1,721,008 research outputs found
Sexual exploitation and the State
Get PDF"By the end of this chapter, you will understand more about:
• the effects of social, political and economic inequalities within the state and between the Global North and South on sexual exploitation
• how to explore the phenomenon of online and localised grooming with reference to technology, ‘race’, class, gender and institutional failure
• the process whereby states use fear of sexual exploitation to justify the tightening of border control and the deportation of migrants
• the lack of widespread criminalisation of demand in prostitution and sex tourism, and what this implies.
Pleasurable risk
Get PDFIn this chapter, we explore sexualised risk and its intersection with harm and pleasure. We do this by analysing three case studies against a contemporary background of anxiety about public health, the role that pleasurable violence should have in society, homophobia, racism and misogyny. Drawing on examples principally taken from the UK and the USA, we explore how these instances of pleasurable sexualised risk-taking have evolved, and how, as criminologists, we might think about them. To do this, we revisit the themes of consent, resistance and harm that we have already seen in Chapters 2 and 4. We add to this a more explicit discussion of risk, and how risky leisure may be conceptualised
Spirooxazine loading effects on the photochromism of polymer films
No full textSpirooxazines are well-known photochromic dyes that, upon proper illumination, convert between uncolored/ coloured forms. In order to take advantage of their photoswitchable properties, one strategy is represented by their encapsulation in transparent host matrices, like polymers, which may improve the performance of the material, thanks to a major protection from oxidative degradation, or induce a variation of the optical properties, since the photochromic systems are affected by the surrounding environment. The fine-tuning and the strict control of the photochromic behaviour of the polymeric films is extremely appealing for several purposes, going from optical switches to sensors and light harvesting devices.One of the most elegant ways to exploit the photochromic characteristic of these materials is the controlled switch of the colour and the colouring/bleaching rate of a single photochromic system, since this versatility can open the possibility to use the same material for different applications.Therefore, a study of the modulation of the colourability and the colouring/bleaching rates of two spirooxazines in different polymeric matrices is herein reported. The influence of the photochromic concentration and the chemical nature of the polymeric matrix on the photophysical behaviour of the proposed systems is investigated to achieve a photochromic/polymeric dual system with tailored properties.The optical characterization of increasing concentrations of photochromic compound in solution was essential for the design of colour-defined polymeric films, highlighting, indeed, a correlation between photochromic concentration and colour switching from blue to pink, effect assigned to formation of aggregate species.By the proper choice of photochromic concentration and polymeric matrix, solid films showing great photoconversion efficiency and different colours were achieved under irradiation, together with the possibility to modulate the bleaching rate from few seconds to tens of minutes. Furthermore, polymeric films with different colours before irradiation could be produced as well.The obtained results open the possibility of a multi-purpose use of a photochromic system by simply varying its concentration within the polymeric film. Moreover, interesting colouring effect can be obtained by changing the polymeric matrix, therefore further widening their applicability
Theory: how to think about sex and crime
Get PDFUnderstanding theories of crime helps us to do two things. It helps us to look for things that we may not see at first glance, or that we may not have thought about looking for; and it helps us to understand the priorities and biases of dominant theories. Theory runs through all of what we know about sex and crime, so it might seem strange for us to have created a standalone chapter about it. We have chosen to do this in order to demonstrate how theories which are key to our understanding of sex and crime can be applied to particular problems in order to understand them better. In this chapter, we summarise six different theoretical approaches that we think are helpful, and then apply these approaches to a case to demonstrate how each theoretical approach can help us see the same story, idea, occurrence or practice in several different ways
The Future
Get PDFIn this chapter, we try to look forward, heeding our knowledge of the past and present to ask questions about what might be important, or necessary, issues to address in the future. Of course, none of us has a crystal ball. We can speculate about what the big questions will be, but we cannot know for certain. And each of us, including you, will have different ideas about what is on the horizon
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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