1,721,001 research outputs found
To the Editor
No full text[No abstract available]CABANNES R, 1965, NOUV REV FR HEMATOL, V5, P851; KHOURI FP, 1986, LEBANON MED J S2, V36, P69; Makhoul NJ, 2005, ANN HUM GENET, V69, P55, DOI 10.1046-j.1529-8817.2004.00138.x; Zahed L, 1997, HUM HERED, V47, P241, DOI 10.1159-000154419; Zahed L, 1997, PRENATAL DIAG, V17, P423, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1097-0223(199705)17:5423::AID-PD683.0.CO;2-P0
Genetic evidence for an origin of the Armenians from Bronze Age mixing of multiple populations
Full text linkThe Armenians are a culturally isolated population who historically inhabited a region in the Near East bounded by the Mediterranean and Black seas and the Caucasus, but remain under-represented in genetic studies and have a complex history including a major geographic displacement during World War I. Here, we analyse genome-wide variation in 173 Armenians and compare them with 78 other worldwide populations. We find that Armenians form a distinctive cluster linking the Near East, Europe, and the Caucasus. We show that Armenian diversity can be explained by several mixtures of Eurasian populations that occurred between ∼3000 and ∼2000 bce, a period characterized by major population migrations after the domestication of the horse, appearance of chariots, and the rise of advanced civilizations in the Near East. However, genetic signals of population mixture cease after ∼1200 bce when Bronze Age civilizations in the Eastern Mediterranean world suddenly and violently collapsed. Armenians have since remained isolated and genetic structure within the population developed ∼500 years ago when Armenia was divided between the Ottomans and the Safavid Empire in Iran. Finally, we show that Armenians have higher genetic affinity to Neolithic Europeans than other present-day Near Easterners, and that 29% of Armenian ancestry may originate from an ancestral population that is best represented by Neolithic Europeans
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Nicotine metabolism in healthy smokers and patients with cardiovascular diseases
No full textIn this study, we measured the excretion rate of nicotine and its two major metabolites, cotinine and trans-3′-hydroxycotinine (THOC), in the urine of 25 healthy smokers and 15 smokers who underwent a coronary artery bypass surgery or coronary angioplasty. After 1 day of smoking cessation, urine samples were collected in the morning, before smoking two cigarettes, and then three times after smoking, approximately 4 h apart. The results show that (i) in healthy smokers, nicotine and its two major metabolites were present at high concentration in the first urine sample after smoking, (ii) in smokers with cardiovascular disease nicotine and cotinine were less excreted whereas THOC was more excreted, mainly in the second urine sample. We conclude that this shift in nicotine metabolism may contribute to smoking-induced cardiovascular disease. © Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2005.BENOWITZ NL, 1982, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V221, P368; BENOWITZ NL, 1994, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V268, P296; BENOWITZ NL, 1991, ADV PHAR SC, P579; Benowitz NL, 2001, BRIT J CLIN PHARMACO, V51, P53, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2125.2001.01309.x; BYRD GD, 1992, DRUG METAB DISPOS, V20, P192; Chahine R, 1996, MED SCI RES, V24, P21; CHAHINE R, 1993, MED SCI RES, V21, P421; CHAHINE R, 1991, ADV PHAR SC, P171; Cope G, 1996, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V256, P135, DOI 10.1016-S0009-8981(96)06417-0; Groeger AM, 1997, ANTICANCER RES, V17, P2849; Hansen AM, 2001, CLIN CHIM ACTA, V304, P125, DOI 10.1016-S0009-8981(00)00415-0; Haufroid V, 1998, INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA, V71, P162, DOI 10.1007-s004200050266; Ji AJ, 1999, CLIN CHEM, V45, P85; Messina ES, 1997, J PHARMACOL EXP THER, V282, P1608; Nakajima M, 2000, CLIN PHARMACOL THER, V67, P57, DOI 10.1067-mcp.2000.103957; Nemr R, 2003, PROSTAG LEUKOTR ESS, V68, P191, DOI 10.1016-S0952-3278(02)00229-6; Riah O, 1999, TOXICOL LETT, V109, P21, DOI 10.1016-S0378-4274(99)00070-3; ROP PP, 1993, J CHROMATOGR-BIOMED, V612, P302, DOI 10.1016-0378-4347(93)80177-6; Tricker AR, 2003, TOXICOLOGY, V183, P151, DOI 10.1016-S0300-483X(02)00513-9; Zevin S, 1999, CLIN PHARMACOKINET, V36, P425, DOI 10.2165-00003088-199936060-0000412
Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Report of a rare mutation in EDA1 [Dysplasie ectodermique anhidrotique familiale : une mutation rare du gène EDA1]
No full textBackground: Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia is a rare inherited disorder seen mainly in the X-linked recessive form. We report the case of a Lebanese family in which the mother transmitted an uncommon missense mutation to three of her sons. Patients and methods: A 23-year-old patient presented with keloids in nodular acne. The physical examination showed fine and sparse hair, thick everted lips and dental defects. A detailed history revealed congenital anhidrosis. The patient's, seven-year-old and four-year-old brothers had the same characteristic facial morphology and were also presenting anhidrosis. The mother had hypodontia. The parents, though not consanguineous, were from the same village. Genetic testing with sequencing of the EDA1 gene revealed a missense mutation affecting codon 155. Discussion: Ectodermal dysplasias are currently found in more than 150 syndromes. The patient's history and the clinical signs suggest the X-linked recessive form of anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia due to a mutation in EDA1 gene encoding the ectodysplasin. The mutation found in this family is very rare and was mentioned once in a study on splicing forms that permit detection of all EDA1 mutations. Besides, this patient tolerated oral isotretinoin perfectly well, unlike another case reported once in the literature. Finally, genetic counselors must inform carrier mothers of the high recurrence rate among male offspring. © 2008 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.Bal E, 2007, HUM MUTAT, V28, P703, DOI 10.1002-humu.20500; Chassaing N, 2006, HUM MUTAT, V27, P255, DOI 10.1002-humu.20295; Freire-Maia N, 1988, Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser, V24, P3; FREIREMAIA N, 1980, INT J DERMATOL, V19, P455, DOI 10.1111-j.1365-4362.1980.tb05898.x; Hadj-Rabia S, 2002, ANN DERMATOL VENER, V129, P277; Headon DJ, 2001, NATURE, V414, P913, DOI 10.1038-414913a; Itin PH, 2004, AM J MED GENET C, V131C, P45, DOI 10.1002-ajmg.c.30033; Kirby B, 1999, BRIT J DERMATOL, V141, P175; Lamartine J, 2003, CLIN EXP DERMATOL, V28, P351, DOI 10.1046-j.1365-2230.2003.01319.x; Monreal AW, 1998, AM J HUM GENET, V63, P380, DOI 10.1086-301984; Plottova-Puech I, 2002, ANN DERMATOL VENER, V129, P1276; Priolo M, 2001, J MED GENET, V38, P579, DOI 10.1136-jmg.38.9.579; Sybert VP, 1997, GENETIC SKIN DISORDE; Yavuz I, 2006, ARCH MED RES, V37, P403, DOI 10.1016-j.arcmed.2005.06.01612
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
