621 research outputs found
Figure 3 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous baurusuchid crocodile Baurusuchus albertoi Nascimento & Zaher 2010, and its phylogenetic affinities
No full textFigure 3. Right lateral view of the skull of Baurusuchus albertoi. The descending lateral process of the squamosal was removed. Abbreviations: ap, anterior palpebral; ect, ectopterygoid; f, foramen; itf, infratemporal fenestra; j, jugal; oc, otic cavity; or, orbit; po, postorbital; pp, posterior palpebral; pt, pterygoid; q, quadrate; qd, quadrate depression; qj, quadratojugal; sq, squamosal. Scale bar = 1 cm.Published as part of Nascimento, Paulo Miranda & Zaher, Hussam, 2011, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163 (5) on pages 644-645, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00708.x, http://zenodo.org/record/544149
Magliophis Zaher et al. 2009
No full textGenus Magliophis Zaher et al., 2009 Type species. Dromicus exiguus Cope, 1862 [1863]: 79. Diagnosis. Species in this genus have 19 midbody scale rows, 137–165 ventrals, 71–102 subcaudals, no apical scale pits, eight upper labials, and nine lower labials (Table 2). Magliophis differs from each of the other alsophiine genera in at least one of those characters. Content. Two species (three species + subspecies) are included in the genus (Table 1). Distribution. Species of Magliophis are distributed throughout the Puerto Rican Bank (Fig. 2). Remarks. Species of Magliophis (Fig. 3 F) are small racers (438 mm, maximum snout-vent length, SVL) that occur sympatrically with the larger racers of the Genus Borikenophis on the Puerto Rican Bank. The two included species were previously placed in the Genus Arrhyton. The phylogenetic trees (Figs. 1 and 4) show that Magliophis stahli is quite divergent from M. exiguus, which agrees with morphology (Schwartz 1967) and supports its recognition as a distinct species rather than subspecies. Zaher et al. (2009) described this genus based on hemipenial characters in the species M. exiguus. Oddly, that species was omitted from their molecular phylogeny even though it was present in the data set of Vidal et al (2000), and corresponding sequences were available in GenBank.Published as part of Hedges, Blair, Couloux, Arnaud & Vidal, Nicolas, 2009, Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae), pp. 1-28 in Zootaxa 2067 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18701
Figure 1 in The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited
No full textFigure 1. Holotype of Dinilysia patagonica (MLP 26–410). Skull in dorsal (A), ventral (B), right lateral (C), and posterior (D) views; fragmentary right dentary in lingual (E) and medial (F) views; right compound bone in dorsal view (G) and left compound bone in dorsolateral view (H).Published as part of Zaher, Hussam & Scanferla, Carlos Agustín, 2012, The skull of the Upper Cretaceous snake Dinilysia patagonica Smith-Woodward, 1901, and its phylogenetic position revisited, pp. 194-238 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1) on page 196, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00755.x, http://zenodo.org/record/540555
Morphological variation of the rare psammophilous species Apostolepis gaboi (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Elapomorphini)
No full textGuedes, Thaís B., Barbo, Fausto E., França, Daniella, Zaher, Hussam (2018): Morphological variation of the rare psammophilous species Apostolepis gaboi (Serpentes, Dipsadidae, Elapomorphini). Zootaxa 4418 (5): 469-480, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.5.
Leposternon bagual Ribeiro, Santos-Jr & Zaher, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textLeposternon bagual sp. nov. (Figs. 1–4) Leposternon microcephalum — Scrocchi & Giraudo (2005: 163, 181) Leposternon microcephalum (partim)—Ribeiro et al. (2008: 35) Holotype. FML 11319 (field number REB 21242), an adult female from El Bagual Ecological Reserve (26 º 10 ’ 53 ’’S; 58 º 56 ’ 39 ’’W), Province of Formosa, Department of Laishi, Argentina, collected in 0 5 February 2002, collector unknown (Figs. 1, 2). Paratypes. FML 11312 (field number REB 20887), a male collected in 0 1 October 1992; FML 11313 (field number REB 20888), a female collected in 14 June 1992; FML 11318 (field number REB 1227), a female collected in 0 1 February 1993; all three paratypes from El Bagual Ecological Reserve (26 º 10 ’ 53 ’’S; 58 º 56 ’ 39 ’’W), Province of Formosa, Department of Laishi, Argentina; collector unknown. Diagnosis. Leposternon bagual sp. nov. is a medium-sized amphisbaenian (largest specimen total length 309.5 mm) and can be characterized as a Leposternon and distinguished from all South American amphisbaenians by having the nostril openings on the ventral surface of snout, rostral and nasals fused into a single shield, gular portion without segmental cover and prefrontal bones in facial view with nasal process long and ‘T’ shaped (details of skull in Gans & Montero 2009) (Ribeiro et al. 2008). Additionally, the new species differs from all other South American amphisbaenians, except Leposternon spp. and Amphisbaena anomala (Barbour, 1914), in having the frontal portion of the head greatly depressed and pectoral shields irregular (not arranged in dermal regular annuli). It differs from the other species of the genus by the presence of rostral processes in the maxillae and nasals that contact each other in the facial portion of the skull (Fig. 3, Table 1). The new species further differs from L. cerradensis Ribeiro, Vaz-Silva & Santos-Jr, 2008, L. infraorbitale (Berthold, 1859), L. microcephalum, L. octostegum (Duméril, 1851), L. scutigerum (Hemprich, 1820) and L. wuchereri (Peters, 1879) by the presence of 3 infralabial shields; and from L. cerradensis, L. kisteumacheri Porto, Soares & Caramaschi, 2000, L. maximus Ribeiro, Nogueira, Cintra, Silva Jr. & Zaher, 2011, and L. polystegum (Duméril, 1851) by lacking precloacals pores. Leposternon bagual is further characterized by the following combination of pholidotic, meristic, cranial, and morphometric characters (see also Table 1 for a synthesis of diagnostic features within the genus): 1) two supralabials; 2) supraocular present; 3) 240–267 dorsal postpectoral half-annuli; 4) 206–214 ventral postpectoral half-annuli; 5) 11–12 tail annuli; 6) 27–29 dorsal segments in midbody half-annulus; 7) 23–27 ventral segments in midbody half-annulus; 8) 96 precloacal vertebrae; 9) many small and irregularly shaped pectoral shields (Fig. 1 D); 10) adults specimens dark brown dorsally; 11) five premaxillary teeth; 12) four maxillary teeth; 13) six dentary teeth; 14) rostral process of nasal present; 15) rostral process of maxilla present; 16) premaxillary foramina present; 17) head length with 3.5–4.5 % of snout-vent length; 18) rostronasal length with 22.6–23.5 % of head length; 19) rostronasal width with 64.0– 68.1 % of the greatest width of head; 20) azygous length with 29.3 –35.0% of head length; 21) azygous width representing 35.6–45.8 % of the greatest width of head; 22) frontal suture length with 25.3–25.5 % of head length; 23) parietal suture with 9.8–13.9 % of head length; 24) temporal length with 18.9 – 22.0% of head length; 25) temporal width with 13.2–17.8 % of head width; 26) prefrontals length with 23.0– 26.8 % of head length; 27) prefrontals width with 38.3–41.7 % of head width; 28) height posterior of head comprising 69.0– 72.5 % of head length; 30) comissure of the mouth length comprising 53.4–59.1 % of head length; 29) midbody width with 3.2–4.4 % of snout-vent length; and 30) tail length representing 4.9–5.6 % of snout-vent length. Description of the holotype. The specimen is an adult female with 257 mm snout-vent length and 14.5 mm tail length (5.6 % of total length); midbody diameter 9.2 mm; tail diameter of five annuli 8.9 mm; head length 9.0 mm (3.5 % of snout-vent length); head anterior height 2.8 mm; head posterior height 6.5 mm; head anterior width 2.8 mm; and head posterior width 6.8 mm (Figs. 1, 2). Dorsal portion of the head with four transversal row shields (Figs. 1 A, 2 A). Rostronasal 1.1 times wider than long and 0.1 times wider than its heigth, in contact with the first supralabials laterally, and azygous and prefrontals posteriorly. Nostrils opening in the ventral portion of rostronasal scutes. Prefrontals, azygous and supraoculars slightly fused (Figs. 1 A, 2 A). Prefrontals with irregular shape, slightly fused with azygous, almost as long (2.2 mm) as wide (2.6 mm), in contact with first supralabials laterally, and azygous and supraocular posteriorly. Azygous with anterior portion project (Figs. 1 A, 2 A) and posterior portion straight, 0.2 times longer than wide, in contact with the supraoculars laterally, and frontals posteriorly (Figs. 1 A, 2 A). Supraocular slightly quadrangular, 0.2 times wider than long, in contact with temporal posteriorly. Frontals paired (suture length 1.9 mm), anterior portion projected and posterior portion straight, almost as long (2.28 mm) as wide (2.31 mm), in contact with temporals laterally and parietals posteriorly. Temporals slightly rectangular, 0.5 times longer than wide, disposed on each side of frontals (Figs. 1 A, 2 A), in contact with laterals parietals posteriorly. A pair of medial parietals (suture length 1.2 mm) (Figs. 1 A, 2 A), roughly rectangular, 0.4 times wider than long, in contact with lateral parietals laterally and occipitals posteriorly. One small lateral parietal on each side of the pair of medial parietals, both with irregular shape, in contact with temporals anteriorly and body annuli posteriorly. A pair of occipitals, with irregular shape and size, in contact with the first row of dorsal anterior half-annuli posteriorly. Ocular slightly quadrangular, 0.3 times longer than high, in contact with first infralabial, anteriorly, and inferior portion of the second supralabial and postocular posteriorly. Two supralabials. First supralabial larger than second supralabial, 0.7 times longer than high, 1.9 times longer and 0.4 times higher than second supralabial, in contact with the second supralabials posteriorly. Second supralabial slightly rectangular, 0.2 times its width, higher than long, and in contact with three postlabials posteriorly (Figs. 1 B, 2 B). Three postlabials of reduced size, the smallest one located at the inferior portion of the second supralabial (Figs. 1 B, 2 B). Three infralabials, with the first one slightly triangular and in contact with the mental laterally and second infralabial posteriorly; the second one relatively narrow (3.3 times longer than the first infralabial), in contact with postmental and malars laterally and third infralabial posteriorly; the third one slightly rectangular, 0.2 times longer than first infralabial, in contact with postlabials and lateral malar laterally (Figs. 1 C, 2 C). Mental with posterior margin 0.55 times wider than anterior margin, in contact with postmental posteriorly. Postmental 0.4 times longer than wide, with anterior portion straight and posterior projected, in contact with malar and posterior malar intern laterally and genials posteriorly. Two small, irregularly shaped genials, disposed posteriorly to postmental. An elongated teardrop shaped malar, disposed on either sides of the post-mental, 1.4 times longer than wide, contacting posterior malars posteriorly. Two posterior malars located between the postmental and the lateral malar; the medial one in contact with the postmental and the outermost malar; and lateral one in contact with the lateral malar. Lateral malar 0.5 times longer than wide, tapering anterolaterally and rounded posteriorly, in contact with the postmalar row. Postmalar row formed by 10 small shields. Dorsal and ventral portions of the body divided by a lateral groove; dorsal region further divided by a vertebral groove; lateral grooves absent in the tail. Pectoral scales diamond-shaped, with central scales larger than lateral scales (Figs. 1 D, 2 D). Eighteen dorsal anterior half-annuli, 253 dorsal postpectoral half annuli plus two incomplete half-annuli, 214 ventral postpectoral half-annuli, five lateral half-annuli, and 12 tail annuli. Twenty eigth dorsal segments per half-annulus at midbody, 23 ventral segments per half-annulus at midbody, and 35 segments forming the fifth tail annulus. Anal flaps semicircular, 1.0 times longer than half-annuli, with 11 narrow segments (Figs. 1 E, 2 E). Ninety six precloacal vertebrae, with dorsal and ventral half-annuli around the body being more than twice the number of vertebrae. Color of holotype in preservative. Head, trunk and tail are uniform dark brown, except for the belly that is whitish. Variation. Variation on the meristic and morphometric characteristics of the paratypes is presented in Table 2 and in the Figure 4. Additionally, the paratypes show some variation in the disposition and morphology of the cephalic shields in comparison to the holotype. FML 11312 has a poorly defined anterior border of the frontal; the posterior border of the left parietal is elongated, occupying the space where the occipital shield would be located on the right side. FML 11313 shows partially fused parietal and occipital shields. FML 11313 shows a pre-frontal portion with numerous diminute, irregularly shaped shields, a frontal portion with a rounded anterior border; and a tuberculate dorsal portion of the tail. Etymology. The specific epithet for the new species is used here as a noun in apposition, an allusion to the ecological reserve where the new species has been collected (El Bagual Reserve). The word bagual comes originally from the indigenous word cahual, which in Araucana culture (native inhabitants of Chile and Argentina) is applied to cattle (Di-Giacomo & Krapovickas 2005). Among other denominations, bagual is used by “Gauchos” to define a wild horse. TABLE 1. Pholidotic, cranial, and morphometric characters for the species of the genus Leposternon. Pholidosis: IL, Infralabial; PPO, precloacal pores; SL, Supralabial; DOA, Dorsal postpectoral halfannuli; VEA, Ventral postpectoral half-annuli; TA, Tail annuli; DS, Dorsal segments in midbody half-annulus; VS, Ventral segments in midbody half-annulus; PVE, Precloacal vertebrae; PEC, pectoral shields; COL, colorations specimens adults. Skull: PMXT, premaxillary teeth; MXT, maxillary teeth; DT, dentary teeth; RPN, rostral process of nasal; RPMX, rostral process of maxilla; FPMX, foramina of premaxilla. Morphometrics: HL/SVL, head length/snout-vent length expressed as a percentage; SSLL /HL, second supralabial length/head length expressed as a percentage (analyzed only in species with supralabials); RL/HL, rostronasal length/head length expressed as a percentage; RW/HW, rostronasal length/greatest width of head expressed as a percentage and analyze; RH/HH, rostronasal height/posterior height of head expressed as a percentage; AZL/HL, azygous length/head length expressed as a percentage; AZW/HW, azygous width/posterior height of head expressed as a percentage; AZL/FW, azygous length/azygous width expressed as a percentage; FSL /HL, frontal suture length/head length expressed as a percentage; PL/HL, parietal suture length/head length expressed as a percentage; TL/HL, temporal length/head length expressed as a percentage; TW/HW, temporal width/head head width expressed as a percentage; PFL/HL, prefrontal length/head length expressed as a percentage; PFW/HW, prefrontals width/head width expresses as a percentage; HH/HL, head posterior height/head length expressed as a percentage; CML /HL, commissure of the mouth length/head length expressed as a percentage; MB/SVL midbody width/snout-vent length expressed as a percentage; TL/SVL, tail length/snout-vent length expressed as a percentage; SD, standard deviation. Diagnostic characters are given in bold. Charact Species of Leposternon ers bagual cerradensis infraorbitale kisteumacheri maximus microcephalum octostegum polystegum scutigerum wuchereri 3 / 3 2 / 2 2 / 2 3 / 3 3 / 3 2 / 2 1 / 1 3 / 3 1 / 1 1-2 / 1-2 PPO Absent 2-4 Absent 2 2 Absent Absent 2-4 Absent Absent 2 / 2 2 / 2 3 / 3 2 / 2 2 / 2 2 / 2 1 / 1 3 / 3 2 / 2 1-2 / 1-2 SOC 1 / 1 Absent 1 / 1 0-1 / 0-1 1 / 1 1 / 1 Absent Absent Absent 1 / 1 DOA 240-267 299-341 250-292 244-271 404-448 204-255 353-398 253-363 259-295 231-263 (n = 4; Mean = (n = 6; Mean = (n = 20; Mean (n = 5; Mean = (n = 11; Mean (n = 119; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 30; Mean (n = 5; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = 256; SD ± 13) 317.2; SD ± = 270,0; SD ± 256.2; SD ± = 424.9; SD ± = 228.1; SD ± 372.3; SD ± = 302.8; SD ± 270.2; SD ± 247.0; SD ± 16.4) 11.7) 11.0) 14.1) 7.6) 20.5) 31.0) 14.2) 14.4) VEA 206–214 302-333 229-285 246-259 408-448 192-229 342-390 252-349 250-278 226-254 (n = 4; Mean = (n = 6; Mean = (n = 20; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 11; Mean (n = 120; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 30 Mean = (n = 5; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = 211; SD ± 3) 319.3; SD ± = 250.4; SD ± 253.5; SD ± = 426.9; SD ± = 207.6; SD ± 363.8; SD ± 294.2; SD ± 261.6; SD ± 239.0; SD ± 17.9) 15.0) 5.4) 11.3) 11.1) 19.8) 27.3) 11.5) 11.0) 11-12 13- 15 9-13 12-14 14- 16 8-14 11 9- 18 12-14 11-13 (n = 4) (n = 6; Mean = (n = 20; Mean (n = 5; Mean = (n = 11; Mean (n = 120; X (n = 4) (n = 30; Mean (n = 5; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = 13.7; SD ± 0.8) = 10.9; SD ± 13; SD ± 0.7) = 14.7; SD ± Mean = 10.7; = 13.4; SD ± 12.6; SD ± 0.9) 12.4; SD ± 0.9) 1.0) 0.5) SD ± 1.0) 1.9) 27–29 32-37 22-28 20-33 24-33 17-31 27-34 22-41 21-27 16-19 (n = 4; Mean = (n = 6; Mean = (n = 20; Mean (n = 5; Mean = (n = 11; Mean (n = 117; Mean (n = 3; Mean = (n = 30; Mean (n = 5; Mean = (n = 4; Mean = 28; SD ± 1) 34.8; SD ± 1.7) = 25.1; SD ± 26.8; SD ± 4.7) = 28.2; SD ± = 21.3; SD ± 30.7; SD ± 3.5) = 29.4; SD ± 23.2; SD ± 2.4) 17.5; SD ± 1.3) 1.8) 2.6) 2.1) 3.6) 23–27 30-36 25-35 22-32 23-32 17-31 27-28 20-33 25-29 16-21 (n = 4; Mean = (n = 6; Mean = (n = 20; Mean (n = 5; Mean = (n = 11; Mean (n = 115; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 30; Mean (n = 5; Mean = (n = 4; Mean = 24; SD ± 2) 32.7; SD ± 2.5) = 30.1; SD ± 27.4; SD ± 3.6) = 28.5; SD ± = 22.6; SD ± 27.7; SD = 0.6) = 25.0; SD ± 27.4; SD ± 1.7) 18.3; SD ± 2.1) 3.1) 4.0) 2.5) 3.1) PVE 96 118-121 92-98 118 (n = 1) not available 92-102 144 (n = 1) 117-131 (n = 2) 117-124 (n = 2) 91 (n = 1) (n = 1) (n= 4; Mean = (n = 4; Mean = (n = 43; means 119.2; SD 1.3) 95.0; SD ± 2.4) = 97.1; SD ± 12.2) ……continued on the next page TABLE 1. (Continued) TABLE 1. (Continued) Charact Species of Leposternon ers bagual cerradensis infraorbitale kisteumacheri maximus microcephalum octostegum polystegum scutigerum wuchereri AZL/H 29.3 –35.0% 40.1–51.4 % 29.9–41.1 % 35.4–40.5 % 39.9–48.9 % 22.7–43.2 % not applicable, 15.2–27.2 % Not applicable, 41.9–50.3 % (n = 3; Mean = (n = 6; Mean = (n = 16; Mean (n = 3; Mean = (n = 8; Mean = (n = 96; Mean shield probably (n = 14; Mean shield absent. (n = 4; Mean = 33.0; SD ± 3.3) 40.7; SD ± 4.4) = 36.2; SD ± 37.4; SD ± 2.8) 45.02; SD ± 3.1) = 29.6; SD ± fused with = 18.8; SD ± 46.2; SD ± 3.8) 3.1) 3.8) frontals 3.2) AZW/ 35.6–45.8 % 35.5–48.6 % 36.1 –58.0% 25.5–34.6 % 29.6–69.2 % 29.6–58.8 % 61.2–84.7 % 13.7–20.4 % Not applicable, 59.0– 67.4 % (n = 3; Mean = (n = 6; Mean= (n = 16; Mean (n = 3; Mean = (n = 11; Mean (n = 105; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 12; Mean shield absent. (n = 4; Mean = 40.2; SD ± 5.2) 43.8; SD ± 4.4) = 44.9; SD ± 29.8; SD ± 4.6) = 56.9; SD ± = 44.0; SD ± 68.9; SD ± = 16.9; SD ± 63.0; SD ± 4.3) 5.6) 10.9) 5.7) 10.7) 2.4) /H 25.3–25.5 % 21.9–27.8 % 21.0– 29.4 % 28.9–36.6 % 17.6–24.1 % 15.2–30.6 % Not applicable, 41.1–47.9 % Not applicable, 36.0% (n = 2) (n = 4; Mean = (n = 16; Mean (n = 2, other (n = 8; Mean = (n = 90; Mean shield absent. (n = 5; Mean = shield absent. (n = 1; other 24.8; SD ± 2.5) = 25.0; SD ± specimens with 21.2; SD ± 2.1) = 22.8; SD ± 43.6; SD ± 2.6) specimens with 2.4) fusion frontals) 3.3) fused frontals) /HL 9.8–13.9 % 7.5–8.3 % 9.7 –18.0% 4.8–9.4 % 4.6 –13.0% 7.6–17.8 % Not applicable, 4.3–5.3 % 9.2–11.3 % Fusioned (n = 3; Mean = (n = 3; Mean = (n = 17; Mean (n = 3; Mean = (n = 9; Mean = (n = 94; Mean shield absent. (n = 2) (n = 2) parietals. 12.2; SD ± 2.1) 7.9; SD ± 0.4) = 13.6; SD ± 7.8; SD ± 2.6) 7.9; SD ± 2.5) = 12.4; SD ± 2.7) 2.3) TPL/H 18.9 –22.0% 25.0– 29.9 % 15.8–27.4 % 27.1–31.4 % 14.3–44.3 % 14.0– 23.8 % 27.5–31.8 % 24.5–30.9 % Not applicable, 16.4 –18.0% (n = 3; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = (n = 17; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 8; Mean = (n = 109; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 12; Mean shield absent. (n = 3; Mean = 20.2; SD ± 1.6) 27.7; SD = 1.7) = 20.1; SD ± 28.7; SD ± 1.9) 29.3; SD ± 8.1) = 19.0; SD ± 29.4; SD ± 2.0) = 27.2; SD ± 18.6; SD ± 1.9) 3.0) 2.3) 1.8) TPW/H 13.2–17.8 % 22.1 –31.0% 7.1–24.5 % 20.3–31.1 % 19.2–28.6 % 9.3–42.2 % 18.4–27.5 % 29.9–39.5 % Not applicable, 15.8 –18.0% (n = 3; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = (n = 18; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 10; Mean (n = 109; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 12; Mean shield absent. (n = 3; Mean = 15.6; SD ± 2.3) 25.1; SD = 3.2) = 15.8; SD ± 26.3; SD ± 4.5) = 24.7; SD ± = 19.7; SD ± 21.1; SD ± 4.3) = 34.8; SD ± 16.8; SD ± 1.1) 4.2) 3.0) 5.7) 2.8) PFL/H 23.0– 26.8 % 37.0– 44.3 % 20.6–36.9 % 37.2–41.6 % 22.2–27.2 % 14.5–29.5 % 36.4–41.3 % 24.2–28.2 % Not applicable, 20.9–26.1 % (n = 3; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = (n = 16; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 2) (n = 71; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = shield absent. (n = 3; Mean = 24.8; SD ± 1.9) 39.6; SD = 2.7) = 27.5; SD ± 39.4; SD ± 2.2) = 22.1; SD ± 37.8; SD ± 2.4) 26.0; SD ± 2.0) 23.0; SD ± 2.7) 4.3) 2.5) PFW/H 38.3–41.7 % 18.9–27.3 % 32.0– 45.7 % 25.4–36.7 % Not available 28.4 –52.0% 15.9–34.7 % not available Not applicable, 41.6–49.7 % (n = 3; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = (n = 16; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 90; Mean (n = 4; Mean = shield absent. (n = 3; Mean = 39.5; SD ± 1.9) 21.6; SD =3.0) = 36.6; SD ± 28.8; SD ± 5.3) = 43.9; SD ± 24.5; SD ± 7.8) 44.9; SD ± 4.3) 4.3) 4.1) CML /H 53.4–59.1 % 64.0– 73.8 % 49.2–69.6 % 53.7–67.8 % 56.7–64.5 % 47.3–63.2 % 61.0– 69.7 % 54.0– 57.4 % 58.9–59.5 % 54.0– 57.1 % (n = 4; Mean = (n = 6; Mean = (n = 17; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 2) (n = 91; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 3; Mean = (n = 2) (n = 3; Mean = 56.9; SD = 2.8) 68.1; SD = 3.7) = 59.9; SD ± 62.1; SD ± 6.0) = 55.4; SD ± 65.5; SD ± 4.8) 55.7; SD = 1.7) 0.7; SD ± 0.1) 5.6) 3.6) /SV 3.2–4.4 % 2.4–3.2 % 3.7–6.8 % 2.6 –3.0% 1.7–1.9 % 2.5–5.5 % 2.0– 2.9 % 1.6–2.7 % 2.4–2.9 % 1.9–2.9 % (n = 4; X = 3.7; (n = 6; Mean = (n = 17; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 10; Mean (n = 111; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 10; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = SD = 0.5) 2.7; SD = 0.3) = 5.1; SD ± 0.9) 2.9; SD ± 0.2) = 1.8; SD ± 0.1) = 3.8; SD ± 0.5) 2.4; SD ± 0.3) = 2.4; SD = 0.3) 2.6; SD ± 0.2) 2.4; SD ± 0.3) /SV 4.9–5.6 % 4.9–5.8 % 4.5–7.4 % 5.3–6.7 % 3.9–6.2 % 3.8–7.5 % 3.2–4.3 % 4.2 –5.0% 4.7–5.4 % 4.6–5.8 % (n = 4; X = 5.3; (n = 6; Mean = (n = 17; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 10; Mean (n = 114; Mean (n = 4; Mean = (n = 9; Mean = (n = 4; Mean = (n = 5; Mean = SD ± 0.3) 5.3; SD = 0.4) = 5.6; SD ± 0.7) 5.8; SD ± 0.7) = 4.8; SD ± 0.7) = 5.5; SD ± 0.6) 3.7; SD ± 0.5) 4.6; SD = 0.3) 5.0; SD ± 0.3) 5.3; SD ± 0.5) TABLE 2. Meristic and morphometric measurements (in millimeters) of the type series of Leposternon bagual sp. nov. Abbreviations of characters: CA, Caudal annuli; DAA, Dorsal anterior half-annuli; DPA, Dorsal postpectoral halfannuli; DS, Dorsal segments per half-annulus of midbody; F, female; HL, Head length; LA, Lateral half-annuli; M, male; MD, Midbody diameter; PV, Precloacal vertebrae; S, Sex; SC, Segments caudal (5 th annulus); SVL, Snout-vent length; TL, Tail length; VPA, Ventral postpectoral half-annuli; VS, Ventral segments per half-annulus of midbody. Characters Holotype Paratypes Mean ± SD FML FML FML FML 11319 11312 11313 11318 Sex F M F M * Specimen with mutilated body. Geographic distribution and habitat. So far, the new species is only known to occur in the type locality, El Bagual Ecological Reserve, located in the Province of Formosa, Laishi Department, Argentina (Fig. 5). The Ecological Reserve has an extension of 3.336 ha within the fitogeographic region of the Humid Chaco, mainly dominated by floodplain pastures interspersed by forested areas (Mercolli & Yanosky 2001).Published as part of Ribeiro, Siria, Santos-Jr, Alfredo P. & Zaher, Hussam, 2015, A new species of Leposternon Wagler, 1824 (Squamata, Amphisbaenia) from northeastern Argentina, pp. 309-324 in Zootaxa 4034 (2) on pages 310-319, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4034.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/24295
The unique traits of the subgenus Unicus within Chiasmocleis Méhely, 1094 (Anura: Microhylidae)
No full textDe Sá, Rafael O., Riva Tonini, João F., Huss, Hannah Van, Zaher, Hussam, Haddad, Célio F. B. (2019): The unique traits of the subgenus Unicus within Chiasmocleis Méhely, 1094 (Anura: Microhylidae). Zootaxa 4646 (3): 585-590, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4646.3.
Pseudoboa martinsi Zaher, Oliveira & Franco, 2008, sp. nov.
No full text<i>Pseudoboa martinsi</i> sp. nov. <p>Figs. 1–4</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP) 8549, a large male from Fazenda Porto Alegre, a forest fragment belonging to the PDBFF (Projeto Dinâmica Biológica de Fragmentos Florestais), Manaus, State of Amazonas, Brazil (2o 25’ 00” S, 59o 43’ 00” W), collected by Barbara Zimmerman in November 1984.</p> <p> <b>Paratypes</b> (N=10). MZUSP 15326, a small male from Itapuã d'Oeste, State of Rondônia, collected by Matheus G. Pires in 2004; INPA 1036, a small male from Guajará-Mirim, State of Rondônia; MZUSP 15592, a female from km 4, BR 174, State of Amazonas, collected by M. Santos in May 1995; MPEG 15, a large male from Uaupés river near Iauareté, State of Amazonas; IBSP 75520, a large male from km 42, BR-174, State of Amazonas, collected by Giuseppe Puorto in June 1997; IBSP 31981, a large male from Iauareté, near the border with Colombia, State of Amazonas, collected by A. R. Hoge in January 1971; MZUSP 15707, a large female from a forested area along BR 174 near the southern border between the states of Roraima and Amazonas, State of Roraima, collected by Marcelo Gordo in May 1996; IBSP 75712, a large female from Parque Nacional do Jaú, Novo Ayrão, State of Amazonas, collected by Marcelo Gordo in July 1992; INPA 18231, a large female from km 25, AM010, Igarapé Acará, Reserva Florestal Adolfo Ducke, State of Amazonas, collected by Rafael de Fraga in November 2006; MPEG 20257, a large male from Platô Almeida, Porto Trombetas, Oriximiná, State of Pará.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific name, a noun in the genitive case, honors Dr. Marcio Martins for his invaluable contribution to knowledge of the natural history of Brazilian snakes. Dr. Martins studied the biology of Amazonian snakes during his years as a Research Associate of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus (UFAM).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> A <i>Pseudoboa</i> that differs from all other species of the genus by the retention of a large pale collar in large individuals, and by the absence of apical pits on dorsal scales. Further differs from <i>Pseudoboa haasi</i>, <i>P. n i g r a</i>, and <i>P. neuwiedii</i> in having 17 instead of 19 dorsal scale rows, and from <i>P. nigra</i> and <i>P. n e u w i e - dii</i> in the presence of seven instead of eight supralabial scales.</p> <p> <b>Description of the holotype.</b> The specimen is a large male with 1020 mm TTL, 262 mm tail length (25 % of TTL); head length 23.5 mm (2.3% of TTL); head width 15.1 mm at broadest point; snout length 6.1 mm (25.9% of TTL). Head slightly distinct from neck; body robust, slightly wider than high. Dorsal scales smooth, in 17-17-17 rows, without apical pits. There are 198 ventrals, an undivided anal scale, and 91 unpaired subcaudals. Maxillary teeth 14, the last one deeply grooved and separated from the others by a large diastema.</p> <p>Rostral 1.46 times wider than high, and visible from above. Paired internasals 1.2 times wider than long. Paired prefrontals 1.3 times wider than long, in contact with each other and with internasal, posterior nasal, loreal, preocular, supraocular, and frontal. Frontal pentagonal, 1.07 times longer than wide. Supraocular 1.4 times longer than wide. Parietals 1.65 times longer than wide.</p> <p>Nasal 1.64 times longer than high, in contact with supralabials 1–2 and divided above and below the naris. Loreal 1.6 times longer than high. Preocular 1.4 times higher than long. Two small postoculars, the upper 1.3 times higher than the lower. Two anterior and two posterior temporals. Lower anterior temporal in contact with lower postocular. Lower anterior temporal 2.3 times higher than upper anterior temporal. Upper posterior temporal 1.2 times higher than lower posterior temporal. Seven supralabials, 2–3 contact loreal, 3–4 border the orbit. Mental 1.5 times wider than long, separated from genials by first pair of infralabials. Eight infralabials, 1–4 in contact with anterior genials, Two anterior and two posterior genials of equal size. All four genials 1.9 times longer than wide.</p> <p> <b>Hemipenis of holotype.</b> The fully everted and maximally expanded hemipenis (Fig. 3) is deeply bilobed, bicalyculate, and bicapitate, with long lobes (twice longer than wide) bearing capitula delimited by overhanging edges and formed by spinulate calyces. Each capitulum is directed externally and covers mostly the sulcate and lateral surfaces of the lobes, leaving the non-capitulate part of the lobes restricted to the internal and asulcate surfaces. The sulcus spermaticus divides on the proximal region of the hemipenial body, with each branch occupying a centrifugal position and ending on the lateral tip of the lobes. The non-capitulate surface of the lobes is nude except for the presence of a strongly inflated lobular crest that extends from the upper distal region of the internal side of the lobes to the distal region of the asulcate side of the hemipenial body, reducing gradually in size proximally to the level of the body’s wall. The distal tip of the inflated lobular crest terminates as a short papillate flounce that connects with the overhanging edge of the capitulum at the upper one third of the internal surface of the lobes. The distal tip of the inflated lobular crest is covered by papillae similar to those that ornament the short flounce. The lobular crest is also ornamented by a line of enlarged spines that join the series of lateral enlarged spines on the lateral surface of the hemipenial body. These enlarged spines form a group of three vertically oriented rows that run mostly over the lateral surface of the hemipenial body from the level of the proximal edge of the capitula to the level of the sulcus bifurcation, where they reduce drastically to small spines and spinules at the base of the organ. Five and six enlarged intrasulcar spines are present on the left and right sides of the intrasulcar surface, respectively. The basal crotch is large and ornamented by a pair of enlarged naked pockets with dorsal edges that delineate a strongly excavated, V-shaped crotch. The asulcate side of the hemipenial organ between the lateral enlarged spines is covered by spinules.</p> <p> <b>Coloration of holotype.</b> The preserved holotype has a black head cap from the tip of the snout to the posterior border of the supraoculars and frontal dorsally, and fourth supralabials laterally. The black cap also invades the anterior edge of the parietals. The fourth supralabials are only partially black with the posterior half being pale cream. A large brownish cream collar follows the black head cap and covers the parietal, temporal and nuchal regions, from the postoculars and anterior parietals to the fourth vertebral scale. A large black vertebral stripe begins at the level of the fourth vertebral scale and ends at the tip of the tail and covers paravertebral scale rows 9–11 and 1–3 on the body and tail, respectively. The number of paravertebral scale rows covered by the black stripe decreases towards the tail and may cover only the upper half of the dorsal scale rows at each sides of the stripe. The flanks are pale cream. Infralabials 1 to 4 are mostly black, whereas infralabials 5 to 8 as well as the genials are pale cream. The belly is uniform pale cream throughout the body and tail. In life, the animal had a black head cap and dorsal stripe, a white collar, bright red flanks, and a pale cream belly.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> (10 specimens analyzed, IBSP 75712 excluded from the analysis). Proportions and scutellation: largest specimen a female (INPA 18231) 1090 mm TTL, 240 mm TAL; largest male (the holotype) 1020 mm TTL, 270 mm TAL. Tail longer in males (21.8–26.1% of TTL; N=5) than in females (22.01–22.6%; N=2). Ventral counts more numerous in females (202–208; = 205.7; SD = 3.21; N = 3) than in males (192– 201; = 197.67; SD = 1.28; N = 6). Subcaudal counts on a single row (undivided) throughout the tail, higher in males (79–91; = 86.6; SD = 4.98; N = 5) than in females (74–84; = 79.25; SD 4.27; N = 4). Dorsal scales in 17-17-17 rows (two individuals with 17-17-16 and 17-17-15) without apical pits and undifferentiated vertebral row. Loreal always present. One preocular; two postoculars; 2+2 temporals (one individual with 1+2 temporals); seven supralabials, 3–4 in contact with orbit; eight infralabials, 1–5 in contact with anterior genials (one individual with 7 infralabials, 1–4 in contact with anterior genials). All specimens are similar in color pattern to the holotype. The cream collar is present in all specimens, including in the larger ones, being pale cream in small (young) individuals and brown cream in larger (adult) specimens. All specimens have a black vertebral stripe that runs from the fourth or fifth dorsal scale row to the tip of the tail. The stripe is variable in width, reducing in size posteriorly from 11 dorsal scale rows on the anterior portion of the body to one on the tail (11–9 along the body and 5–1 along the tail). Only one specimen (MZUSP 15707) has a black stripe that covers only seven dorsal scales on the body. The same specimen also shows an almost uniform brownish cream head cap and collar.</p> <p> <b>Coloration in life.</b> We had the opportunity to observe the coloration of live small and large individuals through direct observation and photographs (Fig. 4). All specimens, regardless of age, retain a black head cap, a large black vertebral stripe, bright red flanks, and a uniformly white belly throughout the body and tail. The collar is also retained throughout ontogeny, although changing from a bright white color in small individuals (Martins and Oliveira 1998: plate 79) to a reddish brown in large individuals (Fig. 4).</p> <p> <b>Natural history.</b> Three live females were observed in the area of the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, during 2006. They were found foraging actively at night among the leaf litter of a primary forest, near streams. One female (c.a. 1000 mm TTL) was foraging between a fallen log and the leaf litter, at 22:40 on March 2006 (C. Abrahão, pers. comm.). The second female (c.a. 1050 mm TTL) was found immobile at 01:00 on July 2006, close to the edge of a stream and with its body in a straight position. The snake quickly disappeared between the roots of a nearby tree (F. E. Dubyna, pers. comm.). The third female represents the largest individual of our sample (1090 mm TTL) and was collected at 20:30 on November 2006. It was found immobile, with the posterior part of its body submerged in the water of a stream (R. de Fraga, pers. comm.). This specimen had well developed vitellogenic folicles and folded oviducts. One large female from the river Jaú, had the remains of dorsal and ventral scales of a snake in the gut. Mites were found on two individuals. When handled, <i>Pseudoboa martinsi</i> does not attempt to constrict, bite, or expel cloacal discharge.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> The new species is known to occur within the Brazilian Amazon basin in the states of Pará, Amazonas, Roraima, and Rondônia, from western Pará to western Amazonas, south to the border of Rondônia with Bolivia (Fig. 5). However, the species is uncommonly encountered on the surface in the field, and representatives might well be found in forested areas of the remaining Brazilian states within the Amazon basin, as well as in adjacent countries such as Bolivia, Peru, Colombia and Venezuela.</p>Published as part of <i>Zaher, Hussam, Oliveira, Maria Ermelinda & Franco, Francisco Luís, 2008, A new, brightly colored species of Pseudoboa Schneider, 1801 from the Amazon Basin (Serpentes, Xenodontinae), pp. 27-37 in Zootaxa 1674</i> on pages 28-33, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/180275">10.5281/zenodo.180275</a>
FIGURE 2 in A new species of Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) of the I. lactea species series from southeastern Brazil
No full textFIGURE 2. Dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of Ischnocnema bocaina sp. nov. holotype (MZUSP 138663). Scale bar = 10 mm. Photos by B. F. Zaidan.Published as part of Taucce, Pedro P. G., Zaidan, Bárbara F., Zaher, Hussam & Garcia, Paulo C. A., 2019, A new species of Ischnocnema Reinhardt and Lütken, 1862 (Anura: Brachycephalidae) of the I. lactea species series from southeastern Brazil, pp. 531-545 in Zootaxa 4706 (4) on page 537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/361687
HANAFI DOCTRINE AND THE SHEIKH OF ISLAM HANAFI IN ALGERIA FROM THE OPENING OF NORTH AFRICA UNTIL INDEPENDENCE
Get PDFAnd we have compared Hanefi doctrine with the Maliki doctrine prevailing in Algeria It is noted in this study that Hanafi doctrine was present in North Africa since ancient times this is confirmed by Judge Ayyad, Ibn Khalkan, Dabbagh and Ibn al-Khoja...https://doi.org/10.28949/bilimname.49135
Amerotyphlops arenensis Graboski, Filho, Silva, Prudente & Zaher, 2015, sp. nov.
No full textAmerotyphlops arenensis sp. nov. Fig. 1 Holotype. An adult male, MZUSP 20042, collected by Gentil P. Filho on 19 th November 2008 from the Reserva Ecológica Mata do Pau Ferro (06° 58 ' 12 '' S, 35 ° 42 ' 15 '' W; ca. 600 m), municipality of Areia, state of Paraíba, Brazil. Paratypes. Eighteen specimens all collected in the type locality by Gentil P. Filho. MZUSP 20037 – 38 collected in 16 th October 2008, MZUSP 20039 collected in 17 th October 2008, MZUSP 20040 – 41 collected in 19 th November 2008, MZUSP 20136 collected in 19 th November 2008, MZUSP 20043 – 45 collected in 17 th December 2008, MZUSP 20046 collected in 18 th December 2008, MZUSP 20047 and MZUSP 21273 collected in 21 st January 2009, MZUSP 20048 collected in 28 th February 2009, MZUSP 20049 – 50 and MZUSP 21274 collected in 27 th March 2009, MZUSP 20051 collected in 23 rd April 2009, and MZUSP 20052 collected in 21 st May 2009. Diagnosis. Amerotyphlops arenensis is distinguished from all other South American species by the following combination of characters: nasal suture incomplete; rostral scale oval; supralabial scales four; infralabial scales three; rows scales around the body 18 / 18 / 18; middorsal scales 204 to 225; rows of dorsal scales dark brown 12–13 th; rows of ventral scales yellowish cream and immaculate 4–5; caudal spine dark brown; subcaudal scales 8–10 in female and 11–13 for males; and maximum TTL 233 mm. The new species differs from Amerotyphlops lehneri by having an incomplete nasal suture (vs. complete nasal suture); from A. brongersmianus, A. reticulatus, and A. minuisquamus by having 18 / 18 / 18 rows scales around the body (vs. 18 / 16 /14, 18/ 18 /14, 20/ 18 / 14 or 20 / 18 / 15 in A. minuisquamus; 20 / 20 / 18 or 20 / 20 / 20 in A. brongersmianus and A. reticulatus); from A. yonenagae by having less than 250 middorsal scales (vs. more than 250 middorsal); from A. amoipira by having highly pigmented cephalic scales with a dark brown dorsum (vs. few pigmented cephalic scales, creamish brown dorsum with a fine darker brown paravertebral line concentrated in the anterior part of the body) and from A. paucisquamus by having a largest number of middorsal, between 204–225 (vs. fewer number of middorsal, between 162–209). Description of the holotype. Adult male, TTL 191 mm, TL 7 mm, TTL/MBD 28.08, and TTL/TL 27.28. Head slightly depressed dorsoventrally, not distinct from neck. Snout round in dorsal and ventral views. Rostral oval, longer than wide, narrow at anteroposterior region and wider at medial region; visible in dorsal view, extending ventrodorsally without reaching the imaginary transverse line between anterior borders of eyes. Rostral contacting nasal (anterior and posterior) dorsolaterally, and first supralabial and anterior nasal scales ventrally. Nasal suture incomplete, only partially dividing the anterior and posterior portions of nasal scale. Suture begins in the upper edge of second supralabial, pass through nostril, but fails to reach rostral. Anterior nasal in contact with first infralabial and upper edge of second infralabial. Posterior nasal longer than wide, contacting upper margin of second supralabial and preocular. Supralabials four, fourth twice longer than third supralabial. Infralabials three, third largest. Eye diameter 0.91 mm; eyes not visible in ventral view, located dorsolaterally, close to suture between preocular and ocular scales, completely covered by ocular scale. Ocular scales contacting frontal. Body cylindrical and robust. Midbody diameter 6.80 mm. Dorsal and ventral scales cycloid, wider than long, highly imbricated and arranged in diagonal series; scale rows around the body 18 / 18 / 18. Middorsal scales 213. Cloacal plate rounded, bordered anteriorly by three rows of scales and posteriorly by five rows of scales. Subcaudal scales 13, excluding the terminal spine. Terminal spine large, stout base and dark brown. Coloration of the holotype in life. Dorsum (12–13 rows of scales) dark brown, venter (4–5 rows of scales) light cream. Dorsal and ventral portions of snout pinkish, with a few dark brown spots, covering both rostral and nasal scales (only in the upper half of snout). Symphysial region pinkish and immaculate. Dorsal head scales (supraoculars, frontal, posfrontal, parietals, and occipitals) and dorsal portions of lateral head scales (ocular, nasal, and lower nasal) predominantly dark brown, and ventral portions pinkish. Cloacal plate light cream and terminal spine dark brown. After six years preserved in 70 % ethanol, the coloration of the holotype remained mostly the same. All regions in light cream and pinkish changed to yellowish cream (Fig. 2). Variation. The ANOVA revealed secondary sexual dimorphism only for the number of subcaudal scales (F= 63.43, p <0.001) and TL (F= 47.61, p <0.001) among the verified variables. Number of subcaudal scales 11–13 (mean = 11.8, SD= 0.63, N= 11) in males and 8–10 (mean = 9.2, SD= 0.70, N= 8) in females. Tail length 4.42–6.77 % of TTL (N= 10) in males and 3.71–4.91 % of TTL (N= 8) in females. Largest female and male with 233 mm TTL and 5.23 mm of TL (MZUSP 20043) and 215 mm of TTL and 7.19 of TL (MZUSP 20044), respectively. MBD 5.41–8.04 (mean = 7.21, SD= 0.77, N= 10) in males and 5.85–9 (mean = 8; SD = 1.12; N = 8) in females; number of middorsal scales 204–221 (mean = 214.1, SD= 4.70, N= 11) in males and 207–225 (mean = 217.25, SD= 7.10, N = 8) in females. The color patterns of the paratypes are similar to that found in the holotype. However, two individuals (11 %) lack dark spots in their rostral scale while the remaining individuals (88 %) retain dark spots in their rostral scale. Table 1 shows additional morphometric characters and scale patterns found in the new species and in two morphologically similar species distributed in the Northeastern Brazil (A. amoipira and A. paucisquamus). Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin name “arena”, a reference to the name of the type locality of the new species, the municipality of Areia. Distribution and habitat. Amerotyphlops arenensis is only known from the Reserva Ecológica Mata do Pau Ferro (REMPF), situated at 5 km from the municipality of Areia, state of Paraíba, Brazil (Fig. 3). This region is considered one of the largest upland forest fragments of the state of Paraíba (about 600 hectares). The prevalent phytophysiognomy in the REMPF correspond to a sub-montane seasonal semi-decidual forest (Fig. 4) (Barbosa et al. 2004), ranging from 400–600 meters above sea level, with an annual average of temperature and rainfall of 22 ° C and 1.400 mm, respectively (Mayo & Fevereiro 1981). The REMPF has several different levels of successional forests, presenting in some parts a high and dense forest with large height trees (approximately 35 meters), with a well-defined canopy structure, woodland and understory well established and preserved (Barbosa et al. 2004). All specimens were captured with the aid of pitfall traps into the most preserved forest.Published as part of Graboski, Roberta, Filho, Gentil Alves Pereira, Silva, Ariane Auxiliadora Araújo Da, Prudente, Ana Lúcia Da Costa & Zaher, Hussam, 2015, A new species of Amerotyphlops from Northeastern Brazil, with comments on distribution of related species, pp. 443-452 in Zootaxa 3920 (3) on pages 444-447, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3920.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/23891
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