1,720,968 research outputs found
Whole genome analysis of tick-borne encephalitis virus isolated from patients and impact of virus variants on pathogenesis and course of disease
No full textKlopni meningoencefalitis (KME), ki ga povzroča virus klopnega meningoencefalitisa (KMEV), je najpomembnejša virusna okužba osrednjega živčevja, ki jo prenašajo klopi v Evropi. Okužba s KMEV lahko variira od asimptomatske, vročinske bolezni, do hude oblike z nevrološkimi znaki, vendar vzroki za tako raznolik potek bolezni pri posamezniku še niso pojasnjeni. Poleg imunskih dejavnikov gostitelja na patogenezo v veliki meri vpliva tudi virus, vendar ga je, zaradi kratke in nizke viremije, izjemno težko pridobiti neposredno iz kliničnih vzorcev bolnikov. Namen doktorske raziskave je bil analizirati genetsko raznolikost evropskega podtipa virusa KME v Sloveniji in pojavnost mutacij pri posameznih potekih KME. V doktorskem delu smo pripravili specifične začetne oligonukleotide in razvili amplikonski sistem sekvenciranja, ki omogočajo določanje celotnega genoma KMEV neposredno v kliničnih vzorcih. Uspešno smo določili 94 zaporedij genomov KMEV iz krvi, 3 iz likvorja in 6 iz urina bolnikov. Ugotovili smo statistično značilno povezavo med številčnejšimi konsenznimi sinonimnimi mutacijami in blagim potekom KME v proteinu E ter našli enak trend za protein NS5. Dolžina 3\u27UTR se ni razlikovala med blagim in hudim potekom bolezni. V vzorcih smo dokazali 7 mutacij, ki so jih že predhodno opisali v literaturi, in jih povezali z virulenco KMEV. Dodatno smo odkrili 105 mutacij, značilnih za posamezno oblike KME: 7 mutacij, značilnih za abortivno obliko, 65 mutacij, značilnih za meningoencefalitis, in 33 mutacij, značilnih za meningoencefalomielitis. Od tega je bilo 92 mutacij sinonimnih in le 9 nesinonimnih, 4 mutacije pa smo našli v neprevajajočih regijah. Največ mutacij smo našli v genih, ki zapisujejo za proteine NS5, NS3 in v M. Z doktorsko raziskavo smo vzpostavili edinstveno zbirko prvofaznih vzorcev in kot prvi na svetu proučili genetsko variabilnost KMEV neposredno v kliničnih vzorcih in odkrili potencialne nove virulenčne označevalce.Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), caused by tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), is the most important tick-borne viral infection of the central nervous system in Europe. TBEV infection can range from an asymptomatic, febrile illness to a severe illness with neurological symptoms, but the reasons for wide range of clinical pictures in individuals are still largely unknown. In addition to host immune factors, pathogenesis is also influenced by the virus, but due to its short and low viremia, it is extremely difficult to obtain viral genome directly from clinical samples. The aim of the study was to analyse the genetic diversity of the European subtype of TBEV in Slovenia and the frequency of mutations in different clinical forms of TBE. We developed specific primers and a protocol for an amplicon sequencing that allows determination of the complete TBEV genome directly in clinical samples. We successfully obtained the complete TBEV genome from 94 blood samples, 3 from cerebrospinal fluid and 6 from urine samples. We found a statistically significant association between more frequent synonymous consensus mutations and a milder TBE course for protein E and found the same trend for protein NS5. The length of the 3\u27UTR did not differ between mild and severe disease. We validated 7 mutations previously reported in the literature. In addition, we described 105 new mutations specific for each clinical form: 7 specific for the abortive form, 65 specific for meningoencephalitis, and 33 specific for meningoencephalomyelitis. Of these, 92 mutations were synonymous and 9 were nonsynonymous, and 4 were found in untranslated regions. Most mutations were found in the NS5, NS3, and M proteins. This study represents a unique collection of first phase of TBE samples and is the first study to directly investigate the genetic variability of TBEV in clinical samples and discover a potential new virulence markers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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