therapeutics and offers a loading capacity 2 orders higher than the conventional microneedles. Moreover, the intricate signaling pathways underlying this transdermal anti-inflammatory therapy are revealed
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Enhancing Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction of Ru Nanowire by Atomic Decoration of Pt
No full textAchieving efficient electrochemical nitrogen reduction (ENRR) remains as a great challenge. Therefore, it is demanded to develop new strategy for ENRR catalyst engineering. Herein, we demonstrate largely improved ENRR by controllably engineering Ru nanowires with atomic decoration of Pt. Specifically, the readily synthesized Ru88Pt12 nanowire exhibits a high NH3 production rate of 47.1 μg h-1 mgcat-1 and Faradaic efficiency of 8.9% at -0.2 V, which are 5.3 and 14.6 times higher than those from Ru nanowire. And it shows outstanding stability as evidenced by full preservation in the NH3 yield and Faradaic efficiency even after 15 h electrocatalysis. As revealed by the theoretical investigation, d-band center of Ru atom is upshifted by the tensile strain due to the presence of Pt atoms, leading to selective enhancement of N2 adsorption and stabilization of N2H*. Such atomic engineering method may be applied to precisely tailor other metal nanocatalysts for different applications
Facet-Dependent Catalytic Performance of Au Nanocrystals for Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction
No full textNanostructured metal catalysts have attracted great interest due to their extraordinary performance for electrocatalysis including electrochemical nitrogen reduction (ENRR). However, their working mechanisms for ENRR are still not fully understood. Herein, seven monofaceted polyhedral Au nanocrystals were synthesized and systemically compared to elucidate the relation between Au crystal facets and NRR performance. It is found that polyhedra with high-index facets catalytically outperform those with low-index facets. Specifically, Au nanostars enclosed with (321) facets show a high NH3 production rate of 2.6 μg h–1 cm–2 (20 μg h–1 mg–2) and faradaic efficiency of 10.2% at −0.2 V, which are 3.1- and 5.1-folds larger than those of nanocubes enclosed with (100) facets. As revealed by theoretical investigation, a larger energy barrier for reduction of H+ to H* (ΔGH*) hinders occurrence of HER on the Au(321) surface, thus ensuring better NRR selectivity. Meanwhile, a lower energy barrier for formation of N2H2* on the catalyst surface and a larger energy barrier for decomposing the formed N2H2* back into N2 and 2H* jointly favor a higher NH3 production rate. This study provides mechanistic insights into ENRR and rational design of metal nanocrystals for electrocatalysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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